Microbial Structure and Function: Interactive Learning Quizzes for Nursing Students

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the bacterial cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Regulates nutrient exchange

Answer

Maintains cell shape

Answer

Protects the cell from bursting

Answer

Adheres to surfaces

Question 2

The cytoplasmic membrane of microbial cells primarily functions to:

Accepted Answer

Create a barrier between the cytoplasm and the external environment

Answer

Generate energy through ATP synthesis

Answer

Replicate cellular DNA

Answer

Synthesize proteins

Question 3

Which of the following organelles is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 4

The cytoplasm of a microbial cell contains:

Accepted Answer

Cytosol, organelles, and ribosomes

Answer

Nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Plasma membrane, cell wall, and cytoplasm

Answer

Ribosomes, chromosomes, and cytoplasm

Question 5

The ribosomes of bacterial cells are composed of:

Accepted Answer

RNA and proteins

Answer

DNA and lipids

Answer

Carbohydrates and proteins

Answer

Amino acids and nucleotides

Question 6

The bacterial endospore is formed in response to:

Accepted Answer

Nutrient deprivation and stress

Answer

Favorable environmental conditions

Answer

Exposure to antibiotics

Answer

Viral infection

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a component of the microbial cell wall?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Answer

Peptidoglycan

Answer

Lipoteichoic acid

Answer

Teichoic acid

Question 8

The primary function of the plasma membrane in microbial cells is to:

Accepted Answer

Regulate the exchange of substances with the external environment

Answer

Synthesize proteins

Answer

Store genetic material

Answer

Metabolize nutrients

Question 9

The distinguishing characteristic of Gram-positive bacterial cell walls is their:

Accepted Answer

High peptidoglycan content

Answer

Lipopolysaccharide outer membrane

Answer

Teichoic acid layer

Answer

Absence of peptidoglycan

Question 10

A key structural difference between archaeal and bacterial cells is the:

Accepted Answer

Absence of lipoteichoic acid in archaeal cells

Answer

Presence of a nucleus in bacterial cells

Answer

Absence of DNA in bacterial cells

Answer

Presence of ribosomes in archaeal cells

Question 11

The cytoplasm of microbial cells primarily consists of:

Accepted Answer

Water, ions, and proteins

Answer

Lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids

Answer

Peptidoglycan, teichoic acid, and lipoteichoic acid

Answer

DNA, RNA, and ribosomes

Question 12

The bacterial nucleoid is primarily composed of:

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

RNA

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Lipids

Question 13

The capsule or slime layer surrounding microbial cells is primarily composed of:

Accepted Answer

Polysaccharides or proteins

Answer

Lipids or carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins or nucleic acids

Answer

Peptidoglycan or teichoic acid

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a component of the microbial cell envelope in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Cell wall

Answer

Plasma membrane

Answer

Glycocalyx

Question 15

Which of the following is a primary function of the cytoplasmic membrane in microbial cells?

Accepted Answer

Transport of nutrients

Answer

Energy production

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

DNA replication

Question 16

The ribosomes found in prokaryotic microbial cells are:

Accepted Answer

70S

Answer

80S

Answer

90S

Answer

100S

Question 17

The process by which bacteria transfer genetic material through direct cell-to-cell contact is called:

Accepted Answer

Conjugation

Answer

Transformation

Answer

Transduction

Answer

Transversion

Question 18

The ability of bacteria to adhere to surfaces and form communities is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Biofilm formation

Answer

Quorum sensing

Answer

Horizontal gene transfer

Answer

Genetic recombination

Question 19

Which of the following antimicrobial agents primarily targets the synthesis of bacterial cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Penicillin

Answer

Tetracycline

Answer

Erythromycin

Answer

Vancomycin

Question 20

Which component of the microbial cell wall provides structural support and protection?

Accepted Answer

Peptidoglycan

Answer

Teichoic acid

Answer

Phospholipid

Answer

Lipoteichoic acid

Question 21

What is the primary function of the cell membrane in microbial cells?

Accepted Answer

Regulate the passage of nutrients and waste

Answer

Generate energy

Answer

Store genetic material

Answer

Synthesize proteins

Question 22

What is the primary function of flagella in microbial cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell movement

Answer

Sensing the environment

Answer

Transporting nutrients

Answer

Storing energy

Question 23

What is the primary purpose of plasmids in microbial cells?

Accepted Answer

Carry non-essential genes

Answer

Replicate the microbial genome

Answer

Regulate gene expression

Question 24

Which bacterial cell division method results in two genetically identical daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Conjugation

Answer

Sporulation

Answer

Budding

Question 25

What is the primary role of the capsule in microbial cells?

Accepted Answer

Attachment and protection

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Waste removal

Answer

Energy storage