Gastrointestinal Hormones: Master the Hormones of Digestion

Question 1

Which hormone, released by the stomach, primarily stimulates gastric acid secretion and inhibits gastric emptying?

Accepted Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Secretin

Answer

Cholecystokinin

Answer

Gastric inhibitory peptide

Question 2

Which hormone, predominantly produced by the small intestine, inhibits gastric acid secretion and stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion?

Accepted Answer

Secretin

Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Cholecystokinin

Answer

Gastric inhibitory peptide

Question 3

Which hormone, released by the upper gastrointestinal tract,  contraction of the gallbladder and relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi?

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin

Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Secretin

Answer

Gastric inhibitory peptide

Question 4

Which hormone, produced by the lower gastrointestinal tract, inhibits gastric acid secretion, slows gastric emptying, and stimulates insulin release?

Accepted Answer

Gastric inhibitory peptide

Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Secretin

Answer

Cholecystokinin

Question 5

Which hormone, secreted by the stomach in response to distension, slows gastric emptying?

Accepted Answer

Peptide YY

Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Ghrelin

Answer

Bombesin

Question 6

Which hormone, produced by the stomach during fasting, stimulates gastric emptying?

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin

Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Peptide YY

Answer

Bombesin

Question 7

Which hormone, produced by the small intestine, stimulates insulin release and promotes glycogen synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Gastric inhibitory peptide

Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Secretin

Answer

Cholecystokinin

Question 8

Which hormone, produced by the colon, inhibits gastric acid secretion?

Accepted Answer

Peptide YY

Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Secretin

Answer

Cholecystokinin

Question 9

Which hormone primarily stimulates gastric acid secretion?

Accepted Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Secretin

Answer

Cholecystokinin

Answer

Motilin

Question 10

Which hormone inhibits gastric emptying?

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin

Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Secretin

Answer

Glucagon-like peptide-1

Question 11

The hormone responsible for regulating colonic fluid and electrolyte absorption is:

Accepted Answer

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide

Answer

Aldosterone

Answer

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer

Somatostatin

Question 12

Which of the following disorders is associated with excessive gastrin secretion?

Accepted Answer

Gastrinoma

Answer

Peptic ulcer disease

Answer

Irritable bowel syndrome

Answer

Gastroparesis

Question 13

What is the primary mechanism of action of secretin?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates pancreatic bicarbonate secretion

Answer

Inhibits gastric acid secretion

Answer

Promotes gallbladder contraction

Answer

Increases colonic motility

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a trigger for cholecystokinin secretion?

Accepted Answer

Somatostatin release

Answer

Ingestion of fat

Answer

Gastric distension

Answer

Vagus nerve stimulation

Question 15

Which hormone directly stimulates exocrine pancreatic secretion?

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin

Answer

Secretin

Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Motilin

Question 16

Which hormone is involved in protecting the colonic mucosa?

Accepted Answer

Prostaglandin E2

Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Cholecystokinin

Answer

Motilin

Question 17

Which of the following hormones directly stimulates gastric acid secretion?

Accepted Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Secretin

Answer

Cholecystokinin

Answer

Insulin

Question 18

Which gastrointestinal hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating gastric acid secretion?

Accepted Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Secretin

Answer

Cholecystokinin

Answer

Motilin

Question 19

The release of which hormone is stimulated by the presence of fat in the duodenum?

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin

Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Glucagon-like peptide-1

Answer

Gastric inhibitory peptide

Question 20

Which of the following is a characteristic effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates insulin secretion

Answer

Inhibits gastric acid secretion

Answer

Promotes gallbladder contraction

Answer

Inhibits small intestine motility

Question 21

Which of the following is a mechanism of action of secretin?

Accepted Answer

Activation of cAMP

Answer

Inhibition of phospholipase C

Answer

Stimulation of nitric oxide production

Answer

Inhibition of sodium-potassium pump

Question 22

Which of the following hormones is produced by enteroendocrine cells?

Accepted Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Epinephrine

Question 23

Which of the following hormones has a role in promoting colonic motility?

Accepted Answer

Motilin

Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Secretin

Answer

Cholecystokinin

Question 24

A patient with a Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is likely to have elevated levels of which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Cholecystokinin

Answer

Secretin

Answer

Glucagon-like peptide-1

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of gastrointestinal hormones?

Accepted Answer

Control of blood glucose levels

Answer

Regulation of gastric acid secretion

Answer

Stimulation of pancreatic enzyme release

Answer

Inhibition of small intestine motility

Question 26

Which hormone directly stimulates the secretion of gastric acid?

Accepted Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Secretin

Answer

Cholecystokinin

Answer

Motilin

Question 27

The primary trigger for secretin release is:

Accepted Answer

High duodenal pH

Answer

Low gastric pH

Answer

Presence of fatty acids in the duodenum

Answer

Vagus nerve stimulation

Question 28

Which hormone inhibits gastric emptying and stimulates the release of pancreatic enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin

Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Motilin

Answer

Secretin

Question 29

The primary mechanism of action of somatostatin in the gastrointestinal system is:

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of hormone secretion

Answer

Stimulation of muscle contraction

Answer

Enhancement of nutrient absorption

Answer

Regulation of blood flow

Question 30

Which hormone triggers the contraction of the gallbladder?

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin

Answer

Secretin

Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Motilin

Question 31

The hormone responsible for stimulating intestinal motility and accelerating gastric emptying is:

Accepted Answer

Motilin

Answer

Secretin

Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Cholecystokinin

Question 32

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the secretion of gastric acid?

Accepted Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Secretin

Answer

Cholecystokinin

Answer

Motilin

Question 33

Which hormone triggers gallbladder contraction and the release of bile?

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin

Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Secretin

Answer

Gastric inhibitory peptide

Question 34

Excessive secretion of which hormone is linked to the development of peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Secretin

Answer

Cholecystokinin

Answer

Gastric inhibitory peptide

Question 35

Which hormone is known to inhibit gastric emptying?

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin

Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Secretin

Answer

Motilin

Question 36

Which factor does NOT influence hormone secretion in the gastrointestinal tract?

Accepted Answer

Genetic mutations

Answer

Neural stimuli

Answer

Hormonal feedback mechanisms

Answer

Luminal contents

Question 37

Which hormone is involved in stimulating the release of pancreatic enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin

Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Secretin

Answer

Gastric inhibitory peptide

Question 38

The primary hormonal regulator of pancreatic exocrine function is:

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin

Answer

Secretin

Answer

Gastrin

Answer

Glucagon

Question 39

Which of the following disorders is caused by excessive gastric acid secretion?

Accepted Answer

Peptic ulcer disease

Answer

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Answer

Irritable bowel syndrome

Answer

Diverticular disease

Question 40

The secretion of secretin is primarily triggered by:

Accepted Answer

Low gastric pH

Answer

Presence of fat in the duodenum

Answer

Increased blood glucose levels

Answer

Vagal nerve stimulation

Question 41

Motilin is a hormone that primarily promotes:

Accepted Answer

Gastric motility

Answer

Bile secretion

Answer

Pancreatic enzyme secretion

Answer

Intestinal absorption

Question 42

How does the enteric nervous system contribute to the regulation of gastrointestinal hormone secretion?

Accepted Answer

It detects changes in the gastrointestinal environment and triggers hormone release to maintain balance.

Answer

It directly controls hormone secretion from the stomach and pancreas.

Answer

It only regulates hormone secretion in the small intestine.

Question 43

Identify the INCORRECT statement regarding the functions of gastrin:

Accepted Answer

It enhances gastric motility.

Answer

It stimulates parietal cell secretion of HCl.

Answer

It promotes gastric mucosal growth.

Question 44

Which of the following organs is the primary site of secretin secretion?

Accepted Answer

Duodenum

Answer

Stomach

Answer

Jejunum

Question 45

The release of cholecystokinin (CCK) is predominantly triggered by:

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids in the small intestine

Answer

Acidity in the duodenum

Answer

Glucose in the blood

Answer

Amino acids in the stomach

Question 46

Which hormone exerts its main function by increasing pancreatic enzyme secretion?

Accepted Answer

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Answer

Secretin

Answer

Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)

Answer

Somatostatin

Question 47

Identify the hormone responsible for stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis:

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Answer

Somatostatin

Answer

Insulin

Answer

Gastrin

Question 48

Which condition arises as a common consequence of excessive gastric acid secretion?

Accepted Answer

Peptic ulcer disease

Answer

Gluten intolerance

Answer

Crohn's disease

Answer

Irritable bowel syndrome

Question 49

Identify the hormone that primarily functions to inhibit both gastric acid secretion and gastric motility:

Accepted Answer

Somatostatin

Answer

Secretin

Answer

Cholecystokinin (CCK)

Answer

Ghrelin

Question 50

Which physiological event stimulates the release of gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)?

Accepted Answer

Presence of glucose in the small intestine

Answer

Mechanical distension of the small intestine

Answer

Increased acidity in the stomach

Answer

High levels of fat in the duodenum