Database Structures and Algorithms: Master Data Management Techniques

Question 1

For performing a range query on a sorted data set, what algorithm is typically employed?

Accepted Answer

Binary search

Answer

Linear search

Answer

Merge sort

Answer

Quick sort

Question 2

In database indexing, what is the primary purpose of utilizing a hash function?

Accepted Answer

Shrink the search space for a specific key

Answer

Distribute data evenly across the index

Answer

Guarantee unique keys

Answer

Enhance insertion and deletion operations

Question 3

Compared to a binary tree, what advantage does a balanced binary search tree offer for indexing large data sets?

Accepted Answer

Faster search and insertion

Answer

Reduced memory usage

Answer

Guaranteed O(log n) search time

Answer

Simplified implementation

Question 4

Which data structure is employed for implementing a queue in database management systems?

Accepted Answer

Linked list

Answer

Array

Answer

Heap

Answer

Hash table

Question 5

What is the purpose of a deadlock avoidance algorithm in database systems?

Accepted Answer

Prevent deadlocks from occurring

Answer

Detect and resolve deadlocks

Answer

Ensure fair access to resources

Answer

Optimize resource allocation

Question 6

In a database, which data structure is used for implementing a Bloom filter?

Accepted Answer

Bitmap

Answer

Array

Answer

Hash table

Answer

Set

Question 7

In a database management system, what is the primary function of a transaction log?

Accepted Answer

Record database alterations for recovery and auditing

Answer

Store transitory data while transactions execute

Answer

Enable parallelism through concurrent access to data

Answer

Boost query performance by caching frequently accessed data

Question 8

Which data structure is specifically designed to maintain record order and facilitate efficient range queries in a database table?

Accepted Answer

B-Tree

Answer

Hash Table

Answer

Stack

Answer

Linked List

Question 9

In database systems, buffer management is essential for optimizing data access and minimizing I/O operations. Which buffer replacement algorithm gives priority to data that has been recently used?

Accepted Answer

LRU

Answer

MRU

Answer

FIFO

Answer

LIFO

Question 10

Which data structure is commonly used to represent hierarchical data?

Accepted Answer

Tree

Answer

Array

Answer

Linked list

Answer

Queue

Question 11

For searching a sorted array efficiently, which algorithm should be used?

Accepted Answer

Binary search

Answer

Linear search

Answer

Hashing

Answer

Breadth-first search

Question 12

What is the primary purpose of using indexes in a database?

Accepted Answer

Enhance query performance

Answer

Guarantee data consistency

Answer

Enforce data security

Answer

Reduce storage space

Question 13

Which data structure is suitable for implementing a queue data structure?

Accepted Answer

Linked list

Answer

Array

Answer

Hash table

Answer

Tree

Question 14

What is the time complexity of the insertion sort algorithm?

Accepted Answer

O(n^2)

Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(n log n)

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a database normalization form?

Accepted Answer

Inverted normal form (INF)

Answer

First normal form (1NF)

Answer

Second normal form (2NF)

Answer

Third normal form (3NF)

Question 16

What is the primary purpose of a transaction in a database management system?

Accepted Answer

To maintain data consistency

Answer

To prevent unauthorized data access

Answer

To improve performance

Answer

To implement security measures

Question 17

What is the distinction between a primary key and a foreign key in a relational database?

Accepted Answer

A primary key uniquely identifies a row in a table, while a foreign key references a row in another table

Answer

A foreign key uniquely identifies a row in a table, while a primary key references a row in another table

Answer

Both primary key and foreign key uniquely identify rows in the same table

Answer

Primary key and foreign key are interchangeable concepts

Question 18

Which of the following is an advantage of using a hash table data structure?

Accepted Answer

Constant-time lookup

Answer

Ordered data storage

Answer

Efficient insertion and deletion

Answer

Automatic data sorting

Question 19

How do hash tables enhance the efficiency of equality checks in database query processing?

Accepted Answer

Hash tables enable constant time lookup using key values.

Answer

Hash tables optimize data organization for efficient sorting.

Answer

Hash tables reduce memory consumption, improving performance.

Question 20

Which fundamental data structure is commonly used to efficiently represent hierarchical data, such as family trees or organizational charts, within database management systems?

Accepted Answer

Tree

Answer

Array

Answer

Queue

Answer

Hash Table

Question 21

Databases often utilize sorted tables to enhance search efficiency. For such tables, which algorithm is most suitable for locating a specific record swiftly?

Accepted Answer

Binary Search

Answer

Linear Search

Answer

Breadth-first Search

Answer

Depth-first Search

Question 22

When working with large datasets in database tables, which sorting algorithm is known for its efficiency and stability?

Accepted Answer

Merge Sort

Answer

Quick Sort

Answer

Selection Sort

Answer

Bubble Sort

Question 23

In database modeling, which data structure is typically used to establish a many-to-many relationship between two or more tables?

Accepted Answer

Join Table

Answer

One-to-One Relationship

Answer

One-to-Many Relationship

Answer

Array

Question 24

Efficiently finding the minimum or maximum value within a database table column requires an appropriate algorithm. Which of the following algorithms is best suited for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

Heap Sort

Answer

Counting Sort

Answer

Radix Sort

Answer

Selection Sort

Question 25

Caching mechanisms play a vital role in database performance optimization. Which data structure is commonly employed to implement caching in database management systems?

Accepted Answer

Hash Table

Answer

Linked List

Answer

Queue

Answer

Tree

Question 26

Performing updates on a large number of records in a database table efficiently requires an appropriate algorithm. Which of the following algorithms is commonly used for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

Bulk Update

Answer

Bulk Insert

Answer

Merge Sort

Answer

Quick Sort

Question 27

Which data structure is best suited for representing hierarchical relationships in a database?

Accepted Answer

Tree

Answer

Array

Answer

Queue

Answer

Hash Table

Question 28

Which search algorithm is commonly used to efficiently locate a specific record in a sorted database table?

Accepted Answer

Binary Search

Answer

Linear Search

Answer

Breadth-First Search

Answer

Depth-First Search

Question 29

Which data structure is appropriate for representing a collection of distinct elements in a database?

Accepted Answer

Set

Answer

List

Answer

Map

Answer

Tuple

Question 30

In the context of a database management system, what is the primary role of a hash function?

Accepted Answer

To facilitate efficient record lookup in a hash table

Answer

To generate unique identifiers for data records

Answer

To distribute data evenly across multiple storage devices

Answer

To encrypt sensitive data

Question 31

When dealing with large datasets in a database, which sorting algorithm is typically preferred for its efficiency?

Accepted Answer

Merge Sort

Answer

Bubble Sort

Answer

Selection Sort

Answer

Insertion Sort

Question 32

In the context of a database schema, what is the essential distinction between a primary key and a foreign key?

Accepted Answer

A primary key uniquely identifies a row within a table, while a foreign key references a primary key in another table

Answer

A foreign key uniquely identifies a row within a table, while a primary key references a foreign key in another table

Answer

A primary key can contain null values, while a foreign key cannot

Answer

A foreign key can contain null values, while a primary key cannot

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using stored procedures in a database environment?

Accepted Answer

Increased data vulnerability

Answer

Enhanced performance

Answer

Reduced network traffic

Answer

Greater flexibility in handling complex queries

Question 34

Which data structure is commonly used to represent hierarchical relationships in database models?

Accepted Answer

Tree

Answer

Graph

Answer

Array

Answer

Linked list

Question 35

Which algorithm can be used to efficiently search for a specific record in a large database table that is **sorted**?

Accepted Answer

Binary search

Answer

Linear search

Answer

Depth-first search

Answer

Breadth-first search

Question 36

Which data structure is suitable for efficiently storing key-value pairs in a database, providing fast lookup by key?

Accepted Answer

Hash table

Answer

Array

Answer

Linked list

Answer

Tree

Question 37

Which data structure is particularly useful for implementing undo/redo functionality in database systems, allowing for easy reversal of actions?

Accepted Answer

Stack

Answer

Queue

Answer

Linked list

Answer

Hash table

Question 38

In a database, which data structure offers efficient storage and retrieval of data?

Accepted Answer

Hash Table

Answer

Array

Answer

Linked List

Answer

Binary Tree

Question 39

What is the primary advantage of using an indexed data structure in a database?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced search efficiency

Answer

Reduced data redundancy

Answer

Increased data integrity

Answer

Simplified data maintenance

Question 40

Which data structure is best suited for representing hierarchical data in a database?

Accepted Answer

Tree

Answer

Array

Answer

Linked List

Answer

Graph

Question 41

What is the primary purpose of a hash function in a database?

Accepted Answer

To map data values to unique keys

Answer

To generate unique identifiers for data records

Answer

To sort data in ascending order

Answer

To compress data for storage

Question 42

What is the main advantage of implementing a balanced binary search tree in a database?

Accepted Answer

Guaranteed logarithmic time complexity for search operations

Answer

Fast and efficient data insertion and deletion

Answer

Reduced memory consumption compared to unbalanced trees

Answer

Enhanced data integrity and consistency

Question 43

Which data structure is suitable for representing interconnected data networks in a database?

Accepted Answer

Graph

Answer

Array

Answer

Linked List

Answer

Queue

Question 44

What is the primary function of a transaction in a database management system?

Accepted Answer

To maintain data consistency and integrity

Answer

To optimize database performance

Answer

To manage user access and permissions

Answer

To recover data in case of system failures

Question 45

Which database normalization form ensures that each attribute in a relation is directly dependent on the primary key?

Accepted Answer

3NF

Answer

1NF

Answer

2NF

Answer

4NF

Question 46

Which data structure is ideal for storing a collection of records, each having a unique key, to enable efficient key-based retrieval?

Accepted Answer

Hash table

Answer

Binary search tree

Answer

Linked list

Answer

Array

Question 47

Which sorting algorithm efficiently arranges a large, unsorted array in ascending order, with a time complexity of O(n log n)?

Accepted Answer

Merge sort

Answer

Insertion sort

Answer

Selection sort

Answer

Bubble sort

Question 48

How does a B-tree data structure optimize query performance in databases?

Accepted Answer

By organizing data into multiple levels of balanced nodes, allowing for efficient range queries and fast data retrieval.

Answer

By storing data in sequential order only

Answer

By using a hash function to locate data directly

Question 49

Which database indexing technique improves query speed by grouping related records together?

Accepted Answer

Clustering

Answer

Normalization

Answer

Sorting

Answer

Hashing

Question 50

How does a binary search tree (BST) maintain data in sorted order?

Accepted Answer

By recursively dividing the data into left and right subtrees, ensuring that each node's value is greater than all values in its left subtree and less than all values in its right subtree.

Answer

By dynamically adjusting the tree structure as data is inserted

Answer

By using a separate array to store the sorted data

Question 51

How does a database transaction ensure data integrity?

Accepted Answer

By ensuring that all operations within a transaction either succeed or fail as a single unit, preserving the consistency of the database.

Answer

By locking all data records accessed by the transaction

Answer

By backing up the database before the transaction begins

Question 52

Which data structure is commonly used to represent hierarchical relationships between data items?

Accepted Answer

Tree

Answer

Queue

Answer

Array

Answer

LinkedList

Question 53

How does a database index improve query performance?

Accepted Answer

By providing a direct path to locate data records based on specific criteria, reducing the amount of data that needs to be searched.

Answer

By reducing the number of database tables that need to be searched

Answer

By optimizing the order in which data is stored on the disk

Question 54

Which algorithm efficiently locates an element in a sorted array or list?

Accepted Answer

Binary search

Answer

Breadth-first search

Answer

Linear search

Answer

Depth-first search