Hepatitis: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management for Nurses

Question 1

What is the primary route of transmission for Hepatitis A?

Accepted Answer

Ingestion of contaminated water or food

Answer

Direct contact with infected blood

Answer

Inhalation of respiratory secretions

Answer

Sexual intercourse

Question 2

Which type of hepatitis is most commonly associated with chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma?

Accepted Answer

C

Answer

A

Answer

B

Answer

E

Question 3

Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is transmitted primarily through:

Accepted Answer

Contact with infected blood

Answer

Ingestion of contaminated water or food

Answer

Direct contact with skin lesions

Answer

Inhalation of respiratory secretions

Question 4

What is the most common type of hepatitis caused by a virus?

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis B

Answer

Hepatitis A

Answer

Hepatitis C

Answer

Hepatitis D

Question 5

Which type of viral hepatitis is caused specifically by the hepatitis C virus (HCV)?

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis C

Answer

Hepatitis A

Answer

Hepatitis B

Answer

Hepatitis E

Question 6

What is the primary role of interferon in hepatitis treatment?

Accepted Answer

Enhancing the immune response

Answer

Suppressing viral replication

Answer

Reducing inflammation

Answer

Preventing liver damage

Question 7

Which of the following viruses is NOT a cause of hepatitis?

Accepted Answer

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Answer

Hepatitis A virus (HAV)

Answer

Hepatitis B virus (HBV)

Answer

Hepatitis C virus (HCV)

Question 8

The primary function of liver lobules is to facilitate:

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of blood

Answer

Synthesis of bile

Answer

Storage of glycogen

Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 9

The most common route of transmission for hepatitis B is through:

Accepted Answer

Contact with infected blood or bodily fluids

Answer

Ingestion of contaminated food or water

Answer

Sexual contact

Answer

Vertical transmission from mother to child

Question 10

To detect antibodies against hepatitis C virus, which diagnostic test is employed?

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis C antibody test

Answer

Hepatitis C antigen test

Answer

Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) test

Answer

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) test

Question 11

The first-line treatment for acute hepatitis C consists of:

Accepted Answer

Antiviral therapy with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs)

Answer

Interferon therapy

Answer

Ribavirin therapy

Answer

Liver transplant

Question 12

The primary goal of pharmacological therapy for hepatitis C is to:

Accepted Answer

Suppress viral replication

Answer

Prevent liver damage

Answer

Improve liver function

Answer

Cure the infection

Question 13

Which route of transmission is primarily responsible for the spread of hepatitis A?

Accepted Answer

Fecal-oral

Answer

Parenteral

Answer

Sexual

Answer

Vertical

Question 14

What is the recommended first-line treatment for uncomplicated acute hepatitis A infection?

Accepted Answer

Supportive care

Answer

Ribavirin

Answer

Antiviral therapy

Answer

Hepatitis A vaccine

Question 15

What is the primary mode of action of antiviral drugs used in the treatment of hepatitis C infection?

Accepted Answer

Inhibiting viral replication

Answer

Stimulating antibody production

Answer

Reducing hepatic inflammation

Answer

Promoting liver regeneration

Question 16

Describe the evolutionary relationship between hepatitis viruses.

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis viruses diverged from multiple common ancestors through horizontal transmission.

Answer

Hepatitis viruses diverged from a single common ancestor through vertical transmission.

Answer

Hepatitis viruses are all closely related and share a recent common ancestor.

Question 17

Which populations are at the highest risk of contracting hepatitis B? Explain the reasons for their increased susceptibility.

Accepted Answer

Healthcare workers, due to occupational exposure to infected blood and body fluids

Accepted Answer

Individuals who inject drugs, due to shared use of contaminated needles and syringes

Accepted Answer

People with multiple sexual partners, due to increased exposure to potential carriers

Answer

Individuals with no known risk factors

Question 18

The primary route of transmission for hepatitis A virus (HAV) is through:

Accepted Answer

Fecal-oral route

Answer

Blood transfusions

Answer

Sexual contact

Answer

Intravenous drug use

Question 19

Which type of hepatitis is directly caused by excessive alcohol consumption?

Accepted Answer

Alcoholic hepatitis

Answer

Hepatitis A

Answer

Hepatitis B

Answer

Hepatitis C

Question 20

Which condition is a contraindication to interferon therapy for hepatitis C?

Accepted Answer

Decompensated liver disease

Answer

HIV co-infection

Answer

History of depression

Answer

Age over 65 years

Question 21

In the United States, the most common cause of acute liver failure is:

Accepted Answer

Acetaminophen overdose

Answer

Hepatitis A virus

Answer

Hepatitis B virus

Answer

Autoimmune hepatitis

Question 22

Which potential complication is most closely associated with hepatitis D infection?

Accepted Answer

Fulminant hepatitis

Answer

Chronic hepatitis

Answer

Liver cirrhosis

Answer

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 23

Describe the typical clinical progression of chronic hepatitis to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Explain the key factors that influence the development and progression of HCC.

Accepted Answer

Viral load, alcohol consumption, and underlying liver disease severity are the primary factors influencing HCC development and progression.

Answer

Progression from chronic hepatitis to cirrhosis and HCC is a linear and irreversible process.

Answer

Genetic factors and immune responses have no impact on HCC development.

Answer

Cirrhosis is not a significant risk factor for developing HCC.

Question 24

Which of the following is a well-established risk factor for developing hepatitis A?

Accepted Answer

Ingestion of contaminated food or water

Answer

Contact with infected blood

Answer

Sexual contact with an infected person

Answer

Intravenous drug use

Question 25

What is the predominant symptom of hepatitis B?

Accepted Answer

Jaundice

Answer

Fatigue

Answer

Nausea and vomiting

Answer

Abdominal pain

Question 26

What class of antiviral medications is currently the first-line treatment for hepatitis C?

Accepted Answer

Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs)

Answer

Nucleoside/nucleotide analogs

Answer

Interferons

Answer

Ribavirin

Question 27

What is the primary route of transmission for hepatitis E?

Accepted Answer

Ingestion of contaminated food or water

Answer

Contact with infected blood

Answer

Sexual contact with an infected person

Answer

Vector-borne transmission

Question 28

When choosing medications for a patient with hepatitis, what is the most important factor to consider?

Accepted Answer

The patient's individual needs, including disease severity, other health conditions, and personal preferences

Answer

The cost of the medication

Answer

Whether the medication is readily available

Answer

The doctor's personal preference for a particular medication

Question 29

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is primarily transmitted via what route?

Accepted Answer

Exposure to infected blood or body fluids

Answer

Contact with contaminated food or water

Answer

Inhalation of airborne particles

Answer

Ingestion of animal products

Question 30

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of acute hepatitis?

Accepted Answer

Sudden onset with severe symptoms

Answer

Complete recovery without residual liver damage

Answer

Persistent inflammation and liver damage

Answer

Self-limiting course with spontaneous resolution

Question 31

The hepatitis A vaccine is recommended for which of the following individuals?

Accepted Answer

People who travel to countries with high rates of hepatitis A

Answer

Infants and children under 1 year of age

Answer

Healthcare workers only

Question 32

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing hepatitis D?

Accepted Answer

Being infected with hepatitis B

Answer

Having multiple sexual partners

Answer

Exposure to contaminated water or food

Question 33

The characteristic yellowing of the skin and eyes associated with hepatitis is known as:

Accepted Answer

Jaundice

Answer

Cyanosis

Answer

Erythema

Answer

Pallor

Question 34

Which type of hepatitis is caused by excessive alcohol consumption?

Accepted Answer

Alcoholic hepatitis

Answer

Hepatitis C

Answer

Hepatitis A

Answer

Hepatitis B

Question 35

The initial diagnostic test for suspected hepatitis typically includes:

Accepted Answer

Liver function tests

Answer

Viral serology

Answer

Ultrasound of the liver

Answer

Liver biopsy

Question 36

Which of the following is a nursing intervention for patients with hepatitis?

Accepted Answer

Providing education on lifestyle modifications to prevent further liver damage

Answer

Administering antibiotics

Answer

Inserting a nasogastric tube

Answer

Restricting activity

Question 37

Which of the following is NOT a mode of transmission for hepatitis A?

Accepted Answer

Blood transfusion

Answer

Close personal contact

Answer

Sexual intercourse

Answer

Ingestion of contaminated food or water

Question 38

Which type of hepatitis is most frequently transmitted through sexual contact?

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis B

Answer

Hepatitis C

Answer

Hepatitis A

Answer

Hepatitis E

Question 39

Chronic hepatitis C infection can lead to which of the following complications?

Accepted Answer

Cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer

Nephrotic syndrome and renal failure

Answer

Cholecystitis and pancreatitis

Answer

Pneumonia and respiratory failure

Question 40

Interferon-based therapy is primarily used in the treatment of:

Accepted Answer

Chronic hepatitis B and C

Answer

Acute hepatitis B

Answer

Chronic hepatitis A

Answer

Acute hepatitis A

Question 41

Which of the following diagnostic tests is used to confirm active hepatitis B infection?

Accepted Answer

HBeAg

Answer

Anti-HDV IgM

Answer

Anti-HCV IgG

Answer

Anti-HAV IgM

Question 42

Vaccination is recommended for which types of hepatitis?

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis A and B

Answer

Hepatitis A and C

Answer

Hepatitis C and D

Question 43

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing hepatitis D?

Accepted Answer

Chronic hepatitis B infection

Answer

Intravenous drug use

Answer

Excessive alcohol consumption

Answer

Blood transfusion

Question 44

Which of the following is a contraindication to liver transplantation in patients with hepatitis?

Accepted Answer

Active alcohol or drug use

Answer

Portal hypertension

Answer

Ascites

Answer

Hepatic encephalopathy

Question 45

The most common cause of acute liver failure is:

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis A

Answer

Hepatitis C

Answer

Hepatitis E

Answer

Hepatitis B