Drug Effects and Adverse Reactions: A Comprehensive Guide for Nursing Students

Question 1

Which of the following mechanisms is primarily responsible for metabolizing drugs in the liver?

Accepted Answer

Phase I reactions

Answer

Phase II reactions

Answer

Phase III reactions

Question 2

How does aspirin exert its anti-inflammatory effects?

Accepted Answer

Inhibits cyclooxygenase enzymes

Answer

Enhances lipoxygenase activity

Answer

Increases prostaglandin production

Answer

Activates thromboxane receptors

Question 3

Which adverse reaction is commonly associated with the use of opioid analgesics like morphine?

Accepted Answer

Constipation

Answer

Frequent urination

Answer

Anxiety

Answer

Tachycardia

Question 4

What is the primary pharmacological effect of beta-blockers?

Accepted Answer

Blockade of beta-1 adrenergic receptors

Answer

Activation of beta-2 adrenergic receptors

Answer

Inhibition of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors

Answer

Stimulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

Question 5

Which factors can influence the onset and duration of drug effects?

Accepted Answer

Both options 1 and 2

Answer

Route of administration

Answer

Patient's age

Answer

Patient's weight

Question 6

When educating patients about drug effects and adverse reactions, which approach is essential?

Accepted Answer

Providing clear and concise information

Answer

Using complex medical terms to demonstrate expertise

Answer

Avoiding discussions about potential side effects

Answer

Highlighting the patient's lack of medical knowledge

Question 7

Aspirin's anti-inflammatory effect is primarily due to its inhibition of which cellular process?

Accepted Answer

Prostaglandin synthesis

Answer

Leukotriene synthesis

Answer

Lipoxygenase synthesis

Answer

Thromboxane synthesis

Question 8

Which nursing intervention is most appropriate for managing nausea and vomiting as an adverse drug reaction?

Accepted Answer

Administering antiemetic medication

Answer

Encouraging increased fluid intake

Answer

Monitoring the patient's vital signs

Answer

Informing the physician of the reaction

Question 9

Drugs with a narrow therapeutic index are characterized by:

Accepted Answer

A small margin between therapeutic and toxic doses

Answer

A wide margin between therapeutic and toxic doses

Answer

A high potential for adverse reactions

Answer

A low potential for dependence

Question 10

Which class of drugs has the highest risk of causing physical dependence?

Accepted Answer

Central nervous system depressants

Answer

Antipsychotics

Answer

Anticholinergics

Answer

Antihistamines

Question 11

Which of the following medications is known to have teratogenic effects?

Accepted Answer

Thalidomide

Answer

Ibuprofen

Answer

Acetaminophen

Answer

Warfarin

Question 12

Grapefruit juice can inhibit the metabolism of drugs metabolized by which enzyme system?

Accepted Answer

Cytochrome P450

Answer

Monoamine oxidase

Answer

UDP-glucuronosyltransferase

Answer

Sulfotransferase

Question 13

Hives are a common sign of which type of adverse drug reaction?

Accepted Answer

Allergic reaction

Answer

Toxic reaction

Answer

Idiosyncratic reaction

Answer

Synergistic reaction

Question 14

When a patient experiences a seizure as an adverse drug reaction, the nurse's immediate priority should be to:

Accepted Answer

Protect the patient from injury

Answer

Administer anticonvulsant medication

Answer

Call for emergency medical services

Answer

Position the patient on their side

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a type of drug interaction?

Accepted Answer

Pharmacodynamic

Answer

Synergistic

Answer

Additive

Answer

Antagonistic

Question 16

Identify the primary mechanism by which drugs exert their effects.

Accepted Answer

Interaction with receptors

Answer

Modifying gene expression

Answer

Binding to DNA

Answer

Altering cellular metabolism

Question 17

Classify the following adverse drug reaction categories: Type A, Type B, Type C, Type D

Accepted Answer

Type A, Type B, Type C, Type D

Answer

Local, Systemic, Allergic, Idiosyncratic

Answer

Mild, Moderate, Severe, Life-threatening

Question 18

In the event of an anaphylactic reaction, the immediate first-line treatment is:

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Answer

Corticosteroids

Answer

Antihistamines

Answer

Bronchodilators

Question 19

Which approach is most effective in preventing adverse drug reactions?

Accepted Answer

Careful medication reconciliation

Answer

Ignoring patient allergies

Answer

Using unlabeled medications

Answer

Administering all medications at once

Question 20

Identify a common indication of a potential drug interaction:

Accepted Answer

Unexpected change in drug effectiveness

Answer

Improvement in patient's condition

Answer

Patient feeling more alert

Answer

Absence of side effects

Question 21

Define the half-life of a drug:

Accepted Answer

The time required for the drug concentration in the body to decrease by half

Answer

The total length of time the drug remains in the body

Answer

The time it takes for the drug to reach peak concentration in the body

Question 22

Which adverse effect is commonly associated with opioid medications?

Accepted Answer

Constipation

Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Nausea

Question 23

What is the purpose of the therapeutic index?

Accepted Answer

Measuring the safety of a drug

Answer

Indicating the dose required for a desired response

Answer

Determining the time needed for a drug to take effect

Answer

Evaluating a drug's effectiveness

Question 24

What is a primary objective of adverse drug reaction monitoring?

Accepted Answer

Identifying and reducing the incidence of adverse drug reactions

Answer

Punishing healthcare professionals for medication errors

Answer

Increasing the cost of medications

Question 25

A patient is prescribed medication X, known to be a potent enzyme inducer. What potential effect may medication X have on drug Y, which is metabolized by the same enzyme?

Accepted Answer

Decreased therapeutic effect of drug Y

Answer

Increased therapeutic effect of drug Y

Answer

No significant change in the effect of drug Y

Answer

Unpredictable effects on the therapeutic effect of drug Y

Question 26

Which of the following individuals has the highest risk of experiencing an adverse drug reaction (ADR)?

Accepted Answer

A 78-year-old male with multiple chronic conditions, taking various medications and with reduced kidney function.

Answer

A 25-year-old female taking a birth control pill daily.

Question 27

A patient receiving morphine for pain management experiences respiratory depression. What category of drug effect does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Dose-related adverse effect

Answer

Drug tolerance

Answer

Idiosyncratic reaction

Answer

Allergic reaction

Question 28

Which route of drug administration typically results in the most rapid onset of action?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous

Answer

Oral

Answer

Subcutaneous

Answer

Transdermal

Question 29

A drug that binds to a receptor, preventing the action of a naturally occurring substance, is known as a:

Accepted Answer

Antagonist

Answer

Agonist

Answer

Enzyme inhibitor

Answer

Partial agonist

Question 30

A patient develops severe itching and hives after taking penicillin. What type of adverse drug reaction is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Allergic reaction

Answer

Toxic effect

Answer

Side effect

Answer

Idiosyncratic reaction

Question 31

The therapeutic index of a drug primarily indicates its:

Accepted Answer

Safety margin

Answer

Bioavailability

Answer

Efficacy

Answer

Potency

Question 32

Which of the following is a frequently reported adverse effect associated with opioid analgesics?

Accepted Answer

Constipation

Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Insomnia

Answer

Hypertension

Question 33

The process by which the body eliminates a drug from its system is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Excretion

Answer

Metabolism

Answer

Absorption

Answer

Distribution

Question 34

A patient taking a medication experiences a severe allergic response. What is the most likely cause of this reaction?

Accepted Answer

An allergic response to a component of the medication

Answer

A medication dosage error by the nurse

Answer

The patient's pre-existing medical conditions

Answer

An interaction with another medication

Question 35

A patient reports experiencing nausea and vomiting after taking a new medication. Which type of adverse drug reaction is this most likely?

Accepted Answer

Side effect

Answer

Idiosyncratic reaction

Answer

Toxic effect

Answer

Allergic reaction

Question 36

A patient is taking a medication known to cause hepatotoxicity. Which of the following actions should the nurse prioritize?

Accepted Answer

Monitor liver function tests regularly.

Answer

Administer the medication with food.

Answer

Encourage increased fluid intake.

Answer

Assess for signs of infection.

Question 37

Which of the following factors is most likely to influence a patient's response to a medication?

Accepted Answer

Age

Answer

Gender

Answer

Ethnicity

Answer

Education level

Question 38

A patient is taking a medication that is metabolized by the liver. Which of the following could potentially affect the medication's effectiveness?

Accepted Answer

Liver disease

Answer

Gastrointestinal upset

Answer

Respiratory infection

Answer

Kidney disease

Question 39

A patient is taking a medication that is excreted by the kidneys. Which of the following could potentially lead to an accumulation of the medication in the body?

Accepted Answer

Kidney dysfunction

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Heart failure

Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which drugs exert their effects?

Accepted Answer

Changing the patient's age

Answer

Binding to receptors

Answer

Altering gene expression

Answer

Interfering with metabolism

Question 41

The onset of action is the time it takes for a drug to:

Accepted Answer

Reach its peak effect

Answer

Be metabolized

Answer

Be excreted

Answer

Be absorbed into the body

Question 42

What is the first step in managing an ADR?

Accepted Answer

Identify the offending drug

Answer

Notify the patient's physician

Answer

Discontinue the drug

Answer

Treat the symptoms

Question 43

Which of the following is an example of an idiosyncratic ADR?

Accepted Answer

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Answer

Rash

Answer

Nausea

Answer

Dizziness

Question 44

What is the purpose of a drug interaction study?

Accepted Answer

To evaluate the potential for interactions between two or more drugs

Answer

To determine the efficacy of a new drug

Answer

To assess the safety of a new drug

Question 45

What is the role of the pharmacist in managing drug interactions?

Accepted Answer

Reviewing patient medication profiles for potential interactions

Answer

Monitoring patients for signs of drug interactions

Answer

Prescribing medications