Hematologic Disorders in Children: Online Learning Quizzes

Question 1

In children, which type of leukemia is most common?

Accepted Answer

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Answer

Acute myeloid leukemia

Answer

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Answer

Chronic myeloid leukemia

Question 2

Which of the following is a common clinical feature of iron deficiency anemia?

Accepted Answer

Pallor

Answer

Jaundice

Answer

Splenomegaly

Answer

Thrombocytopenia

Question 3

Which type of leukemia is the most prevalent in children?

Accepted Answer

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

Answer

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

Answer

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

Answer

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)

Question 4

A 5-year-old boy presents with symptoms of pallor, fatigue, and irritability. His hemoglobin level is 7.5 g/dL. What is the most likely underlying cause of his anemia?

Accepted Answer

Iron deficiency

Answer

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Answer

Folate deficiency

Answer

Sickle cell disease

Question 5

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of sickle cell disease?

Accepted Answer

Sickling of red blood cells

Answer

Increased hemoglobin production

Answer

Absence of anemia

Answer

Thrombocytosis

Question 6

What is the most commonly observed symptom in children with iron deficiency anemia?

Accepted Answer

Fatigue

Answer

Pica

Answer

Pallor

Answer

Dyspnea

Question 7

In children with leukemia, which organ system is most commonly affected?

Accepted Answer

Bone marrow

Answer

Lymph nodes

Answer

Liver

Answer

Spleen

Question 8

What is considered the gold standard for diagnosing leukemia in children?

Accepted Answer

Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

Answer

Complete blood count

Answer

Peripheral blood smear

Answer

Flow cytometry

Question 9

In children with sickle cell disease, what is a characteristic finding on a peripheral blood smear?

Accepted Answer

Sickled red blood cells

Answer

Increased platelet count

Answer

Decreased hemoglobin concentration

Answer

Increased white blood cell count

Question 10

What is the primary treatment for iron deficiency anemia in children?

Accepted Answer

Oral iron supplements

Answer

Intravenous iron therapy

Answer

Blood transfusion

Answer

Erythropoietin administration

Question 11

What is a typical clinical finding in iron deficiency anemia?

Accepted Answer

Pallor

Answer

Jaundice

Answer

Lymphadenopathy

Answer

Splenomegaly

Question 12

In children, what is the most common initial symptom of iron deficiency anemia?

Accepted Answer

Pallor

Answer

Jaundice

Answer

Swollen lymph nodes

Answer

Enlarged spleen

Question 13

What is a defining characteristic of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)?

Accepted Answer

Immature blastic cells infiltrate the bone marrow, disrupting normal blood cell production.

Answer

It is the most common type of leukemia in adults.

Answer

It is characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome.

Answer

It usually presents with a gradual onset of symptoms over several months.

Question 14

Which of the following is not a typical clinical manifestation of iron deficiency anemia in children?

Accepted Answer

Jaundice

Answer

Pallor

Answer

Fatigue

Answer

Growth retardation

Question 15

The predominant type of leukemia diagnosed in children is:

Accepted Answer

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

Answer

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

Answer

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

Answer

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)

Question 16

The initial line of treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) generally includes:

Accepted Answer

Chemotherapy

Answer

Radiation therapy

Answer

Stem cell transplantation

Answer

Immunotherapy

Question 17

The most common cause of a low platelet count in children is:

Accepted Answer

Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)

Answer

Viral infections

Answer

Bone marrow failure syndromes

Answer

Sepsis

Question 18

Which laboratory finding is characteristic of iron deficiency anemia?

Accepted Answer

Decreased serum iron

Answer

Reticulocytosis

Answer

Elevated lactate dehydrogenase

Answer

Increased total bilirubin

Question 19

Globally, which type of anemia is most prevalent in children?

Accepted Answer

Iron deficiency anemia

Answer

Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia

Answer

Mediterranean anemia

Answer

Aplastic anemia

Question 20

Which of the following is typically the most common type of childhood leukemia?

Accepted Answer

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

Answer

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

Answer

Chronic lymphoblastic leukemia (CLL)

Answer

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)

Question 21

What is generally considered the primary diagnostic test for lymphoma in children?

Accepted Answer

Lymph node biopsy

Answer

Bone marrow biopsy

Answer

Blood test

Answer

Imaging study (e.g., CT scan)

Question 22

What is the primary objective of transfusion therapy in children with severe anemia?

Accepted Answer

To increase oxygen delivery to tissues

Answer

To prevent organ damage

Answer

To stimulate erythropoiesis

Answer

To correct underlying bleeding disorders

Question 23

Which dietary supplement is generally recommended for children with sickle cell anemia?

Accepted Answer

Folic acid

Answer

Iron

Answer

Vitamin C

Answer

Vitamin D

Question 24

In children, which type of leukemia is most common?

Accepted Answer

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Answer

Acute myeloid leukemia

Answer

Chronic myeloid leukemia

Answer

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Question 25

Which features are most characteristic of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) in a child with recurrent infections?

Accepted Answer

Recurrent sepsis, persistent lymphopenia, and consanguinity

Answer

Recurrent sinopulmonary infections and failure to thrive

Answer

Recurrent bacterial meningitis, normal white blood cell counts, and normal immunoglobulin levels

Answer

Recurrent otitis media, impaired delayed-type hypersensitivity testing results, and normal lymphocyte counts

Question 26

What is the most common cause of microcytic hypochromic anemia in children?

Accepted Answer

Iron deficiency

Answer

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Answer

Folate deficiency

Question 27

Which type of leukemia is most common in children?

Accepted Answer

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

Answer

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

Answer

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

Answer

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)

Question 28

In children, which type of anemia is most prevalent?

Accepted Answer

Iron deficiency anemia

Answer

Sickle cell anemia

Answer

Thalassemia

Answer

Aplastic anemia

Question 29

Which characteristic feature is associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)?

Accepted Answer

Leukemic blasts with L1 morphology

Answer

Abnormal hemoglobin electrophoresis

Answer

Bone marrow fibrosis

Answer

Elevated platelet count

Question 30

Which potential complication is associated with sickle cell anemia?

Accepted Answer

Stroke

Answer

Meningitis

Answer

Malaria

Answer

Pneumonia

Question 31

A twelve-year-old child presents with recurrent episodes of bone pain, fatigue, and bruising. A CBC reveals a low platelet count and prolonged prothrombin time. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)

Answer

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)

Answer

Von Willebrand disease

Answer

Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)

Question 32

Which treatment is considered as first-line in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)?

Accepted Answer

Chemotherapy

Answer

Stem cell transplant

Answer

Radiation therapy

Question 33

Which potential side effect is associated with chemotherapy in children with leukemia?

Accepted Answer

Myelosuppression

Answer

Osteoporosis

Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Hypertension

Question 34

Which type of leukemia is most prevalent in children commonly presenting with a high white blood cell count and an abnormal karyotype?

Accepted Answer

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)

Answer

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

Answer

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

Answer

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)

Question 35

Which of the following is the characteristic feature of sickle cell anemia resulting in impaired oxygen delivery to tissues?

Accepted Answer

Abnormal hemoglobin structure leading to sickling of red blood cells

Answer

Enlarged spleen

Answer

Deficiency of clotting factors

Answer

Increased production of white blood cells

Question 36

Which symptom is commonly associated with iron deficiency anemia, indicating insufficient red blood cell production?

Accepted Answer

Fatigue and weakness

Answer

Swelling in the lymph nodes

Answer

Skin rashes

Answer

Shortness of breath

Question 37

In the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which approach is typically employed as the primary modality to eliminate leukemia cells?

Accepted Answer

Multi-agent chemotherapy

Answer

Radiation therapy

Answer

Targeted therapy

Answer

Bone marrow transplant

Question 38

Which factor is strongly associated with an increased risk of developing lymphoma in children, particularly affecting the immune system?

Accepted Answer

Immunodeficiency

Answer

Exposure to ultraviolet radiation

Answer

Tobacco use

Answer

Advanced age

Question 39

Which complication is a potential consequence of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) arising from the uncontrolled proliferation of myeloid cells?

Accepted Answer

Myelofibrosis

Answer

Hemolytic anemia

Answer

Gastrointestinal bleeding

Answer

Thrombocytopenia

Question 40

For the initial management of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in children, which therapeutic intervention is recommended as the first-line approach?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) administration

Answer

Platelet transfusion

Answer

Splenectomy

Answer

Oral corticosteroids

Question 41

Which underlying condition is the most common cause of iron overload in children, resulting in excessive iron accumulation in the body?

Accepted Answer

Thalassemia major

Answer

Sideroblastic anemia

Answer

Iron dextran injections

Answer

Hemochromatosis

Question 42

Which type of anemia is most prevalent among children?

Accepted Answer

Iron deficiency anemia

Answer

Sickle cell anemia

Answer

Thalassemia

Answer

Aplastic anemia

Question 43

In children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), which set of symptoms is characteristic?

Accepted Answer

Pallor, fatigue, petechiae, and lymphadenopathy

Answer

Cough, wheezing, and dyspnea

Answer

Jaundice, splenomegaly, and bruising

Answer

Fever, rash, and arthralgias

Question 44

In a patient suspected of having hemolytic anemia, what laboratory finding is indicative?

Accepted Answer

Elevated reticulocyte count

Answer

Low platelet count

Answer

Increased white blood cell count

Answer

Decreased hemoglobin level

Question 45

Which factor is recognized as a potential risk for iron deficiency anemia development in children?

Accepted Answer

Premature birth

Answer

Chron's disease

Answer

Vitamin B12 deficiency

Answer

Obesity

Question 46

In the United States, at what age is routine sickle cell anemia screening recommended?

Accepted Answer

Newborn period

Answer

5 years of age

Answer

10 years of age

Answer

1 year of age

Question 47

Among the complications of severe thrombocytopenia, which is a potential life-threatening concern?

Accepted Answer

Intracranial hemorrhage

Answer

Renal calculi

Answer

Hepatic failure

Answer

Cardiac arrhythmias

Question 48

In children, what is commonly the underlying cause of neutropenia?

Accepted Answer

Viral infections

Answer

Bacterial infections

Answer

Autoimmune diseases

Question 49

When managing idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in children, which approach is typically the initial strategy?

Accepted Answer

Observation and supportive care

Answer

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG)

Answer

Immediate platelet transfusion

Answer

Splenectomy

Question 50

For a child suspected of having lymphoma, which imaging technique is preferred to evaluate lymphadenopathy?

Accepted Answer

Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan

Answer

Plain X-ray

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

Ultrasound