Electric Potential: Definition, Properties, and Applications

Question 1

The electric potential due to a point charge 'q' at a distance 'r' from the charge is given by:

Accepted Answer

V = k * q / r

Answer

V = q / (4 * π * ε₀ * r)

Answer

V = k * q * r

Answer

V = q * (4 * π * ε₀ * r)

Question 2

The relationship between electric potential (V) and electric field (E) is given by:

Accepted Answer

E = -∇V

Answer

E = V / r

Answer

E = kV

Answer

E = qV

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of electric potential?

Accepted Answer

It is always positive

Answer

It is a scalar quantity

Answer

It is conservative

Answer

It can be represented by equipotential lines

Question 4

In an electric circuit, the relationship between voltage (V) and electric potential (U) is:

Accepted Answer

Voltage is the potential difference between two points

Answer

Electric potential is the voltage at a single point

Answer

Voltage and electric potential are interchangeable terms

Answer

Voltage is proportional to the electric potential gradient

Question 5

The electric potential at a point is given by the formula:

Accepted Answer

V = k * q / d^2

Answer

V = k * q / d

Answer

V = E * q

Answer

V = q / d^2

Question 6

The electric field is related to the electric potential by:

Accepted Answer

Electric field is the negative gradient of the electric potential

Answer

Electric potential is the negative gradient of the electric field

Answer

Electric field and electric potential are independent

Answer

Electric field is proportional to the electric potential

Question 7

The zero reference level for electric potential is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A point where the potential is arbitrarily set to zero

Answer

A point where the electric field is zero

Answer

A point where the electric potential energy of a charge is zero

Answer

A point where the electric potential is maximum

Question 8

The SI unit of electric potential is:

Accepted Answer

Volt

Answer

Farad

Answer

Tesla

Answer

Coulomb

Question 9

Equipotential surfaces are:

Accepted Answer

Surfaces where the electric potential is constant

Answer

Surfaces where the electric field is zero

Answer

Surfaces where the electric field is maximum

Answer

Surfaces where the electric field is minimum

Question 10

If the electric potential at a point is zero, what can we infer about the electric field at that point?

Accepted Answer

The electric field is also zero

Answer

The electric field is non-zero and has a constant magnitude

Answer

The electric field is non-zero and has a varying magnitude

Answer

The electric field cannot be determined from this information

Question 11

What happens to the electric potential energy of an electron placed in an electric field?

Accepted Answer

It decreases as the electron moves in the direction of the field

Answer

It increases as the electron moves in the direction of the field

Answer

It remains unchanged

Answer

It becomes zero

Question 12

Which of the following factors does NOT influence electric potential?

Accepted Answer

Frequency of the electric field

Answer

Charge distribution

Answer

Distance from charges

Answer

Material properties

Question 13

In a uniform electric field, what is the shape of equipotential surfaces?

Accepted Answer

Planes

Answer

Spheres

Answer

Cylinders

Answer

Hyperboloids

Question 14

Which equation correctly relates electric potential (V), electric field (E), and displacement (s)?

Accepted Answer

V = -∫E.ds

Answer

V = ∫E.ds

Answer

E = -∫V.ds

Answer

E = ∫V.ds

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of electric potential?

Accepted Answer

It is dependent on the charge of the reference point.

Answer

It is a scalar quantity.

Answer

It is conservative.

Answer

It can be used to calculate the electric field.

Question 16

What is the electric potential energy of a 2 μC charge at a point where the potential is 100 V?

Accepted Answer

2 μJ

Answer

0.2 μJ

Answer

20 μJ

Answer

200 μJ

Question 17

Define the relationship between electric potential and electric field.

Accepted Answer

Electric field is the negative gradient of the electric potential.

Answer

Electric potential is the negative gradient of the electric field.

Answer

Electric potential and electric field are independent of each other.

Answer

Electric potential is directly proportional to the electric field.

Question 18

An electron is placed at a distance 'r' from a point charge 'Q'. The electric potential energy of the electron is given by:

Accepted Answer

V = Q / (4πε₀r)

Answer

V = Q / (πε₀r)

Answer

V = Q / (ε₀r²)

Answer

V = Q * (4πε₀r)

Question 19

Which property of electric potential describes its independence of the path taken to move a charge?

Accepted Answer

Conservative

Answer

Scalar

Answer

Reference point dependent

Answer

Has units of volts

Question 20

A capacitor with capacitance 'C' stores an energy 'E' when charged to a potential difference of 'V'. The relationship between these quantities is:

Accepted Answer

E = CV²/2

Answer

E = CV

Answer

E = V²/2C

Answer

E = 2CV²

Question 21

Consider a capacitor with parallel plates separated by a dielectric material. Doubling the potential difference between the plates results in the electric field strength between the plates:

Accepted Answer

Doubling

Answer

Halving

Answer

Remaining the same

Answer

Quadrupling

Question 22

Electrostatic precipitators utilize the principle of electric potential energy to:

Accepted Answer

Remove dust particles from the air

Answer

Generate electricity

Answer

Drive electric motors

Answer

Amplify signals

Question 23

Which material exhibits high electrical resistance, making it a good electrical insulator?

Accepted Answer

Rubber

Answer

Copper

Answer

Aluminum

Answer

Silver

Question 24

Which physical quantity represents the amount of electrical work per unit charge?

Accepted Answer

Electric potential

Answer

Capacitance

Answer

Resistance

Answer

Current

Question 25

What is the mathematical relationship between electric potential (V) and electric field (E)?

Accepted Answer

E = -∇V

Answer

V = E^2

Answer

E = V/r

Question 26

For a point charge Q, what is the formula to calculate the electric potential (V) at a distance r from the charge?

Accepted Answer

V = kQ/r

Answer

V = kQr

Answer

V = Q/r

Answer

V = r/kQ

Question 27

What is the SI unit of electric potential?

Accepted Answer

Volt

Answer

Tesla

Answer

Coulomb

Answer

Farad

Question 28

What is the formula to calculate the electric potential energy (U) of a charge q in an electric potential V?

Accepted Answer

U = qV

Answer

U = q/V

Answer

U = V^2/q

Answer

U = V/q

Question 29

According to the principle of superposition, what is the net electric potential at a point due to a system of multiple charges?

Accepted Answer

The algebraic sum of the electric potentials due to each individual charge

Answer

The average of the electric potentials due to each individual charge

Question 30

What is the shape of the equipotential surfaces around a point charge?

Accepted Answer

Spherical

Answer

Cylindrical

Answer

Linear

Answer

Parabolic

Question 31

Which of the following is the SI unit of electric potential?

Accepted Answer

Volt (V)

Answer

Farad (F)

Answer

Coulomb (C)

Answer

Tesla (T)

Question 32

The electric potential at a point is zero if the electric field at that point is:

Accepted Answer

Zero

Answer

Non-zero and negative

Answer

Non-zero and positive

Answer

Time-varying

Question 33

Which of the following is the negative gradient of electric potential?

Accepted Answer

Electric field intensity (E)

Answer

Electric current density (J)

Answer

Electric flux density (D)

Answer

Magnetic field intensity (H)

Question 34

The equipotential surfaces around a point charge are:

Accepted Answer

Spherical

Answer

Planar

Answer

Cylindrical

Answer

Elliptical

Question 35

The electric potential difference between two points in an electric field is independent of the:

Accepted Answer

Path taken

Answer

Magnitude of the charges

Answer

Dielectric constant of the medium

Answer

Shape of the field

Question 36

The potential energy of a charge q in an electric potential V is given by:

Accepted Answer

q * V

Answer

V^2 * q

Answer

V / q

Answer

q / V

Question 37

In electrostatics, the electric potential obeys:

Accepted Answer

Laplace's equation

Answer

Poisson's equation

Answer

Ampere's circuital law

Answer

Gauss's law

Question 38

A capacitor stores energy in the form of:

Accepted Answer

Electric potential energy

Answer

Magnetic potential energy

Answer

Internal energy

Answer

Kinetic energy

Question 39

What is the standard unit of measurement for electric potential?

Accepted Answer

Volt (V)

Answer

Ohm (Ω)

Answer

Coulomb (C)

Answer

Farad (F)

Question 40

How is the electric potential (V) mathematically related to the electric field (E)?

Accepted Answer

V = -∫E·dr

Answer

E = -∫V·dr

Answer

V = E·r

Answer

E = V·r

Question 41

Which of the following accurately describes electric potential?

Accepted Answer

It is a scalar quantity.

Answer

It is directly proportional to the direction of the electric field.

Answer

It is a vector quantity.

Question 42

What is the electric potential energy (U) of a charge q situated at a point with electric potential V?

Accepted Answer

U = qV

Answer

U = q/V

Answer

U = V/q

Answer

U = Vq

Question 43

A capacitor with capacitance C is charged to a potential difference of V.  What is the formula for the energy (U) stored in this capacitor?

Accepted Answer

U = (1/2)CV²

Answer

U = V²/C

Answer

U = C²/V

Answer

U = CV

Question 44

Which of the following electrical components primarily functions based on the principle of electric potential difference?

Accepted Answer

Battery

Answer

Resistor

Answer

Inductor

Question 45

A conducting sphere of radius R carries a charge Q. What is the electric potential at the center of the sphere?

Accepted Answer

Q/(4πε₀R)

Answer

Q/(8πε₀R)

Answer

Q/(2πε₀R)

Answer

Q/(πε₀R)

Question 46

What is the graphical representation of electric potential?

Accepted Answer

Equipotential surfaces

Answer

Electric field lines

Answer

Gauss's surfaces

Question 47

What is the electric potential at a point in an electric field?

Accepted Answer

The work done per unit charge in bringing a positive test charge from infinity to that point.

Answer

The force experienced by a unit charge placed at that point.

Answer

The electric field strength at that point.

Question 48

Two point charges, +Q and -Q, are separated by a distance d. What is the electric potential at the midpoint between the charges?

Accepted Answer

Zero

Answer

kQ/(2d)

Answer

-kQ/d

Answer

+kQ/d

Question 49

Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between electric potential and electric field?

Accepted Answer

The electric field is the negative gradient of the electric potential.

Answer

The electric potential and electric field are independent of each other.

Answer

The electric potential is the negative gradient of the electric field.

Question 50

A charged particle is moved from a point of high potential to a point of low potential in an electric field. What happens to the particle's potential energy?

Accepted Answer

It decreases.

Answer

It remains constant.

Answer

It becomes zero.

Answer

It increases.

Question 51

What is the unit of electric potential?

Accepted Answer

Volt (V)

Answer

Coulomb (C)

Answer

Joule (J)

Answer

Newton (N)

Question 52

What is an equipotential surface?

Accepted Answer

A surface on which the electric potential is the same everywhere.

Answer

A surface on which the electric field is the same everywhere.

Answer

A surface on which the electric potential energy is the same everywhere.

Question 53

Which of the following is an application of electric potential?

Accepted Answer

All of the above.

Answer

Batteries

Answer

Capacitors

Question 54

Two equipotential surfaces are drawn around a point charge. Which surface has a higher potential?

Accepted Answer

The surface closer to the charge.

Answer

The surface farther from the charge.

Answer

It depends on the sign of the charge.

Answer

Both surfaces have the same potential.