Major Airways and Lungs: Anatomy and Physiology for Medical Assistants

Question 1

Which of the following is the main bronchus that supplies the left lung?

Accepted Answer

Left primary bronchus

Answer

Right primary bronchus

Answer

Trachea

Answer

Main stem bronchus

Question 2

What is the role of the diaphragm in the process of respiration?

Accepted Answer

Contracts to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity

Answer

Relaxes to decrease the volume of the thoracic cavity

Answer

Produces surfactant

Answer

Protects the lungs from infection

Question 3

What is the name of the space situated between the visceral and parietal pleurae?

Accepted Answer

Pleural cavity

Answer

Mediastinum

Answer

Alveolar space

Answer

Pericardial cavity

Question 4

What is the main function of the epiglottis?

Accepted Answer

Prevents food from entering the trachea

Answer

Regulates the flow of air into the lungs

Answer

Produces mucus to lubricate the vocal cords

Answer

Protects the lungs from infection

Question 5

What is the primary role of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

To facilitate gas exchange between the blood and the external environment

Answer

To maintain body temperature

Answer

To produce hormones

Answer

To filter out toxins from the bloodstream

Question 6

Which of the following structures serves as the primary passage for air to reach the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Trachea

Answer

Bronchi

Answer

Bronchioles

Answer

Alveoli

Question 7

Which option is NOT a muscle involved in the process of breathing?

Accepted Answer

Trapezius muscle

Answer

Diaphragm

Answer

Intercostal muscles

Answer

Abdominal muscles

Question 8

Which function is NOT associated with the pleural cavity?

Accepted Answer

Filtering blood

Answer

Reducing friction during lung movement

Answer

Generating surfactant

Answer

Facilitating lung expansion

Question 9

What term describes the process of bringing air into the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Inspiration

Answer

Expiration

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Perfusion

Question 10

What is the purpose of pulse oximetry?

Accepted Answer

Determining the oxygen saturation of the blood

Answer

Measuring heart rate

Answer

Detecting infections

Answer

Evaluating lung function

Question 11

The epithelium lining the trachea is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Answer

Simple squamous epithelium

Answer

Stratified squamous epithelium

Answer

Transitional epithelium

Question 12

Which structure serves to humidify and warm inspired air?

Accepted Answer

Nasal cavity

Answer

Pharynx

Answer

Larynx

Answer

Trachea

Question 13

The primary muscle responsible for expanding and contracting the lungs is the:

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm

Answer

Intercostal muscles

Answer

Abdominal muscles

Answer

Cardiac muscle

Question 14

Which waste product of cellular metabolism is primarily removed from the body through the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide

Answer

Nitrogen

Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Water vapor

Question 15

The site of gas exchange between the respiratory and circulatory systems is the:

Accepted Answer

Alveoli

Answer

Bronchi

Answer

Pleura

Answer

Trachea

Question 16

Which lung volume represents the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration?

Accepted Answer

Residual volume

Answer

Tidal volume

Answer

Vital capacity

Answer

Total lung capacity

Question 17

A condition characterized by chronic inflammation and narrowing of the airways is known as:

Accepted Answer

Asthma

Answer

Bronchitis

Answer

Emphysema

Answer

Pneumonia

Question 18

Which of the following is **not** a major airway?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary veins

Answer

Trachea

Answer

Bronchi

Answer

Bronchioles

Question 19

What is the **primary** function of the alveoli in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Gas exchange

Answer

Mucus production

Answer

Air filtration

Answer

Heat regulation

Question 20

Which type of epithelial cell in the trachea is responsible for secreting mucus?

Accepted Answer

Goblet cells

Answer

Ciliated cells

Answer

Basal cells

Answer

Serous cells

Question 21

What is the name of the cartilaginous structures that support and strengthen the trachea?

Accepted Answer

Tracheal rings

Answer

Cricoid rings

Answer

Bronchial rings

Answer

Bronchiolar rings

Question 22

What is the name of the respiratory condition characterized by chronic inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles?

Accepted Answer

Asthma

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Tuberculosis

Answer

Emphysema

Question 23

Which of the following is **not** a primary function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Nutrient absorption

Answer

Gas exchange

Answer

Acid-base regulation

Answer

Voice production

Question 24

Which muscle primarily contracts to enlarge the thoracic cavity during inhalation?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm

Answer

Intercostals

Answer

Abdominals

Answer

Pectoralis major

Question 25

Which lung receives blood supply from the left pulmonary artery?

Accepted Answer

Left lung

Answer

Right lung

Answer

Both lungs

Answer

Neither lung

Question 26

In medical terminology, what suffix is added to the root word "bronch" to indicate a branching structure in the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

-ole

Answer

-ectasis

Answer

-itis

Answer

-oma

Question 27

What is the primary function of the major airways and lungs in the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide

Answer

To filter and purify the blood

Answer

To produce hormones

Answer

To regulate body temperature

Question 28

Which anatomical structure connects the trachea to the lungs, allowing for the passage of air?

Accepted Answer

Bronchi

Answer

Bronchioles

Answer

Alveoli

Answer

Pleura

Question 29

Identify the type of cell in the lungs that plays a critical role in the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide:

Accepted Answer

Alveolar cells

Answer

Macrophages

Answer

Bronchial cells

Answer

Tracheal cells

Question 30

What is the name of the thin, double-layered membrane that lines the lungs and thoracic cavity, facilitating their functions?

Accepted Answer

Pleura

Answer

Pericardium

Answer

Parietal layer

Answer

Visceral layer

Question 31

Which of the following respiratory disorders is characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to difficulty breathing?

Accepted Answer

Asthma

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Emphysema

Answer

Bronchitis

Question 32

What is considered the normal range for the respiratory rate of an adult at rest?

Accepted Answer

16-20 breaths per minute

Answer

10-12 breaths per minute

Answer

24-28 breaths per minute

Answer

32-36 breaths per minute

Question 33

Describe the role of the diaphragm in the process of respiration:

Accepted Answer

Contracts to expand the thoracic cavity, allowing for inhalation

Answer

Relaxes to contract the thoracic cavity, facilitating exhalation

Answer

Produces mucus to protect the respiratory tract

Answer

Filters inhaled air to remove harmful particles

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT a function carried out by the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of food

Answer

Gas exchange

Answer

Acid-base balance

Answer

Voice production

Question 35

What is the medical term for an abnormal accumulation of fluid within the pleural cavity?

Accepted Answer

Pleural effusion

Answer

Pulmonary edema

Answer

Pneumothorax

Answer

Atelectasis

Question 36

Which task is typically NOT performed by a medical assistant in a respiratory care setting?

Accepted Answer

Inserting tracheotomy tubes

Answer

Performing spirometry tests

Answer

Administering oxygen therapy

Answer

Educating patients about respiratory hygiene

Question 37

The primary site of gas exchange in the lungs is the:

Accepted Answer

Alveoli

Answer

Bronchi

Answer

Bronchioles

Answer

Trachea

Question 38

The process of inspiration involves:

Accepted Answer

A and C

Answer

Contraction of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

Answer

Relaxation of the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles

Answer

Expansion of the thoracic cavity

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for respiratory diseases?

Accepted Answer

Regular physical activity

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Poor air quality

Answer

Obesity

Question 40

The primary function of the pleural cavity is to:

Accepted Answer

Create negative pressure for respiration

Answer

Lubricate the lungs

Answer

Produce surfactant

Answer

Filter inhaled air

Question 41

The surfactant produced by the lungs serves to:

Accepted Answer

Reduce surface tension and prevent alveolar collapse

Answer

Increase oxygen diffusion

Answer

Clear mucus from the airways

Answer

Regulate body temperature

Question 42

Describe the histological structure of the pleura and explain its role in respiration.

Accepted Answer

The pleura is a thin, two-layered membrane composed of visceral and parietal layers.

Accepted Answer

Mesothelial cells lining the pleura secrete pleural fluid, allowing for smooth lung movement during breathing.

Answer

The pleura is not a complete barrier, allowing for the exchange of gases between the pleural cavity and the lungs.

Question 43

What is the main role of the trachea?

Accepted Answer

Moving air in and out of the lungs

Answer

Exchanging gases

Answer

Filtering and warming air

Answer

Producing mucus to catch foreign particles

Question 44

In end-of-life care, when deciding whether to continue or discontinue respiratory support, which factor should be the primary consideration?

Accepted Answer

Patient's quality of life and their wishes

Answer

Patient's age

Answer

Doctor's recommendation

Question 45

Which three factors are essential for efficient gas exchange in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Ventilation

Accepted Answer

Perfusion

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Metabolism

Question 46

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the bronchi?

Accepted Answer

Transporting air to and from the lungs

Answer

Filtering out microorganisms

Answer

Exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide

Answer

Producing mucus

Question 47

Which of the following types of lung cells facilitates gas exchange across the alveolar membrane?

Accepted Answer

Type I pneumocytes

Answer

Bronchial epithelial cells

Answer

Alveolar macrophages

Answer

Type II pneumocytes

Question 48

What is the primary function of surfactant in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Reducing surface tension within the alveoli

Answer

Promoting mucus production

Answer

Filtering out bacteria

Answer

Increasing airway resistance

Question 49

What is the primary neurotransmitter released by the phrenic nerve to stimulate diaphragmatic contraction during inspiration?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

GABA

Question 50

Which of the following conditions is a potential cause of pulmonary embolism?

Accepted Answer

Deep vein thrombosis

Answer

Bronchitis

Answer

Asthma

Answer

Pneumonia

Question 51

What is the primary目的of performing a chest X-ray in diagnosing lung conditions?

Accepted Answer

Visualizing the lungs and identifying abnormalities

Answer

Sampling sputum for culture

Answer

Measuring lung function

Question 52

Which of the following patient assessments is crucial for evaluating lung health?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory rate and pattern

Answer

Appetite and thirst

Answer

Skin color and turgor

Answer

Blood pressure and pulse