Qualitative Research Methods: Principles, Techniques, and Ethics

Question 1

What is a key advantage of using qualitative research methods?

Accepted Answer

Gaining deep insights into personal experiences and perspectives

Answer

Generalizing findings to a broader population

Answer

Collecting large amounts of data quickly and efficiently

Answer

Testing hypotheses statistically

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a typical data collection method used in qualitative research?

Accepted Answer

Online survey

Answer

Observational method

Answer

Interview method

Answer

Focus group method

Question 3

What is a key advantage of using qualitative research methods?

Accepted Answer

Explore complex phenomena in detail

Answer

Generate broadly applicable results

Answer

Necessitate large sample sizes

Answer

Require less time than quantitative research

Question 4

Which action is unethical in qualitative research?

Accepted Answer

Employing deceptive methods to collect data

Answer

Obtaining informed consent from participants

Answer

Protecting the confidentiality of data

Answer

Prioritizing the well-being of participants

Question 5

Which data collection method in qualitative research enables researchers to obtain detailed, personal insights from individual participants?

Accepted Answer

Interviews

Answer

Surveys

Answer

Focus Groups

Answer

Participant Observation

Question 6

Which of the following is a limitation of qualitative research methods?

Accepted Answer

Has limited generalizability to a larger population

Answer

Provides rich, in-depth data

Answer

Offers flexibility in data collection and analysis

Answer

Provides a comprehensive understanding of the research topic

Question 7

In qualitative research, which ethical principle ensures that participants have control over their involvement and decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Informed consent

Answer

Confidentiality

Answer

Assent

Answer

Anonymity

Question 8

Which is a major limitation of qualitative research methods?

Accepted Answer

Generalizing findings to a larger population

Answer

Providing rich and in-depth data

Answer

Exploring complex social phenomena

Answer

Being less time-consuming than quantitative methods

Question 9

Which research approach is commonly used to understand the experiences of cancer patients and improve their well-being during their illness and treatment?

Accepted Answer

Qualitative research

Answer

Simple random sampling

Answer

Systematic sampling

Answer

Longitudinal research

Question 10

Which characteristic is a key distinction between qualitative and quantitative research methods?

Accepted Answer

Non-numerical data

Answer

Large sample sizes

Answer

Statistical analyses

Answer

Hypothesis testing

Question 11

In qualitative research, which characteristic is unique to the Grounded Theory approach?

Accepted Answer

Collecting data mainly through interviews and observations

Answer

Formulating theories and hypotheses before data collection

Answer

Applying predetermined coding systems for data analysis

Answer

Focusing on quantitative data analysis and statistical testing

Question 12

Which characteristic is a defining feature of qualitative research methods?

Accepted Answer

Collection of in-depth, descriptive data

Answer

Reliance on statistical data analysis

Answer

Focus on generalizability to a larger population

Answer

Use of highly structured research instruments

Question 13

What makes qualitative research particularly valuable for understanding individual experiences and perspectives?

Accepted Answer

Its focus on providing detailed descriptions of individual experiences.

Answer

Its ability to draw conclusions that apply to large groups.

Answer

Its efficiency in terms of time and resources.

Answer

Its ease of replication by other researchers.

Question 14

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of quantitative research methods?

Accepted Answer

Primary focus on numerical data

Answer

Emphasis on subjective experiences and perspectives

Answer

Use of naturalistic settings for data collection

Answer

Flexibility in research design

Question 15

Which is a key advantage of qualitative research?

Accepted Answer

Provides in-depth analysis of a specific phenomenon

Answer

Less expensive than quantitative research

Answer

Provides objective findings that can be generalized

Answer

Easily replicated by other researchers

Question 16

What is a primary benefit of employing qualitative research methods?

Accepted Answer

Enables researchers to delve deeply into intricate social phenomena.

Answer

Yields statistical data applicable to a broader population.

Answer

Generates unbiased and dependable findings.

Answer

Is cost-effective and straightforward to conduct.

Question 17

Which of the following is a limitation of qualitative research methods?

Accepted Answer

Statistical generalizability

Answer

Flexibility and adaptability

Answer

Holistic and contextual understanding

Answer

Emphasis on subjective experiences

Question 18

In healthcare research, a key benefit of using qualitative research methods is:

Accepted Answer

Gathering detailed and rich data

Answer

Generalizability of findings to different groups

Answer

High objectivity and minimal researcher influence

Answer

Quick and simple data analysis

Question 19

In qualitative research, which ethical principle is crucial?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining participant confidentiality

Answer

Prioritizing the researcher's views over participants'

Answer

Using deceptive methods to gather data

Answer

Disregarding the research's potential impact on participants

Question 20

In qualitative research, which concept ensures that different researchers or raters arrive at similar interpretations and conclusions from the same data?

Accepted Answer

Inter-rater reliability

Answer

Confirmability

Answer

Peer debriefing

Answer

Triangulation

Question 21

Which is a key advantage of qualitative research over quantitative methods?

Accepted Answer

Ability to gather in-depth, detailed information

Answer

Greater precision and accuracy in the findings

Answer

Generalizing the findings to a larger population

Answer

Lower costs and resource requirements

Question 22

What is a defining characteristic of qualitative research methods?

Accepted Answer

Subjective interpretation of data

Answer

Emphasis on numerical data analysis

Answer

Generalizability of findings to a larger population

Answer

Use of random sampling techniques

Question 23

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of qualitative research methods?

Accepted Answer

Exploring the subjective experiences of participants

Answer

Using statistical analysis to test hypotheses

Answer

Drawing generalizable conclusions for a broader population

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a qualitative research method?

Accepted Answer

Regression analysis

Answer

Grounded theory

Answer

Phenomenology

Answer

Ethnography

Question 25

What key feature distinguishes qualitative research methods from quantitative research methods?

Accepted Answer

Concentrating on the subjective experiences of participants

Answer

Prioritizing objective, quantifiable variables

Answer

Aiming to generalize findings to a broader population

Answer

Employing statistical analysis for inferences

Question 26

What is a defining characteristic of qualitative research methods?

Accepted Answer

Participants actively contribute to the research process.

Answer

Findings can be generalized to a larger population.

Answer

Data is analyzed using statistical software.

Question 27

Qualitative research methods are particularly advantageous for studying complex social phenomena. Which of the following characteristics contributes to this strength?

Accepted Answer

Flexibility in data collection and analysis, enabling thorough exploration

Answer

Reliance on objective data collection methods like surveys

Answer

Generalizability of findings to large populations

Answer

Emphasis on statistical analysis and hypothesis testing

Question 28

Which statement about qualitative research methods is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

It emphasizes objectivity and aims to eliminate researcher bias.

Answer

It uses inductive reasoning to draw general principles from specific observations.

Answer

It seeks to gain an in-depth understanding of the experiences and perspectives of individuals or groups.

Question 29

In qualitative research, which ethical principle is most crucial?

Accepted Answer

Fully informing participants about the study's goals and data usage

Answer

Using only data from public sources

Answer

Conducting risk-free research

Question 30

What is a key advantage of using qualitative research methods?

Accepted Answer

Collecting detailed and comprehensive data

Answer

Generalizing findings to a large population

Answer

Guaranteeing objectivity and reliability of results

Answer

Being cost-effective and simple to implement

Question 31

What is a primary strength of narrative research methods?

Accepted Answer

Exploring the unique experiences and perspectives of individuals

Answer

Conducting statistical analyses of data

Question 32

In qualitative research, a primary concern for ensuring the reliability of the findings is:

Accepted Answer

Establishing a clear and transparent connection between data collection and interpretation

Answer

Ensuring the research design and methods can be easily duplicated by other researchers

Answer

Using standardized data collection tools across all participants

Question 33

Which characteristic sets ethnography apart as a qualitative research method?

Accepted Answer

Investigating the cultural and social context of a specific group or community

Answer

Emphasizing quantitative data collection techniques like surveys or experiments

Question 34

What is a key advantage of qualitative research methods?

Accepted Answer

Gaining a deep understanding of participants' experiences

Answer

Extracting quantitative data from qualitative data

Answer

Saving time compared to quantitative methods

Answer

Generalizing findings to a larger population

Question 35

Which qualitative research method is ideal for examining the lived experiences and viewpoints of a particular group of individuals?

Accepted Answer

Phenomenology

Answer

Survey research

Answer

Experimental research

Question 36

A key distinction between qualitative and quantitative research methods is that qualitative research:

Accepted Answer

Focuses less on generalizing findings

Answer

Employs deductive reasoning

Answer

Prioritizes objective measurement

Answer

Avoids using open-ended questions

Question 37

In qualitative research, which characteristic is central to the Grounded Theory approach?

Accepted Answer

Iterative process of data collection, analysis, and theory refinement

Answer

Reliance on established theories to guide research

Answer

Development of broad theories applicable to various contexts

Answer

Use of quantitative data to validate emerging theories

Question 38

In qualitative research, case study research primarily focuses on:

Accepted Answer

Examining a small number of cases in-depth to gain a comprehensive understanding of a phenomenon

Answer

Conducting large-scale surveys to collect data from a diverse range of participants

Answer

Employing statistical analysis to test hypotheses based on quantitative data

Question 39

Which strategy is NOT recommended to enhance the trustworthiness of qualitative research findings?

Accepted Answer

Ignoring researcher subjectivity

Answer

Triangulation of data sources

Answer

Peer review and debriefing

Answer

Researcher self-reflection and awareness

Question 40

What is a distinctive characteristic of phenomenology, a qualitative research method?

Accepted Answer

Exploring lived experiences to uncover the essence of a phenomenon

Answer

Examining social contexts to interpret subjective experiences

Answer

Formulating theories through data analysis from multiple sources

Answer

Observing social interactions to understand group dynamics

Question 41

What is a primary advantage of qualitative research methods?

Accepted Answer

Investigating intricate and subjective experiences

Answer

Generating generalizable findings

Answer

Ensuring objectivity and eliminating researcher bias

Answer

Being cost-effective and easy to implement

Question 42

What is a key characteristic of qualitative research methods?

Accepted Answer

Exploring subjective experiences and meanings

Answer

Relying on statistical data analysis

Answer

Focusing on objectivity and generalizability

Question 43

In qualitative research, which characteristic is unique to the Grounded Theory approach?

Accepted Answer

It involves ongoing data collection and analysis, with each step guiding the next.

Answer

It follows a deductive approach, testing predetermined hypotheses.

Answer

It solely utilizes quantitative data to develop theories.

Question 44

Which of the following is **NOT** a qualitative research data collection method?

Accepted Answer

Survey research

Answer

Narrative inquiry

Answer

Participant observation

Answer

Focus groups

Question 45

Which of the following is a limitation of qualitative research methods?

Accepted Answer

Generalizable findings to a larger population.

Answer

Provides in-depth understanding of complex phenomena.

Answer

Cost-effective and time-efficient.

Answer

Flexible and adaptable to changing research questions.

Question 46

In qualitative research, which of the following is crucial for establishing the reliability of the study's results?

Accepted Answer

Documenting the research process and participant selection transparently

Answer

Using random sampling to select participants

Answer

Replicating the study with a larger sample size

Answer

Conducting statistical analyses to test hypotheses

Question 47

To ensure the rigor of qualitative research, researchers must acknowledge their biases. Which strategy can effectively minimize researcher bias in qualitative studies?

Accepted Answer

Conducting member checking with participants

Answer

Solely relying on participant observation for data collection

Answer

Asking biased questions during interviews

Answer

Maintaining complete objectivity throughout the research process

Question 48

In qualitative educational research, a key advantage of using interviews is:

Accepted Answer

Enabling researchers to gain rich and in-depth insights into participants' experiences and perspectives

Answer

Providing a structured and standardized approach to data collection

Answer

Being less time-consuming and resource-intensive compared to other qualitative data collection methods

Question 49

Which characteristic is NOT associated with qualitative research methods?

Accepted Answer

Emphasis on objectivity and generalizability

Answer

Use of inductive reasoning

Answer

Focus on understanding human experiences from their own perspective

Answer

Employment of open-ended data collection methods

Question 50

Which qualitative research approach aims to develop a theory grounded in the data collected?

Accepted Answer

Grounded theory

Answer

Phenomenology

Answer

Ethnography

Answer

Narrative inquiry

Question 51

When conducting qualitative research, which ethical consideration is of utmost importance?

Accepted Answer

Respecting participants' privacy and confidentiality

Answer

Maintaining researcher objectivity

Answer

Ensuring a representative sample

Answer

Controlling for external variables

Question 52

What is the primary purpose of coding in qualitative data analysis?

Accepted Answer

Organizing and categorizing data for analysis

Answer

Testing hypotheses

Answer

Calculating statistical significance

Answer

Generating a quantitative summary of the data

Question 53

Which data collection method is commonly used in phenomenological research?

Accepted Answer

Semi-structured interviews

Answer

Participant observation

Answer

Focus groups

Answer

Document analysis

Question 54

In qualitative research, what is the role of the researcher?

Accepted Answer

To guide and facilitate the research process

Answer

To remain detached and unbiased

Answer

To impose their own interpretations on the data

Answer

To control for potential biases

Question 55

Which is a potential strength of qualitative research methods?

Accepted Answer

Rich and nuanced insights into individual experiences

Answer

Enhanced generalizability of findings

Answer

Ability to quantify human experiences

Answer

Time-efficient and cost-effective

Question 56

Under which circumstance is a qualitative research approach most suitable?

Accepted Answer

When seeking to gain insights into complex human experiences

Answer

When generalizing results to a large population

Answer

When testing a specific hypothesis

Answer

When data is primarily quantitative in nature

Question 57

How does qualitative research effectively explore complex social issues like poverty, discrimination, or social inequality?

Accepted Answer

By providing in-depth insights into the experiences and perspectives of individuals affected by social phenomena.

Answer

By generating statistical data to measure the prevalence and impact of social issues.

Answer

By testing hypotheses and drawing generalizable conclusions about social phenomena.

Answer

By identifying the root causes of social issues and developing evidence-based solutions.

Question 58

In qualitative research, why is inter-rater reliability crucial? Describe strategies to ensure its validity.

Accepted Answer

Providing clear coding and analysis instructions enhances inter-rater reliability.

Accepted Answer

Training researchers on protocols and data collection methods improves inter-rater reliability.

Answer

Inter-rater reliability is irrelevant in qualitative research due to its inherent subjectivity.

Answer

A large sample size compensates for any inter-rater reliability issues.

Question 59

Which of the following accurately describes a key principle of qualitative research?

Accepted Answer

Data collection primarily through observation and interviews

Answer

Statistical analysis of large quantitative datasets

Answer

Rigorous hypothesis testing

Answer

Measurement of variables using quantitative methods

Question 60

In which qualitative research approach is theory developed inductively based on observed data and constant comparison?

Accepted Answer

Grounded theory

Answer

Phenomenology

Answer

Ethnography

Answer

Case study

Question 61

In phenomenological research, the primary goal is to:

Accepted Answer

Understand the lived experiences of individuals

Answer

Examine relationships between variables

Answer

Determine the causes of a phenomenon

Answer

Establish the generalizability of findings

Question 62

Which data analysis technique is commonly employed in qualitative research to identify recurring themes and patterns?

Accepted Answer

Thematic analysis

Answer

Quantitative analysis

Answer

Regression analysis

Answer

Factor analysis

Question 63

Which qualitative research approach emphasizes exploring a phenomenon from the perspectives of multiple individuals?

Accepted Answer

Ethnography

Answer

Case study

Answer

Grounded theory

Answer

Phenomenology

Question 64

A defining characteristic of qualitative research is its emphasis on:

Accepted Answer

Subjective interpretation and understanding

Answer

Objective and measurable data

Answer

Statistical analysis and hypothesis testing

Answer

Generalizability to large populations