Common Respiratory Conditions in Children: Learning Quizzes

Question 1

Which condition is the leading cause of respiratory distress in infants and young children?

Accepted Answer

Bronchiolitis

Answer

Asthma

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Question 2

What is the most common cause of wheezing in children under two years of age?

Accepted Answer

Bronchiolitis

Answer

Asthma

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Croup

Question 3

Which of the following is the most frequent cause of asthma exacerbations in children?

Accepted Answer

Viral respiratory infections

Answer

Environmental allergens

Answer

Physical exercise

Answer

Air pollution

Question 4

Which clinical sign is highly indicative of bronchiolitis in infants?

Accepted Answer

Subcostal retractions

Answer

Wheezing

Answer

Prolonged expiratory phase

Answer

Nasal flaring

Question 5

In children over 5 years of age, which antibiotic is recommended as the initial treatment for community-acquired pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Amoxicillin-clavulanate

Answer

Erythromycin

Answer

Ciprofloxacin

Answer

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Question 6

Which laboratory finding is considered the gold standard for diagnosing cystic fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

Elevated sweat chloride levels

Answer

Positive nasopharyngeal culture for Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer

Low hemoglobin levels

Answer

Elevated liver enzymes

Question 7

What is the recommended initial treatment for a child experiencing an acute asthma exacerbation?

Accepted Answer

Inhaled bronchodilator

Answer

Oral systemic corticosteroids

Answer

Oxygen therapy

Answer

Chest physiotherapy

Question 8

Which respiratory condition is characterized by recurrent episodes of wheezing and shortness of breath?

Accepted Answer

Asthma

Answer

Bronchiolitis

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Question 9

For a child in respiratory distress, which method of oxygen delivery is typically preferred?

Accepted Answer

Nasal cannula

Answer

Face mask

Answer

Tracheostomy

Answer

Mechanical ventilation

Question 10

Which of the following is a key clinical sign of bronchiolitis in children?

Accepted Answer

Tachypnea

Answer

Wheezing

Answer

Cyanosis

Answer

Stridor

Question 11

Which of the following is a potential complication of bronchiolitis in children, especially in infants and young children?

Accepted Answer

Pneumothorax

Answer

Myocarditis

Answer

Seizures

Answer

Appendicitis

Question 12

The typical presentation of bronchiolitis includes:

Accepted Answer

Wheezing and coughing

Answer

Coryza and sneezing

Answer

Fever and malaise

Answer

Vomiting and diarrhea

Question 13

The first-line medication for the treatment of acute asthma in children is:

Accepted Answer

Inhaled corticosteroids

Answer

Long-acting beta-agonists

Answer

Oral antibiotics

Answer

Intravenous fluids

Question 14

A common complication of bronchiolitis that may require supplemental oxygen is:

Accepted Answer

Apnea

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Pneumothorax

Answer

Cardiac arrhythmia

Question 15

The recommended first-line antibiotic for empirical treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in children is:

Accepted Answer

Amoxicillin-clavulanate

Answer

Erythromycin

Answer

Vancomycin

Answer

Cefotaxime

Question 16

The most common type of pneumonia in children is:

Accepted Answer

Viral pneumonia

Answer

Bacterial pneumonia

Answer

Fungal pneumonia

Answer

Parasitic pneumonia

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for asthma development in children?

Accepted Answer

Full-term birth

Answer

Family history of asthma

Answer

Exposure to tobacco smoke

Question 18

What is the most common cause of bronchiolitis in infants and young children?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Answer

Influenza virus

Answer

Parainfluenza virus

Answer

Adenovirus

Question 19

What is the first-line antibiotic typically used for community-acquired pneumonia in children?

Accepted Answer

Amoxicillin

Answer

Erythromycin

Answer

Levofloxacin

Answer

Vancomycin

Question 20

What is the primary mechanism of action of inhaled beta2-agonists in the treatment of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Bronchodilation

Answer

Mucolysis

Answer

Anti-inflammation

Answer

Immunosuppression

Question 21

Which of the following is a contraindication for using oral steroids in the management of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Active tuberculosis

Answer

Uncontrolled hypertension

Answer

Recent surgery

Answer

Diabetes mellitus

Question 22

Which virus is the primary cause of bronchiolitis in young children?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Answer

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer

Adenovirus

Answer

Influenza virus

Question 23

Which symptom is not typically associated with asthma in children?

Accepted Answer

Fever

Answer

Wheezing

Answer

Cough

Answer

Shortness of breath

Question 24

What is a defining clinical feature of asthma in children?

Accepted Answer

Wheezing

Answer

Persistent cough

Answer

Nasal congestion

Answer

Fever

Question 25

Which of the following is a well-established risk factor for developing asthma in children?

Accepted Answer

Exposure to secondhand smoke

Answer

Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life

Answer

Childhood obesity

Answer

Regular exercise

Question 26

Which of the following antibiotics is the first-line treatment for community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in children over 2 months of age?

Accepted Answer

Amoxicillin

Answer

Erythromycin

Answer

Vancomycin

Answer

Cefuroxime

Question 27

In a child with recurrent respiratory infections, which of the following findings would raise suspicion of an underlying immunodeficiency?

Accepted Answer

History of multiple hospitalizations for pneumonia

Answer

Presence of otitis media

Answer

Frequent colds

Answer

Allergies

Question 28

What is the most common cause of acute croup in children?

Accepted Answer

Parainfluenza virus

Answer

Influenza virus

Answer

Respiratory syncytial virus

Question 29

Which of the following is an absolute contraindication to the use of systemic corticosteroids in the management of acute asthma exacerbations in children?

Accepted Answer

Active tuberculosis

Answer

History of seizures

Answer

Mild symptoms

Answer

Recent viral infection

Question 30

What is the primary goal of the initial treatment for acute bronchiolitis in otherwise healthy infants and young children?

Accepted Answer

Providing supplemental oxygen to maintain adequate oxygen saturation

Answer

Administering albuterol nebulizers to relieve bronchospasm

Answer

Prescribing inhaled corticosteroids to reduce airway inflammation

Answer

Initiating antibiotics to treat the underlying infection

Question 31

Which of the following bacteria is the most common cause of acute epiglottitis in children?

Accepted Answer

Haemophilus influenzae type b

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Moraxella catarrhalis

Question 32

Which of the following is the most characteristic symptom of asthma in children?

Accepted Answer

Persistent wheezing

Answer

Sore throat

Answer

Sneezing

Answer

Occasional cough

Question 33

What is the most common causative agent of bronchiolitis in infants and young children worldwide?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Answer

Parainfluenza virus

Answer

Influenza virus

Answer

Human metapneumovirus

Question 34

Which of the following is a typical radiological finding in a chest X-ray of a child with pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Consolidation

Answer

Pulmonary edema

Answer

Atelectasis involving a single lung segment

Answer

Interstitial infiltrates

Question 35

What is the first-line bronchodilator medication for the treatment of acute asthma exacerbation?

Accepted Answer

Short-acting beta-agonist (SABA)

Answer

Inhaled ipratropium bromide

Answer

Oral theophylline

Answer

Systemic corticosteroids

Question 36

Which of the following is a common clinical manifestation of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in young infants?

Accepted Answer

Apnea

Answer

Otitis media

Answer

Conjunctivitis

Answer

Maculopapular rash

Question 37

When considering hospitalization for a child with pneumonia, which of the following is the most important factor to take into account?

Accepted Answer

Severity of respiratory distress

Answer

Age of the child

Answer

Presence of underlying medical conditions

Answer

Duration of symptoms

Question 38

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of asthma in young children?

Accepted Answer

Wheezing and shortness of breath

Answer

Fever

Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Nausea

Question 39

Which of the following is the most predominant bacterial cause of community-acquired pneumonia in infants and young children?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae type b

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Moraxella catarrhalis

Question 40

What is the first-line treatment for an acute asthma exacerbation in children?

Accepted Answer

Short-acting beta-agonist inhaler (e.g., salbutamol)

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Oxygen therapy

Answer

Intravenous fluids

Question 41

Which of the following is not a common supportive care measure for bronchiolitis in infants?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Chest physiotherapy

Answer

Oxygen therapy

Answer

Nasal saline irrigations

Question 42

When should antibiotic therapy be considered for community-acquired pneumonia in children?

Accepted Answer

When the child appears toxic, has clinical or radiological signs of consolidation, or is immunocompromised

Answer

When the child has greenish sputum

Answer

When the child has a white blood cell count greater than 15,000/mm3

Answer

When the child has a fever and cough

Question 43

What is the most effective prophylactic measure to prevent severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in high-risk infants?

Accepted Answer

Monthly intramuscular injections of palivizumab during the RSV season

Answer

Frequent handwashing

Answer

Influenza vaccine

Answer

Breastfeeding

Question 44

What is the most common viral cause of bronchiolitis in infants and young children?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

Answer

Parainfluenza virus

Answer

Rhinovirus

Answer

Adenovirus

Question 45

Which of the following is a key diagnostic criterion for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children?

Accepted Answer

New infiltrate on chest radiograph AND respiratory symptoms

Answer

New infiltrate on chest radiograph only

Answer

Respiratory symptoms only

Question 46

Which medication is considered the first-line treatment for mild to moderate asthma in children?

Accepted Answer

Inhaled short-acting beta-agonist (SABA)

Answer

Oral steroids

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Inhaled long-acting beta-agonist (LABA)

Question 47

What is the recommended empirical antibiotic treatment for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children?

Accepted Answer

Amoxicillin-clavulanate

Answer

Erythromycin

Answer

Azithromycin

Question 48

What is the primary effect of inhaled short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs) in the management of asthma?

Accepted Answer

Bronchodilation

Answer

Immunomodulatory

Answer

Anti-inflammatory

Answer

Mucolytic

Question 49

Which of the following is a characteristic finding on chest auscultation in asthma?

Accepted Answer

Wheezing

Answer

Stridor

Answer

Rales

Answer

Crackles

Question 50

What is the most common causative agent of bronchiolitis in children?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)

Answer

Influenza virus

Answer

Adenovirus

Answer

Parainfluenza virus

Question 51

Which of the following is a risk factor for developing pneumonia in children?

Accepted Answer

Prematurity

Answer

Obesity

Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Allergic rhinitis

Question 52

What is the recommended first-line treatment for mild-to-moderate asthma in children?

Accepted Answer

Inhaled corticosteroids

Answer

Chest physiotherapy

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Bronchodilators

Question 53

Which of the following is a symptom of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in children?

Accepted Answer

Hypoxemia

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Hyperglycemia

Answer

Tachycardia

Question 54

What is the most common complication of bronchopneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Empyema

Answer

Meningitis

Answer

Pericarditis

Question 55

Which of the following is a contraindication to using epinephrine in the management of anaphylaxis?

Accepted Answer

Tachycardia

Answer

Cyanosis

Answer

Bronchospasm

Answer

Hypotension

Question 56

What is the gold standard for diagnosing pneumonia in children?

Accepted Answer

Chest X-ray

Answer

Blood culture

Answer

Physical examination

Question 57

Which of the following is a clinical sign of respiratory distress in an infant?

Accepted Answer

Nasal flaring

Answer

Cough

Answer

Wheezing

Question 58

What is the recommended duration of treatment for acute otitis media in children?

Accepted Answer

10-14 days

Answer

7-10 days

Answer

3-5 days