Quantitative Data Analysis for Nursing Research: Quizzes and Practice

Question 1

The fundamental distinction between parametric and non-parametric statistical tests lies in:

Accepted Answer

Parametric tests assume a normal distribution of data, while non-parametric tests make no such assumption

Answer

Parametric tests are more powerful than non-parametric tests

Answer

Parametric tests are used for continuous data, while non-parametric tests are used for categorical data

Answer

Parametric tests require larger sample sizes than non-parametric tests

Question 2

What is the primary goal of conducting an a priori power analysis?

Accepted Answer

Determining the minimum sample size required to achieve desired statistical power

Answer

Calculating the effect size of the study

Answer

Identifying potential confounding variables

Answer

Ensuring the ethical conduct of the research

Question 3

What is the primary purpose of regression analysis in quantitative data analysis?

Accepted Answer

To predict a continuous outcome variable based on one or more predictor variables

Answer

To compare the means of two groups

Answer

To determine the correlation between variables

Answer

To test the significance of differences between groups

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a valid type of sampling method in research?

Accepted Answer

Voluntary sampling

Answer

Simple random sampling

Answer

Stratified sampling

Answer

Convenience sampling

Question 5

Which is a specific limitation of using quantitative data in research?

Accepted Answer

It can be challenging to capture complex phenomena

Answer

It is prone to researcher bias

Answer

It cannot be used to make inferences about populations

Answer

It is difficult to analyze without advanced statistical software

Question 6

Which of these statistical measures represents the average value of a dataset?

Accepted Answer

Mean

Answer

Standard deviation

Answer

Pearson's correlation coefficient

Answer

Chi-square statistic

Question 7

Which measure of central tendency is most susceptible to extreme values?

Accepted Answer

Mean

Answer

Median

Answer

Mode

Question 8

Which type of regression analysis predicts a continuous outcome variable based on one or more predictor variables?

Accepted Answer

Linear regression

Answer

Logistic regression

Answer

Poisson regression

Question 9

What is the primary purpose of a scatterplot in data exploration?

Accepted Answer

To visualize the relationship between two variables

Answer

To calculate the mean of the data

Answer

To identify outliers

Question 10

Which statistical test is appropriate for comparing the means of two independent groups?

Accepted Answer

t-test

Answer

ANOVA

Answer

Chi-square test

Question 11

What is the main goal of descriptive statistics?

Accepted Answer

To summarize and describe data

Answer

To make inferences about a population

Answer

To test hypotheses

Question 12

Which measure of dispersion best describes the spread of data around the mean?

Accepted Answer

Standard deviation

Answer

Range

Answer

Variance

Question 13

Which statistical tool is used to assess the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables?

Accepted Answer

Regression analysis

Answer

Correlation analysis

Answer

Factor analysis

Question 14

What is the primary function of a confidence interval?

Accepted Answer

To estimate the population parameter within a range of values

Answer

To test hypotheses

Answer

To describe the distribution of data

Question 15

In a data set, the mode represents what value?

Accepted Answer

The most frequently occurring value

Answer

The sum of all data values

Answer

The middle value

Answer

The average of all data values

Question 16

Which statistical test is appropriate for determining if there is a significant difference in medication errors between two independent groups of nurses?

Accepted Answer

t-test

Answer

ANOVA

Answer

Chi-square test

Answer

Correlation analysis

Question 17

What is the primary objective of performing regression analysis?

Accepted Answer

To predict the value of a dependent variable based on one or more independent variables

Answer

To compare the means of two or more groups

Answer

To identify the most frequent values in a data set

Answer

To determine the probability of an event occurring

Question 18

Which measure quantifies the strength and direction of the relationship between two variables?

Accepted Answer

Correlation coefficient

Answer

Regression coefficient

Answer

t-value

Answer

F-value

Question 19

Which ethical principle requires researchers to safeguard the privacy of their participants?

Accepted Answer

Confidentiality

Answer

Informed consent

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Question 20

Which of the following is **NOT** a measure of **central tendency**?

Accepted Answer

Standard deviation

Answer

Mean

Answer

Median

Answer

Mode

Question 21

A researcher wants to determine if there is a statistically **significant difference** in blood pressure between two groups. Which statistical **test** would be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

t-test

Answer

ANOVA

Answer

Chi-square test

Answer

Regression analysis

Question 22

A **scatterplot** shows a strong **positive correlation** between two variables. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

As one variable increases, the other variable also tends to increase

Answer

As one variable decreases, the other variable also tends to decrease

Answer

There is no relationship between the two variables

Answer

The relationship between the two variables is unclear

Question 23

A researcher wants to compare the **mean scores** of two groups on a questionnaire. Which statistical **test** would be most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

t-test

Answer

ANOVA

Answer

Chi-square test

Answer

Mann-Whitney U test

Question 24

In research studies, which type of data analysis is best suited for testing hypotheses?

Accepted Answer

Quantitative data analysis

Answer

Qualitative data analysis

Question 25

In a nursing research study, the average age of participants was 45 years, with a range of ages varying by 10 years. Which of the following statements best describes the data?

Accepted Answer

About 68% of the participants are between 35 and 55 years old.

Answer

Most participants are under 45 years old.

Answer

The data follows a normal distribution.

Answer

The data has two distinct peaks.

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a measure of central tendency?

Accepted Answer

Range

Answer

Mean

Answer

Median

Answer

Mode

Question 27

Which inferential statistic is used to compare the means of two independent groups?

Accepted Answer

Student's t-test

Answer

ANOVA

Answer

Chi-square test

Answer

Correlation coefficient

Question 28

The primary purpose of regression analysis is to:

Accepted Answer

Predict the value of one variable based on another

Answer

Compare the means of multiple groups

Answer

Describe the distribution of data

Answer

Test for statistical significance

Question 29

The standard deviation is a measure of:

Accepted Answer

Data dispersion

Answer

Data skewness

Answer

Data kurtosis

Answer

Data symmetry

Question 30

Which statistical test is used to determine if there is an association between two categorical variables?

Accepted Answer

Chi-square test

Answer

Pearson's correlation coefficient

Answer

Spearman's rank correlation coefficient

Answer

ANOVA

Question 31

The null hypothesis in a statistical test typically states that:

Accepted Answer

There is no significant relationship between variables

Answer

There is a significant relationship between variables

Answer

The data is normally distributed

Answer

The sample size is large enough

Question 32

In a linear regression, the slope of the line represents the:

Accepted Answer

Regression coefficient

Answer

Correlation coefficient

Answer

Standard deviation

Answer

Mean

Question 33

A researcher is studying the average length of stay for patients hospitalized with pneumonia. What type of quantitative data is being analyzed?

Accepted Answer

Continuous data

Answer

Discrete data

Answer

Ordinal data

Answer

Nominal data

Question 34

For a dataset with a normal distribution, which measure of central tendency is most suitable to represent the typical value?

Accepted Answer

Mean

Answer

Mode

Answer

Median

Question 35

A study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a new medication in lowering blood pressure. To compare the mean blood pressure before and after treatment in the same group of patients, which statistical test is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Paired t-test

Answer

ANOVA

Answer

Independent t-test

Answer

Chi-square test

Question 36

A researcher wants to explore the relationship between the number of hours worked weekly and stress levels among nurses. What statistical test would be most suitable for this analysis?

Accepted Answer

Correlation analysis

Answer

t-test

Answer

Regression analysis

Question 37

In hypothesis testing, what does a p-value less than 0.05 signify?

Accepted Answer

The results are statistically significant, leading to the rejection of the null hypothesis.

Answer

The study has a high probability of a Type II error.

Answer

The results are not statistically significant, and the null hypothesis is accepted.

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of linear regression analysis?

Accepted Answer

The dependent variable must be categorical.

Answer

The relationship between the variables is linear.

Answer

The residuals are normally distributed.

Answer

There is no multicollinearity among independent variables.

Question 39

In regression analysis, what does the R-squared value indicate?

Accepted Answer

The proportion of variance in the dependent variable explained by the independent variable(s).

Answer

The probability of obtaining the observed results by chance.

Answer

The strength of the relationship between the variables.

Question 40

Which of the following is a measure of variability within a dataset?

Accepted Answer

Standard deviation

Answer

Mean

Answer

Median

Answer

Frequency

Question 41

A researcher finds a statistically significant difference between two groups in a study. However, the effect size is small. What does this imply?

Accepted Answer

The difference between the groups is statistically significant but may not be practically important.

Answer

The study has low power.

Question 42

What is the primary purpose of conducting a power analysis in research?

Accepted Answer

To determine the minimum sample size needed to detect a statistically significant difference.

Answer

To analyze the relationship between two variables.

Answer

To test the normality of a dataset.