Pneumonia: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Question 1

Which of the following is the most common causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Chlamydia pneumoniae

Question 2

What is the primary pathological process that occurs in pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation and fluid accumulation in the alveoli

Answer

Bronchospasm and airway obstruction

Answer

Interstitial edema and fibrosis

Answer

Pleurisy and pleural effusion

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a common clinical manifestation of pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Nausea and vomiting

Answer

Fever

Answer

Cough

Answer

Pleuritic chest pain

Question 4

What is the recommended empiric antibiotic regimen for CAP in previously healthy adults?

Accepted Answer

Amoxicillin-clavulanate

Answer

Levofloxacin

Answer

Azithromycin-ceftriaxone

Answer

Vancomycin

Question 5

Which of the following diagnostic tests is most commonly used to confirm a diagnosis of pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Chest X-ray

Answer

Sputum culture

Answer

Blood culture

Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Question 6

What is the purpose of using oxygen therapy in the management of pneumonia patients?

Accepted Answer

To improve oxygenation and reduce respiratory distress

Answer

To kill bacteria

Answer

To prevent bronchospasm

Answer

To decrease fever

Question 7

Which etiological agent is most frequently associated with community-acquired pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 8

Which type of pneumonia is characterized by inflammation and consolidation of lung tissue?

Accepted Answer

Lobar pneumonia

Answer

Bronchopneumonia

Answer

Interstitial pneumonia

Answer

Pleural effusion

Question 9

Which complication of pneumonia is characterized by pus accumulation in the pleural space?

Accepted Answer

Empyema

Answer

Meningitis

Answer

Sepsis

Answer

Pulmonary edema

Question 10

Which immunoprophylaxis measure is recommended to prevent Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine

Answer

Influenza vaccine

Answer

Tetanus vaccine

Answer

Hepatitis A vaccine

Question 11

Which clinical manifestation is most commonly associated with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)?

Accepted Answer

Abrupt onset of fever

Answer

Gradual onset of symptoms over several days

Answer

Sudden onset of chest pain

Question 12

What is a primary clinical manifestation of pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Fever

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Polyuria

Answer

Maculopapular rash

Question 13

What is a common and potentially severe complication of pneumonia that can lead to respiratory distress?

Accepted Answer

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Answer

Bronchitis

Answer

Pleurisy

Answer

Pulmonary embolism

Question 14

Which factor poses a significant risk for pneumonia by hindering both mucociliary clearance and surfactant production?

Accepted Answer

Smoking

Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Immunosuppression

Answer

Obesity

Question 15

A chest X-ray is an essential diagnostic tool for pneumonia. Which of the following findings is suggestive of a non-bacterial cause of pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Interstitial infiltrates

Answer

Lobar consolidation

Answer

Pleural effusion

Answer

Cavitation

Question 16

Which of the following antibiotics is the first-line treatment for community-acquired pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae in adults?

Accepted Answer

Amoxicillin-clavulanate

Answer

Doxycycline

Answer

Levofloxacin

Answer

Vancomycin

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a common causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia in adults?

Accepted Answer

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Chlamydophila pneumoniae

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae

Question 18

What is the primary mechanism by which antibiotics exert their therapeutic effect in pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Killing or inhibiting bacteria

Answer

Enhancing host defenses

Answer

Reducing inflammation

Question 19

Which of the following antibiotics is the first-line empirical treatment for community-acquired pneumonia in outpatients without comorbidities?

Accepted Answer

Amoxicillin-clavulanate

Answer

Levofloxacin

Answer

Vancomycin

Question 20

What is the primary nursing intervention for a patient experiencing respiratory distress due to pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen therapy

Answer

Intravenous fluids

Answer

Nasogastric suction

Question 21

Which of the following diagnostic tests is most useful for confirming the diagnosis of pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Chest radiograph

Answer

Sputum culture

Answer

Pulmonary function test

Question 22

What is the primary goal of antibiotic therapy in pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Eradication of the causative organism

Answer

Prevention of complications

Answer

Reversing pulmonary inflammation

Question 23

Which of the following nursing priorities in pneumonia management focuses on optimizing oxygenation?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining adequate oxygenation

Answer

Promoting airway clearance

Answer

Preventing skin breakdown

Question 24

The most common causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia in adults is:

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae

Answer

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer

Moraxella catarrhalis

Question 25

The primary diagnostic test for pneumonia is:

Accepted Answer

Chest X-ray

Answer

Sputum culture

Answer

Pulse oximetry

Answer

Blood culture

Question 26

Which of the following antibiotics is the empiric first-line treatment for community-acquired pneumonia in adults?

Accepted Answer

Amoxicillin-clavulanate

Answer

Levofloxacin

Answer

Vancomycin

Answer

Piperacillin-tazobactam

Question 27

Which microorganism is most frequently responsible for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae

Answer

Legionella pneumophila

Answer

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 28

The diagnostic modality considered the gold standard for confirming a pneumonia diagnosis is:

Accepted Answer

Chest X-ray

Answer

Blood culture

Answer

Sputum Gram stain and culture

Answer

Pulse oximetry

Question 29

The first-line pharmacological treatment for CAP caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae includes:

Accepted Answer

Amoxicillin-clavulanate

Answer

Vancomycin

Answer

Piperacillin-tazobactam

Answer

Linezolid

Question 30

The primary pathophysiological feature of pneumonia is:

Accepted Answer

Inflammation and consolidation of lung tissue

Answer

Bronchospasm and airway obstruction

Answer

Pleural effusion and atelectasis

Answer

Impaired surfactant production

Question 31

Which type of pneumonia is commonly associated with healthcare settings and can exhibit multidrug resistance?

Accepted Answer

Hospital-acquired pneumonia

Answer

Community-acquired pneumonia

Answer

Aspiration pneumonia

Answer

Viral pneumonia

Question 32

A potential complication of pneumonia resulting from impaired gas exchange is:

Accepted Answer

Respiratory failure

Answer

Pleural effusion

Answer

Pericarditis

Answer

Septic shock

Question 33

When initiating antibiotic therapy for pneumonia, which of the following is NOT a primary consideration?

Accepted Answer

Cost-effectiveness of the medication

Answer

Antibiotic sensitivity of the pathogen

Answer

Patient's allergy profile

Answer

Severity of infection

Question 34

Which of the following microorganisms is a common causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 35

Which of the following findings is typical on chest auscultation in lobar pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Crackles

Answer

Pleural friction rub

Answer

Ronchi

Answer

Wheezes

Question 36

Which imaging modality is the initial diagnostic test of choice for suspected pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Chest X-ray

Answer

CT scan

Answer

Ultrasound

Answer

MRI

Question 37

Which of the following is a first-line antibiotic treatment for uncomplicated CAP in adults?

Accepted Answer

Amoxicillin-clavulanate

Answer

Linezolid

Answer

Cefepime

Answer

Vancomycin

Question 38

Which of the following is a key nursing intervention in the management of pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Monitoring oxygen saturation and respiratory status

Answer

Administering antibiotics

Answer

Monitoring fluid balance

Answer

Providing pain relief

Question 39

Which of the following laboratory findings is suggestive of pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP)

Answer

Low white blood cell count

Answer

Elevated hemoglobin

Answer

Normal electrolytes

Question 40

Which of the following patient education topics is important for the management of pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Smoking cessation

Answer

Dietary modifications

Answer

Exercise recommendations

Answer

Stress management techniques