Anti-Infective Drugs: Pharmacology for Nurses

Question 1

Penicillin works by inhibiting which bacterial process?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall synthesis

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

DNA synthesis

Answer

RNA synthesis

Question 2

Which antibiotic covers a wide range of bacterial infections?

Accepted Answer

Ciprofloxacin

Answer

Vancomycin

Answer

Erythromycin

Answer

Linezolid

Question 3

When administering antiviral medications, which nursing action is crucial?

Accepted Answer

Monitoring for skin rash

Answer

Assessing fluid intake and output

Answer

Checking liver function

Answer

Promoting frequent urination

Question 4

Which medication is primarily used to combat fungal infections?

Accepted Answer

Fluconazole

Answer

Acyclovir

Answer

Tetracycline

Answer

Ciprofloxacin

Question 5

When administering antibiotics to pregnant women, a major concern is:

Accepted Answer

Birth defects

Answer

Premature birth

Answer

Increased infection risk

Answer

Maternal toxicity

Question 6

Which of the following anti-infective drugs is primarily used to treat urinary tract infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Ciprofloxacin

Answer

Macrolides

Answer

Penicillin

Answer

Vancomycin

Question 7

What is the primary mechanism of action of penicillin?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis

Answer

Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis

Answer

Disruption of bacterial cell membrane

Answer

Inhibition of bacterial DNA replication

Question 8

Which of the following adverse effects is primarily associated with the use of vancomycin?

Accepted Answer

Nephrotoxicity

Answer

Ototoxicity

Answer

Gastrointestinal upset

Answer

Anaphylaxis

Question 9

Which of the following anti-infective drugs is contraindicated in patients with a history of seizures?

Accepted Answer

Quinolones

Answer

Clindamycin

Answer

Erythromycin

Answer

Metronidazole

Question 10

Differentiate between bactericidal and bacteriostatic anti-infective drugs.

Accepted Answer

Bactericidal drugs kill bacteria, while bacteriostatic drugs inhibit their growth.

Answer

Bacteriostatic drugs kill bacteria, while bactericidal drugs inhibit their growth.

Answer

Bactericidal drugs inhibit bacterial cell division, while bacteriostatic drugs kill bacteria.

Answer

Bacteriostatic drugs inhibit bacterial cell division, while bactericidal drugs kill bacteria.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a primary mechanism of action of antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

Enhancement of phagocytosis

Answer

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

Answer

Inhibition of protein synthesis

Answer

Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis

Question 12

Which of the following antibiotics is considered broad-spectrum?

Accepted Answer

Ceftriaxone

Answer

Penicillin

Answer

Erythromycin

Answer

Vancomycin

Question 13

Which of the following antiviral drugs is used to treat herpes simplex virus infections?

Accepted Answer

Acyclovir

Answer

Zidovudine

Answer

Ganciclovir

Answer

Ribavirin

Question 14

Which of the following antiparasitic drugs is used to treat malaria?

Accepted Answer

Chloroquine

Answer

Metronidazole

Answer

Pyrimethamine

Answer

Albendazole

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a primary mechanism of action for antimicrobial drugs?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of immune system function

Answer

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

Answer

Inhibition of protein synthesis

Answer

Inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis

Question 16

Which of the following antibiotics has a broad spectrum of activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Ciprofloxacin

Answer

Vancomycin

Answer

Clindamycin

Answer

Erythromycin

Question 17

What is the primary mechanism of action of antiviral drugs?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of viral replication

Answer

Inhibition of viral attachment to host cells

Answer

Stimulation of the immune system

Answer

Destruction of viral particles

Question 18

What is the first-line treatment for a Candida yeast infection?

Accepted Answer

Fluconazole

Answer

Itraconazole

Answer

Terbinafine

Answer

Griseofulvin

Question 19

Select the drug primarily utilized to treat viral infections.

Accepted Answer

Acyclovir

Answer

Amoxicillin

Answer

Ciprofloxacin

Answer

Nystatin

Question 20

Which adverse effect is most commonly associated with aminoglycosides?

Accepted Answer

Ototoxicity

Answer

Nephrotoxicity

Answer

Gastrointestinal upset

Answer

Rash

Question 21

Antibacterial drugs work in several ways to fight bacterial infections. Which of these is NOT a primary way these drugs work?

Accepted Answer

Boosting the body's immune system

Answer

Stopping bacteria from building cell walls

Answer

Blocking bacteria from making proteins

Answer

Interfering with bacteria's ability to make DNA and RNA

Question 22

Which of the following is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Amoxicillin

Answer

Azithromycin

Answer

Gentamicin

Answer

Vancomycin

Question 23

Which of the following is a viral infection that can be treated with acyclovir?

Accepted Answer

Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

Answer

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Answer

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)

Answer

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Question 24

Which of the following is a parasitic infection that can be treated with albendazole?

Accepted Answer

Hookworm infection

Answer

Giardiasis

Answer

Malaria

Answer

Schistosomiasis

Question 25

When administering metronidazole, which of the following dietary restrictions should be emphasized to patients?

Accepted Answer

Avoiding alcohol

Answer

Limiting caffeine intake

Answer

Avoiding foods high in tyramine

Answer

Restricting dairy products

Question 26

Which of the following accurately describes the mechanism of action of penicillin antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

They inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis, a vital component of bacterial cell walls, leading to cell death.

Answer

They inhibit protein synthesis by interfering with ribosomes, halting bacterial protein production.

Answer

They damage the cell membrane, causing the leakage of essential cellular components and cell death.

Answer

They interfere with DNA replication, disrupting bacterial growth and reproduction.

Question 27

Which of the following antibiotics is considered a narrow-spectrum agent, targeting a specific range of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Vancomycin, which primarily targets Gram-positive bacteria

Answer

Ciprofloxacin, which exhibits broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria

Answer

Doxycycline, which has a broad spectrum of activity against a wide range of bacteria

Answer

Sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, which is effective against various Gram-negative and some Gram-positive bacteria

Question 28

Which of the following drugs is the first-line treatment for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections?

Accepted Answer

Vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic

Answer

Amoxicillin-clavulanate, a penicillin-based antibiotic

Answer

Ciprofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic

Answer

Erythromycin, a macrolide antibiotic

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT classified as an antiretroviral drug?

Accepted Answer

Ampicillin, a penicillin-based antibiotic

Answer

Zidovudine, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Answer

Lamivudine, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Answer

Efavirenz, a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor

Question 30

What is the primary target of antiviral drugs, the molecules they aim to inhibit?

Accepted Answer

Viral DNA polymerase, an enzyme essential for viral DNA replication

Answer

Viral capsid proteins, the protein coat surrounding the viral genome

Answer

Viral protease, an enzyme responsible for cleaving viral proteins

Answer

Viral integrase, an enzyme involved in integrating viral DNA into host DNA

Question 31

Penicillin's mechanism of action primarily involves:

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

Answer

Blockage of DNA replication

Answer

Alteration of cell membrane permeability

Answer

Inhibition of protein synthesis

Question 32

When administering metronidazole, a critical nursing consideration is:

Accepted Answer

Monitoring for disulfiram-like reactions

Answer

Ensuring adequate hydration

Answer

Checking for electrolyte imbalances

Answer

Preventing drug-drug interactions

Question 33

Bactericidal and bacteriostatic antibiotics differ in their:

Accepted Answer

Ability to kill versus inhibit bacterial growth

Answer

Spectrum of activity

Answer

Effectiveness in treating infections

Answer

Frequency of administration

Question 34

A patient presents with a urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by Escherichia coli. Which antibiotic is most effective in treating this infection?

Accepted Answer

Ciprofloxacin

Answer

Vancomycin

Answer

Metronidazole

Answer

Erythromycin

Question 35

Which of the following mechanisms is NOT used by anti-infective drugs?

Accepted Answer

Activation of the immune system

Answer

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis

Answer

Disruption of protein synthesis

Answer

Interference with DNA or RNA metabolism

Question 36

Which of the following is a distinguishing feature of viral infections?

Accepted Answer

They can be spread through contact with respiratory droplets

Answer

They are caused by bacteria

Answer

They are treatable with antibiotics

Answer

They are typically accompanied by high fever

Question 37

Which antifungal drug is commonly used to treat Candida infections?

Accepted Answer

Fluconazole

Answer

Amphotericin B

Answer

Vancomycin

Answer

Ciprofloxacin

Question 38

Which agent is commonly used to treat parasitic infections caused by protozoa?

Accepted Answer

Metronidazole

Answer

Vancomycin

Answer

Fluconazole

Answer

Ciprofloxacin

Question 39

Which type of pathogen is likely to exhibit resistance to antifungal medications?

Accepted Answer

Fungi

Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Viruses

Answer

Parasites

Question 40

Which parasitic infection is commonly transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito?

Accepted Answer

Malaria

Answer

Schistosomiasis

Answer

Trypanosomiasis

Answer

Leishmaniasis

Question 41

The mechanism of action of penicillin involves:

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis

Answer

Inhibition of bacterial DNA synthesis

Answer

Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis

Answer

Inactivation of bacterial enzymes

Question 42

Which of the following antibiotics has the most narrow spectrum of activity?

Accepted Answer

Vancomycin

Answer

Imipenem

Answer

Levofloxacin

Answer

Amoxicillin

Question 43

The first-line treatment for pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae is:

Accepted Answer

Amoxicillin

Answer

Levofloxacin

Answer

Azithromycin

Answer

Doxycycline

Question 44

An example of a common antifungal agent is:

Accepted Answer

Fluconazole

Answer

Metronidazole

Answer

Vancomycin

Answer

Azithromycin

Question 45

A potential interaction between antimicrobial drugs and warfarin is:

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of bleeding

Answer

Decreased risk of bleeding

Answer

No interaction

Answer

Increased risk of thrombosis

Question 46

Which of the following adverse effects is **not** common to all antiviral drugs?

Accepted Answer

Photosensitivity

Answer

Myelosuppression

Answer

Nephrotoxicity

Answer

Hepatotoxicity

Question 47

Which of the following drugs is used to treat **viral** infections?

Accepted Answer

Tamiflu

Answer

Fluconazole

Answer

Doxycycline

Answer

Meropenem

Question 48

Which of the following is **not** a priority nursing intervention for a patient receiving an antiparasitic drug?

Accepted Answer

Administering the drug with food

Answer

Monitoring for skin rash

Answer

Maintaining adequate hydration

Answer

Educating the patient on avoiding uncooked meat

Question 49

Which of the following is the primary mechanism of action of penicillin?

Accepted Answer

Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes

Answer

Disrupts the cell membrane by altering its permeability

Answer

Inhibits DNA synthesis by interfering with the DNA gyrase enzyme

Answer

Inhibits RNA synthesis by binding to the RNA polymerase enzyme

Question 50

Which antibiotic has the broadest spectrum of activity, covering both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Tetracycline

Answer

Penicillin

Answer

Vancomycin

Answer

Erythromycin

Question 51

What is the most common adverse effect associated with aminoglycoside antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

Ototoxicity (damage to hearing and balance)

Answer

Nephrotoxicity (damage to the kidneys)

Answer

Myelosuppression (decreased production of blood cells)

Answer

Cardiotoxicity (damage to the heart)

Question 52

What is the primary mechanism of action of antifungal medications?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of cell wall synthesis, which is essential for fungal growth and survival

Answer

Disruption of the cell membrane, leading to leakage of cell contents

Answer

Inhibition of protein synthesis, interfering with fungal metabolism

Answer

Inhibition of DNA synthesis, preventing fungal replication

Question 53

Which of the following is a contraindication to the use of fluconazole, an antifungal medication?

Accepted Answer

Concurrent use with terfenadine (an antihistamine)

Answer

Pregnancy

Answer

Lactation (breastfeeding)

Answer

Severe renal impairment (kidney dysfunction)

Question 54

What is the mechanism of action of sulfa drugs, a class of antibiotics that have been used for decades to treat bacterial infections?

Accepted Answer

Competitive inhibition of bacterial folate synthesis, which is essential for bacterial growth

Answer

Disruption of cell membrane permeability, leading to leakage of cell contents

Answer

Inhibition of protein synthesis, interfering with bacterial metabolism

Answer

Inhibition of DNA synthesis, preventing bacterial replication

Question 55

Which of the following is an appropriate indication for the use of daptomycin, an antibiotic specifically developed to treat serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections

Answer

Pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (a Gram-negative bacterium)

Answer

Urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli (a Gram-negative bacterium)

Answer

Meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis (a Gram-negative bacterium)

Question 56

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action of penicillin?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis

Answer

Inhibition of protein synthesis

Answer

Inhibition of DNA replication

Answer

Inhibition of RNA transcription

Question 57

Which of the following best classifies acyclovir?

Accepted Answer

Antiviral

Answer

Antibacterial

Answer

Antifungal

Answer

Antiparasitic

Question 58

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus)?

Accepted Answer

Resistance to methicillin

Answer

Gram-negative

Answer

Anaerobic

Answer

Streptococcal

Question 59

Which of the following is considered an appropriate indication for the use of antimalarial drugs?

Accepted Answer

Malaria

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Urinary tract infections

Answer

Skin infections

Question 60

When administering an antifungal medication, which of the following nursing considerations is most relevant?

Accepted Answer

Monitoring for potential liver function alterations

Answer

Ensuring adequate hydration

Answer

Checking for hypersensitivity

Answer

Monitoring for electrolyte imbalances

Question 61

Which of the following accurately describes the primary mechanism of action for penicillin?

Accepted Answer

Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis

Answer

Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis

Answer

Inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis

Answer

Inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis

Question 62

Ototoxicity is a known adverse effect associated with which class of antibiotics?

Accepted Answer

Aminoglycosides

Answer

Penicillins

Answer

Cephalosporins

Answer

Macrolides