Memory Management: Master the Fundamentals of Memory Allocation

Question 1

An operating system is using a demand paging scheme. What is the primary advantage of demand paging over pre-paging?

Accepted Answer

Reduced memory overhead and improved performance

Answer

Increased memory overhead and improved performance

Answer

Reduced memory overhead and degraded performance

Answer

Increased memory overhead and degraded performance

Question 2

In a virtual memory system, what is the primary role of a page table?

Accepted Answer

To map virtual memory addresses to physical memory addresses

Answer

To store the contents of the pages in main memory

Answer

To manage the allocation of physical memory frames

Answer

To implement memory protection mechanisms

Question 3

Which memory management technique divides memory into fixed-sized units called pages?

Accepted Answer

Paging

Answer

Segmentation

Answer

Virtual memory

Answer

Swapping

Question 4

What is the main benefit of using virtual memory in an operating system?

Accepted Answer

It increases the amount of physical memory available to processes beyond the physical memory capacity

Answer

It reduces the number of page faults that occur in the system

Answer

It improves the performance of memory-intensive applications

Answer

It enhances the security of the system by isolating processes

Question 5

Which of the following is a typical performance metric used to evaluate the efficiency of page replacement algorithms?

Accepted Answer

Page fault rate

Answer

Average memory access time

Answer

CPU utilization

Answer

Memory fragmentation

Question 6

Which of the following is not a type of memory management technique commonly used in operating systems?

Accepted Answer

Heap

Answer

Paging

Answer

Segmentation

Answer

Virtual memory

Question 7

LRU (Least Recently Used) is a page replacement algorithm that replaces:

Accepted Answer

Pages that have not been accessed recently

Answer

Pages that have been accessed most recently

Answer

Pages that are the largest

Answer

Pages randomly

Question 8

Segmentation divides memory into:

Accepted Answer

Variable-sized blocks tailored to the needs of different processes

Answer

Equal-sized fixed blocks

Answer

Blocks of a fixed size based on the size of the process

Answer

Dynamically-sized blocks that adjust to the amount of data stored

Question 9

The optimal page replacement algorithm:

Accepted Answer

Always replaces the page that will not be used for the longest period of time

Answer

Always replaces the least recently used page

Answer

Always replaces the oldest page

Answer

Is not possible to implement in practice

Question 10

Internal fragmentation occurs when:

Accepted Answer

There is unused space within a page that cannot be allocated to processes

Answer

There are multiple pages assigned to a single process

Answer

Memory is divided into fixed-size blocks

Answer

The page size is not optimal for the workload

Question 11

A page fault occurs when:

Accepted Answer

A process accesses a page that is not currently in physical memory

Answer

A page is replaced by a more recently used page

Answer

The page size is too large for the available physical memory

Answer

The TLB is full and cannot store any more page table entries

Question 12

What is the difference between Page fault and Segmentation fault?

Accepted Answer

Page fault occurs when a program tries to access a memory location that is not in physical memory, while Segmentation fault occurs when a program tries to access memory outside its allocated segment.

Answer

Page fault is caused by a hardware error, while Segmentation fault is caused by a software error.

Answer

Page fault is more severe than Segmentation fault.

Answer

There is no difference between Page fault and Segmentation fault.

Question 13

What is the primary goal of garbage collection in memory management?

Accepted Answer

To reclaim unused memory space

Answer

To improve program performance by reducing memory fragmentation.

Answer

To protect memory from unauthorized access

Answer

To provide a mechanism for dynamic memory allocation.

Question 14

In paging, which element determines the page to be replaced when a page fault occurs?

Accepted Answer

Page replacement algorithm

Answer

Page size

Answer

Number of page frames

Answer

Virtual address

Question 15

Which page replacement algorithm replaces the page that has not been used for the longest period of time?

Accepted Answer

Least recently used (LRU)

Answer

First-in, first-out (FIFO)

Answer

Optimal replacement

Answer

Clock algorithm

Question 16

In segmentation, each process has its own:

Accepted Answer

Segment table

Answer

Physical address space

Answer

Logical address space

Answer

Page table

Question 17

In a system with virtual memory, when a page is replaced from memory and its contents are still needed, it is:

Accepted Answer

Copied to disk

Answer

Discarded

Answer

Kept in memory

Answer

Marked as invalid

Question 18

Which of the following is a type of memory organization that divides the logical address space into variable-size blocks?

Accepted Answer

Segmentation

Answer

Paging

Answer

Virtual memory

Answer

Caching

Question 19

In multiprocessor systems, what is a unique challenge in memory management?

Accepted Answer

Data inconsistency due to race conditions

Answer

Limited memory capacity

Answer

Slow memory access

Answer

Absence of a memory manager

Question 20

In virtual memory systems, Translation Lookaside Buffers (TLBs) play a crucial role. Which of the following best describes their primary function?

Accepted Answer

TLBs store recently used page table entries to speed up address translation, reducing TLB misses and enhancing performance.

Answer

TLBs are solely responsible for translating virtual addresses to physical addresses, eliminating the need for page tables.

Answer

TLBs are primarily used to manage page faults, ensuring efficient handling of invalid virtual addresses.

Question 21

Which memory management technique subdivides physical memory into fixed-sized blocks called pages?

Accepted Answer

Paging

Answer

Segmentation

Answer

Virtual memory

Question 22

Which page replacement algorithm replaces the page that has not been used for the longest period?

Accepted Answer

LRU

Answer

FIFO

Answer

Optimal replacement

Question 23

In segmentation, each segment shares a common address space.

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Question 24

Which of the following is a potential drawback of using virtual memory?

Accepted Answer

Page faults and performance overhead

Answer

Increased memory capacity

Answer

Improved performance

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a primary objective of memory management?

Accepted Answer

Minimizing program execution time

Answer

Efficient allocation of physical memory

Answer

Protection and isolation of user processes

Question 26

In memory management, what is the key characteristic of segmentation?

Accepted Answer

Divides memory into variable-sized blocks

Answer

Divides memory into fixed-sized blocks

Answer

Assigns a single block of memory to all programs

Answer

Combines paging and segmentation techniques

Question 27

Which page replacement algorithm considers historical and future usage of pages for prediction?

Accepted Answer

Optimal Replacement Algorithm

Answer

Least Recently Used (LRU)

Answer

First In First Out (FIFO)

Question 28

State the primary distinction between paging and segmentation memory management techniques.

Accepted Answer

Paging divides memory into fixed-sized units, while segmentation divides memory into variable-sized units.

Answer

Paging creates a virtual address space, while segmentation does not.

Answer

Paging is solely implemented in hardware, while segmentation can be implemented in both hardware and software.

Question 29

Identify the type of page fault that occurs when the requested page is not present in either main memory or secondary storage.

Accepted Answer

Hard page fault

Answer

Soft page fault

Answer

Temporary page fault

Question 30

Explain the purpose of the working set model in memory management.

Accepted Answer

To anticipate future memory access patterns for a specific process

Answer

To determine the most suitable page replacement algorithm for a given system

Answer

To detect and address memory leaks that can impair system performance

Question 31

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of utilizing paging in memory management?

Accepted Answer

Increased processor overhead

Answer

Enhanced memory efficiency

Answer

Minimized memory fragmentation

Answer

Accelerated data access

Question 32

Identify the page replacement algorithm characterized by its simplicity and low overhead.

Accepted Answer

First-In First-Out (FIFO)

Answer

Least Recently Used (LRU)

Answer

Optimal Replacement

Answer

Clock Replacement

Question 33

Distinguish between segmentation and paging as memory management techniques, identifying their primary difference.

Accepted Answer

Segmentation allocates memory in variable-sized segments, while paging utilizes fixed-sized pages.

Answer

Paging is supported by hardware, unlike segmentation.

Answer

Segmentation enables memory protection and sharing, whereas paging does not.

Answer

Paging is employed in virtual memory systems, while segmentation is not.

Question 34

What primary benefit does virtual memory provide?

Accepted Answer

Extending program size beyond physical memory capacity

Answer

Enhancing memory protection and isolation

Answer

Reducing memory fragmentation

Answer

Accelerating program execution

Question 35

Define a page fault and identify its primary cause.

Accepted Answer

A page fault occurs when the requested page is absent in main memory.

Answer

A page fault is triggered when the requested page lacks appropriate access permissions.

Answer

A page fault arises due to a corrupted or invalid page table.

Answer

A page fault occurs when the operating system experiences memory depletion.

Question 36

Identify the address translation mechanism NOT employed in memory management.

Accepted Answer

Scatter-gather list

Answer

Base register

Answer

Page table

Answer

Translation lookaside buffer (TLB)

Question 37

Which page replacement algorithm is considered optimal?

Accepted Answer

Optimal Replacement

Answer

LRU

Answer

FIFO

Answer

Clock Replacement

Question 38

In a segmented memory system, the base register stores:

Accepted Answer

The starting address of the segment

Answer

The size of the segment

Answer

The protection attributes of the segment

Answer

The count of pages within the segment

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a recognized page replacement algorithm?

Accepted Answer

Random

Answer

Optimal

Answer

Least Recently Used (LRU)

Answer

First-In-First-Out (FIFO)

Question 40

Which page replacement algorithm boasts the highest efficiency but also the most complex implementation?

Accepted Answer

Optimal

Answer

Random

Answer

Least Recently Used (LRU)

Answer

First-In-First-Out (FIFO)

Question 41

Which technique is commonly employed to combat external fragmentation?

Accepted Answer

Compaction

Answer

Demand paging

Answer

Swapping

Answer

Segmentation

Question 42

What constitutes the fundamental distinction between paging and segmentation?

Accepted Answer

Granularity (size of allocated memory units)

Answer

Locality of reference

Answer

Memory protection mechanisms

Answer

Speed of memory access

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to the occurrence of thrashing?

Accepted Answer

Abundant physical memory

Answer

Suboptimal page replacement algorithm

Answer

High memory access frequency

Answer

Insufficient physical memory

Question 44

What is a primary advantage offered by virtual memory?

Accepted Answer

Extended program size beyond physical memory limits

Answer

Enhanced system performance

Answer

Simplified memory management

Answer

Reduced fragmentation

Question 45

What is the principal function of a translation lookaside buffer (TLB)?

Accepted Answer

Accelerating the translation of virtual addresses to their corresponding physical addresses

Answer

Storing the page table

Answer

Handling page faults

Question 46

Which page replacement algorithm selects the page that has not been used for the longest period of time for replacement?

Accepted Answer

Least Recently Used

Answer

Least Frequently Used

Answer

First In First Out

Answer

Optimal

Question 47

What is the primary purpose of segmentation in memory management?

Accepted Answer

To divide memory into logical segments for different purposes

Answer

To prevent memory leaks

Answer

To determine the physical location of a page

Question 48

Which of the following is a key advantage of using virtual memory?

Accepted Answer

Extends the available memory beyond its physical limits

Answer

Improves cache efficiency

Answer

Reduces the number of cache misses

Question 49

What is the fundamental distinction between paging and segmentation?

Accepted Answer

Paging allocates fixed-size memory chunks while segmentation allocates variable-size chunks

Answer

Paging is implemented in hardware while segmentation is implemented in software

Answer

Paging uses physical addresses while segmentation uses virtual addresses

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT a valid page replacement policy?

Accepted Answer

Most Frequently Used

Answer

Optimal

Answer

First In First Out

Answer

Least Recently Used

Question 51

What is the primary objective of a translation lookaside buffer (TLB)?

Accepted Answer

To accelerate the address translation process

Answer

To store page table entries

Answer

To prevent race conditions

Answer

To manage page faults

Question 52

Which of the following is an example of a memory leak?

Accepted Answer

A dangling pointer

Answer

Stack overflow

Answer

Buffer overflow

Question 53

What is a significant benefit of employing a garbage collector for memory management?

Accepted Answer

Automates memory deallocation, reducing programmer effort

Answer

Improves cache efficiency

Answer

Eliminates the requirement for explicit pointers

Question 54

Which of the following is a disadvantage associated with using virtual memory?

Accepted Answer

Can introduce performance overhead due to page faults

Answer

Simplifies memory management

Answer

Increases memory capacity

Question 55

What is the primary function of a memory management unit (MMU)?

Accepted Answer

Translates virtual addresses into their corresponding physical addresses

Answer

Allocates memory to processes

Answer

Enforces memory protection