Master Allergic Reactions: Comprehensive Quizzes for Nursing Students

Question 1

In the development of atopic dermatitis, which type of immune cell is predominantly involved?

Accepted Answer

T cells, specifically Th2 cells

Answer

B cells, responsible for antibody production

Answer

Eosinophils, characterized by their inflammatory properties

Answer

Basophils, known for their role in IgE-mediated reactions

Question 2

Which characteristics are associated with an immediate hypersensitivity reaction?

Accepted Answer

Sudden onset

Accepted Answer

Involvement of IgE antibodies

Answer

Prolonged duration (lasting for days)

Answer

Low risk of life-threatening complications

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a feature characteristic of an immediate allergic hypersensitivity reaction?

Accepted Answer

Mediation by cytotoxic T cells

Answer

Involvement of IgE antibodies

Answer

Rapid onset (within minutes) after allergen exposure

Answer

Release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators

Question 4

What is the primary function of IgE antibodies in an allergic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Binding to allergens and triggering mast cell degranulation

Answer

Neutralizing allergens and preventing sensitization

Answer

Activating complement and promoting phagocytosis

Answer

Suppressing the immune response

Question 5

What is the most effective way to prevent allergic reactions in individuals with known allergies?

Accepted Answer

Avoidance of known allergens

Answer

Regular use of antihistamines

Answer

Gradual desensitization to allergens

Answer

Lifestyle changes (e.g., exercise, diet)

Question 6

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction?

Accepted Answer

Involvement of T cells and macrophages

Answer

Onset within minutes of allergen exposure

Answer

Mediated by neutrophils and eosinophils

Answer

Release of histamine and other immediate mediators

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an allergic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Production of autoantibodies

Answer

Histamine involvement

Answer

Elevated IgE antibody levels

Answer

Inflammation

Question 8

Which of the following is not a type of allergic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Cell-mediated hypersensitivity

Answer

IgE-mediated

Answer

Delayed type hypersensitivity

Answer

Non-IgE-mediated

Question 9

What is the recommended first-line treatment for anaphylaxis?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine injection

Answer

Oral antihistamines

Answer

Inhaled beta-agonists

Answer

Corticosteroids

Question 10

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing allergic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Family history of allergies

Answer

Exposure to environmental pollutants

Answer

Unhealthy diet

Answer

Insufficient physical activity

Question 11

Which mediator is primarily responsible for the immediate symptoms of an allergic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Histamine

Answer

Leukotrienes

Answer

Prostaglandins

Answer

Interleukin-5

Question 12

Which hypersensitivity reaction type is initiated by the activation of the complement cascade?

Accepted Answer

Type III

Answer

Type I

Answer

Type II

Answer

Type IV

Question 13

What is the process by which an individual develops sensitivity to an allergen called?

Accepted Answer

Sensitization

Answer

Immunization

Answer

Vaccination

Answer

Prophylaxis

Question 14

Which drug class prevents histamine release from mast cells and basophils?

Accepted Answer

Antihistamines

Answer

Beta-blockers

Answer

Corticosteroids

Answer

Anti-inflammatory drugs

Question 15

What is the term for a severe, life-threatening systemic allergic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Anaphylaxis

Answer

Urticaria

Answer

Angioedema

Answer

Contact dermatitis

Question 16

What is the primary goal of allergen immunotherapy?

Accepted Answer

To desensitize the individual to the allergen

Answer

To suppress the immune response to the allergen

Answer

To prevent the development of allergic reactions

Answer

To cure the underlying allergic disease

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a common environmental trigger for allergic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Sunlight

Answer

Pollen

Answer

Dust mites

Answer

Pet dander

Question 18

Identify the type of hypersensitivity reaction that does NOT involve IgE antibodies:

Accepted Answer

Type IV

Answer

Type I

Answer

Type II

Answer

Type III

Question 19

Which chemical mediator is primarily released by mast cells during an allergic response?

Accepted Answer

Histamine

Answer

Leukotrienes

Answer

Prostaglandins

Answer

Cytokines

Question 20

Which of the following mechanisms is not associated with non-IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions?

Accepted Answer

Mast cell degranulation

Answer

Complement activation

Answer

Immune complex formation

Answer

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity

Question 21

What is the primary aim of allergen immunotherapy?

Accepted Answer

Reduce sensitivity to specific allergens

Answer

Prevent future allergic reactions

Answer

Treat acute allergic reactions

Answer

Suppress the immune system

Question 22

Which of the following is NOT a type of IgE-mediated allergic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Eczema

Answer

Anaphylaxis

Answer

Asthma

Answer

Hay fever

Question 23

What is the primary chemical mediator released by mast cells during an IgE-mediated allergic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Histamine

Answer

Leukotrienes

Answer

Prostaglandins

Answer

Cytokines

Question 24

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of non-IgE-mediated hypersensitivity?

Accepted Answer

Mediated by complement activation

Answer

Involves antibody production

Answer

Rapid onset of symptoms

Answer

Can cause anaphylaxis

Question 25

Which of the following is a potential complication of allergic contact dermatitis?

Accepted Answer

Skin infection

Answer

Anaphylaxis

Answer

Asthma

Answer

Rhinitis

Question 26

What is the mechanism of action of inhaled corticosteroids in the treatment of allergic asthma?

Accepted Answer

Reduce inflammation in the airways

Answer

Inhibit mast cell degranulation

Answer

Increase airway smooth muscle relaxation

Answer

Enhance antibody production

Question 27

Which immune cell is primarily responsible for releasing histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins during allergic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Mast cells

Answer

Basophils

Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

Eosinophils

Question 28

Which type of allergic reaction is characterized by a delayed onset and involves tissue destruction and the formation of granulomas?

Accepted Answer

Type IV

Answer

Type I

Answer

Type II

Answer

Type III

Question 29

Which of the following is an example of a food item that can commonly trigger an allergic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Peanuts

Answer

Pollen

Answer

Dust mites

Answer

Pet dander

Question 30

Which of the following is a hallmark characteristic of atopic dermatitis?

Accepted Answer

Itchy, red, inflamed skin lesions

Answer

Nasal congestion and watery eyes

Answer

Shortness of breath and wheezing

Answer

Abdominal pain and diarrhea

Question 31

Antihistamines are commonly used in allergic reactions to:

Accepted Answer

Block the release of histamine from mast cells

Answer

Prevent the binding of allergens to IgE antibodies

Answer

Reduce inflammation and swelling

Answer

Boost the immune system's response

Question 32

Which of the following is a potentially life-threatening complication of a severe allergic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Anaphylaxis

Answer

Asthma exacerbation

Answer

Sepsis

Answer

Stroke

Question 33

Which characteristic feature is NOT associated with an IgE-mediated allergic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Presence of neutrophils and macrophages

Answer

Immediate onset within minutes of exposure

Answer

Reversible narrowing of the airways (bronchospasm)

Answer

Direct involvement of mast cells and basophils

Question 34

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves activation of the complement system and neutrophils?

Accepted Answer

Type III

Answer

Type I

Answer

Type II

Answer

Type IV

Question 35

What is the primary chemical mediator released by mast cells during an allergic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Histamine

Answer

Leukotrienes

Answer

Prostaglandins

Answer

Cytokines

Question 36

What is the immediate first-line treatment for anaphylaxis?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Answer

Antihistamines

Answer

Corticosteroids

Answer

Bronchodilators

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a known risk factor for developing allergic rhinitis commonly known as hay fever?

Accepted Answer

High body mass index (obesity)

Answer

Family history of allergies

Answer

Exposure to environmental allergens (e.g., pollen, dust mites)

Answer

Active smoking

Question 38

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by a delayed onset, typically hours to days, and involves the activation of T-lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

Type IV

Answer

Type I

Answer

Type II

Answer

Type III

Question 39

What is the primary role of histamine in allergic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Dilation of blood vessels and increased vascular permeability

Answer

Constriction of airways and increased mucus production

Answer

Recruitment and activation of inflammatory cells

Answer

Prevention of mast cell degranulation

Question 40

Which of the following is considered a non-IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction?

Accepted Answer

Delayed-type hypersensitivity

Answer

Anaphylaxis

Answer

Serum sickness

Answer

Asthma

Question 41

What is the main mechanism of action of antihistamines in treating allergic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Blocking histamine receptors

Answer

Preventing mast cell degranulation

Answer

Neutralizing IgE antibodies

Answer

Suppressing inflammatory cytokine production

Question 42

What is the primary function of IgE antibodies in the development of allergic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Binding to allergens and triggering mast cell degranulation

Answer

Neutralizing allergens and preventing sensitization

Answer

Suppressing the inflammatory response

Answer

Activating complement and enhancing phagocytosis

Question 43

What is the first-line treatment for managing an acute allergic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Answer

Antihistamines

Answer

Corticosteroids

Answer

Bronchodilators

Question 44

Which of the following is a method of desensitization used to reduce allergic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Immunotherapy (allergy shots)

Answer

Oral tolerance induction

Answer

Plasmapheresis

Answer

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)

Question 45

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction typically exhibits a delayed onset (12-72 hours post-allergen exposure)?

Accepted Answer

Type IV

Answer

Type I

Answer

Type II

Answer

Type III

Question 46

What is the primary mechanism through which histamine contributes to allergic reactions?

Accepted Answer

Promoting vasodilation and increasing vascular permeability

Answer

Contracting smooth muscles

Answer

Recruiting inflammatory cells

Answer

Activating the complement system

Question 47

Which hypersensitivity type is characterized by antibody binding to cell-surface antigens, leading to cell destruction?

Accepted Answer

Type II

Answer

Type I

Answer

Type III

Answer

Type IV

Question 48

A patient presents with hives, itching, and swelling after eating shellfish. Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Type I (immediate) hypersensitivity

Answer

Type III (immune complex-mediated) hypersensitivity

Answer

Type IV (delayed-type) hypersensitivity

Answer

Type II (cytotoxic) hypersensitivity

Question 49

Which antibody is primarily involved in the immediate allergic response?

Accepted Answer

IgE

Answer

IgM

Answer

IgG

Answer

IgA

Question 50

Which of the following cells are responsible for releasing histamine and other inflammatory mediators during an allergic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Mast cells

Answer

Macrophages

Answer

Neutrophils

Answer

B lymphocytes

Question 51

Which of the following is an example of a non-IgE-mediated allergic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Contact dermatitis from poison ivy

Answer

Food allergy to shellfish

Answer

Bee sting allergy

Question 52

A patient with a history of allergic rhinitis is experiencing nasal congestion, sneezing, and watery eyes. Which of the following is a common trigger for this type of allergic reaction?

Accepted Answer

Pollen

Answer

Insect venom

Answer

Latex

Answer

Penicillin

Question 53

Which of the following is the most appropriate first-line treatment for a severe allergic reaction, such as anaphylaxis?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Antihistamines

Answer

Corticosteroids

Answer

Bronchodilators

Question 54

A patient with a suspected allergy to peanuts undergoes skin prick testing. What is the primary purpose of this test?

Accepted Answer

To identify the specific allergen causing the reaction

Answer

To determine the severity of the allergy

Answer

To monitor the progression of the allergy

Question 55

A patient with a history of severe allergies is prescribed an epinephrine auto-injector. What instructions should the nurse provide to the patient regarding the use of this device?

Accepted Answer

Administer the injection into the thigh, even through clothing if necessary, in case of an allergic reaction.

Answer

Administer the injection only if the patient experiences mild symptoms.

Answer

Administer the injection intravenously if possible.