Pituitary Gland: Structure, Function, and Disorders - Physiology Quiz

Question 1

Which of the following hormones is NOT secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Vasopressin

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 2

The hormone responsible for stimulating milk production in lactating women is:

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Luteinizing hormone

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 3

Which layer of the pituitary gland is responsible for hormone secretion?

Accepted Answer

Adenohypophysis (Pars distalis)

Answer

Pars tuberalis

Answer

Neurohypophysis (Pars nervosa)

Answer

Pars intermedia

Question 4

Which of the following is a characteristic of gigantism?

Accepted Answer

Excessive growth hormone secretion in adulthood

Answer

Delayed sexual development

Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Water retention

Question 5

The hormone that stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete cortisol is:

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Question 6

Which of the following is a symptom of diabetes insipidus?

Accepted Answer

Excessive thirst and urination

Answer

Weight loss

Answer

Fatigue

Answer

Muscle weakness

Question 7

The release of prolactin is inhibited by:

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH)

Answer

Somatostatin

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Question 8

Which hormone is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland but synthesized in the hypothalamus?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 9

Which of the following conditions, caused by excessive growth hormone secretion during childhood, is characterized by disproportionate growth?

Accepted Answer

Gigantism

Answer

Dwarfism

Answer

Acromegaly

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Question 10

Which of the following is a classic symptom of Cushing's syndrome, a condition caused by excessive ACTH secretion?

Accepted Answer

Moon face

Answer

Muscle weakness

Answer

Frequent urination

Answer

Excessive thirst

Question 11

Which factor plays a crucial role in regulating the secretion of prolactin?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine levels

Answer

Stress

Answer

Thyroid hormone levels

Answer

Estrogen levels

Question 12

What is the primary function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis?

Accepted Answer

Stress response

Answer

Regulation of body fluid balance

Answer

Regulation of reproductive function

Answer

Control of blood pressure

Question 13

Which of the following hormones is essential for fetal development and placental function?

Accepted Answer

hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)

Answer

FSH

Answer

LH

Answer

Prolactin

Question 14

What is the term for the condition characterized by insufficient secretion of all pituitary hormones?

Accepted Answer

Panhypopituitarism

Answer

Dwarfism

Answer

Addison's disease

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Question 15

Which of the following is a common clinical manifestation of acromegaly?

Accepted Answer

Enlarged hands and feet

Answer

Muscle weakness

Answer

Excessive thirst

Answer

Frequent urination

Question 16

Which of the following hormones is secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 17

The release of growth hormone from the pituitary gland is primarily regulated by the interplay of which two hormones?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH)

Answer

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and prolactin-releasing hormone (PRH)

Answer

Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing hormone (FSHRH)

Answer

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and vasopressin

Question 18

Which of the following conditions is characterized by insufficient secretion of pituitary hormones?

Accepted Answer

Hypopituitarism

Answer

Hyperpituitarism

Answer

Pituitary adenoma

Answer

Diabetes insipidus

Question 19

The posterior pituitary gland serves as a storage and release site for which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 20

The primary physiological role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is to:

Accepted Answer

Promote water reabsorption in the kidneys, reducing urine output

Answer

Stimulate the release of aldosterone from the adrenal glands, regulating blood pressure

Answer

Increase blood pressure by constricting blood vessels

Answer

Regulate body temperature by stimulating sweating

Question 21

During embryonic development, the pars nervosa of the pituitary gland originates from which germ layer?

Accepted Answer

Neuroectoderm

Answer

Ectoderm

Answer

Mesoderm

Answer

Endoderm

Question 22

Which hormone collaborates with growth hormone to facilitate linear growth?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid hormone

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Estrogen

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a potential symptom associated with pituitary dysfunction?

Accepted Answer

Regular bowel movements

Answer

Fatigue

Answer

Headaches

Answer

Vision problems

Question 24

Which hormone, secreted by the anterior pituitary, directly stimulates growth hormone secretion?

Accepted Answer

Somatotropin-releasing hormone (GHRH)

Answer

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Answer

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

Answer

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Question 25

Which pituitary hormone primarily regulates thyroid hormone production and secretion?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Answer

Prolactin

Question 26

Which organ is the primary target of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

Accepted Answer

Kidneys

Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal glands

Answer

Pituitary gland

Question 27

Which condition is characterized by insufficient growth hormone, leading to stunted growth?

Accepted Answer

Stunted growth

Answer

Increased muscle mass

Answer

High blood sugar levels

Answer

Decreased bone density

Question 28

Which type of pituitary tumor is associated with excessive prolactin production?

Accepted Answer

Prolactinoma

Answer

Cushing's disease

Answer

Acromegaly

Answer

Diabetes insipidus

Question 29

Which imaging technique is primarily used to visualize and evaluate the pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

X-ray

Answer

Computed tomography (CT) scan

Answer

Ultrasound

Question 30

Describe the crucial role of growth hormone in linear growth. Discuss the consequences of growth hormone deficiency in both children and adults.

Accepted Answer

In children, growth hormone stimulates bone and muscle growth, promoting linear growth. In adults, it maintains muscle mass and strength.

Answer

Growth hormone inhibits bone growth and reduces muscle mass in both children and adults.

Answer

Growth hormone primarily regulates metabolism and has minimal effects on growth and development.

Question 31

Which of the following anterior pituitary hormones is responsible for growth and development?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone (GH)

Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer

Cortisol

Question 32

Which pituitary hormone regulates the secretion of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer

Triiodothyronine (T3)

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

Question 33

The most frequent type of pituitary tumor is:

Accepted Answer

Prolactinoma

Answer

Acromegaly

Answer

Cushing's disease

Answer

Gonadotropin-secreting adenoma

Question 34

The primary role of prolactin is to:

Accepted Answer

Stimulate breast milk production

Answer

Regulate thyroid hormone synthesis

Answer

Control growth and development

Answer

Inhibit water reabsorption in the kidneys

Question 35

Which hypothalamic hormone triggers the release of ACTH from the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)

Answer

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)

Answer

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Answer

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Question 36

Which pituitary hormone suppresses the secretion of FSH and LH?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

TSH

Answer

Oxytocin

Question 37

Excessive secretion of prolactin is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Prolactinoma

Answer

Acromegaly

Answer

Cushing's disease

Answer

Addison's disease

Question 38

Which hormone is NOT secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Answer

Prolactin

Question 39

Which of the following disorders results from the undersecretion of vasopressin?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes insipidus

Answer

Acromegaly

Answer

Cushing's disease

Answer

Addison's disease

Question 40

Which imaging technique is most commonly used to visualize the pituitary gland?

Accepted Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

Computed tomography (CT) scan

Answer

Ultrasound

Answer

X-ray

Question 41

Which laboratory test is most useful in confirming a diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) level

Answer

Growth hormone stimulation test

Answer

Prolactin level

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level

Question 42

Which hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland is primarily responsible for promoting growth in children and adolescents?

Accepted Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 43

The primary target organ of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is the:

Accepted Answer

Thyroid gland

Answer

Adrenal glands

Answer

Mammary glands

Answer

Gonads

Question 44

Which pituitary hormone is involved in stimulating milk production in lactating women?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 45

The primary regulatory hormones for the pituitary gland are the:

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamic releasing hormones

Answer

Gonadotropins

Answer

Adrenal corticosteroids

Answer

Thyroid hormone

Question 46

Which pituitary disorder is characterized by excessive growth hormone secretion after the closure of epiphyseal growth plates?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Answer

Cushing's disease

Answer

Addison's disease

Answer

Dwarfism

Question 47

The main function of the anterior pituitary gland is:

Accepted Answer

Hormone secretion

Answer

Regulation of body temperature

Answer

Control of sleep-wake cycle

Answer

Production of cerebrospinal fluid

Question 48

Which hormone released by the pituitary gland is responsible for triggering ovulation?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone

Answer

Growth hormone

Answer

Prolactin

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Question 49

The pituitary gland is located in the:

Accepted Answer

Sella turcica of the sphenoid bone

Answer

Hypothalamus

Answer

Pineal gland

Answer

Mammillary bodies

Question 50

Which pituitary hormone stimulates the production of adrenal corticosteroids?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Answer

Luteinizing hormone

Answer

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 51

A deficiency in growth hormone during childhood can lead to:

Accepted Answer

Dwarfism

Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Answer

Gigantism

Answer

Addison's disease