Coronary Artery Disease: Definition, Risk Factors, Symptoms, and Treatment

Question 1

Which symptom is typically the first sign of acute coronary syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Chest pain

Answer

Shortness of breath

Answer

Nausea

Answer

Fainting

Question 2

Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor for coronary artery disease?

Accepted Answer

Age

Answer

High blood pressure

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Obesity

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a modifiable risk factor for coronary artery disease?

Accepted Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

High cholesterol levels

Question 4

What is the most common symptom of stable angina?

Accepted Answer

Chest pain or discomfort that is precipitated by exertion or emotional stress and relieved by rest or nitroglycerin

Answer

Shortness of breath

Answer

Fatigue

Answer

Nausea

Question 5

Which of the following medications is NOT commonly used to treat angina?

Accepted Answer

Anticoagulants

Answer

Nitroglycerin

Answer

Aspirin

Answer

Beta-blockers

Question 6

What is the pathophysiological basis of most coronary artery disease?

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Arrhythmias

Answer

Inflammation

Question 7

Which of the following imaging techniques is NOT used to visualize the coronary arteries?

Accepted Answer

Ultrasound

Answer

X-ray angiography

Answer

Computed tomography angiography

Answer

Magnetic resonance angiography

Question 8

In the pharmacological management of stable coronary artery disease, which medication class is considered a cornerstone?

Accepted Answer

Statins

Answer

Ace inhibitors

Answer

Diuretics

Question 9

In coronary artery disease, which plaque type is most strongly linked to acute coronary syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Thin-cap fibroatheroma plaque

Answer

Calcified plaque

Answer

Non-calcified plaque

Question 10

A patient presents with both coronary artery disease and chronic kidney disease. Which medication requires careful consideration for administration due to potential complications?

Accepted Answer

Warfarin

Answer

Aspirin

Answer

Clopidogrel

Question 11

The primary pathophysiological mechanism underlying coronary artery disease is:

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis, leading to plaque formation in coronary arteries

Answer

Inflammation of the heart muscle

Answer

Abnormal heart rhythms

Answer

Reduced blood flow to the brain

Question 12

Which of the following is a hallmark symptom of angina pectoris?

Accepted Answer

Chest pain or discomfort

Answer

Shortness of breath

Answer

Fatigue

Answer

Dizziness

Question 13

The gold standard diagnostic test for confirming the presence of coronary artery disease is:

Accepted Answer

Coronary angiography

Answer

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Answer

Echocardiogram

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the heart

Question 14

The initial pharmacological treatment for stable angina pectoris typically involves the use of:

Accepted Answer

Nitrates

Answer

Beta-blockers

Answer

Calcium channel blockers

Answer

Aspirin

Question 15

The primary aim of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is to:

Accepted Answer

Restore blood flow to obstructed coronary arteries

Answer

Enhance heart muscle function

Answer

Prevent future cardiac events

Answer

Lower cholesterol levels

Question 16

In the management of coronary artery disease, statins primarily function to:

Accepted Answer

Reduce LDL cholesterol and enhance plaque stability

Answer

Suppress inflammation

Answer

Inhibit blood clot formation

Answer

Improve heart muscle function

Question 17

What is the most prevalent type of angina?

Accepted Answer

Stable angina

Answer

Unstable angina

Answer

Variant angina

Answer

Prinzmetal's angina

Question 18

Which diagnostic imaging test is most commonly employed to identify coronary artery disease?

Accepted Answer

Coronary angiography

Answer

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Answer

Stress test

Answer

Echocardiography

Question 19

What is the underlying pathophysiological process leading to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in coronary arteries?

Accepted Answer

Accumulation of lipids and inflammatory cells in the arterial wall

Answer

Vasospasm and endothelial dysfunction

Answer

Thrombus formation

Answer

Myocardial ischemia

Question 20

What is the primary role of statins in the management of coronary artery disease?

Accepted Answer

To lower cholesterol levels

Answer

To reduce inflammation

Answer

To prevent blood clots

Answer

To improve blood vessel function

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a well-established risk factor for coronary artery disease?

Accepted Answer

Young age

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

High cholesterol

Answer

Low physical activity

Question 22

The most common symptom of coronary artery disease is:

Accepted Answer

Chest pain or discomfort

Answer

Shortness of breath

Answer

Fatigue

Answer

Palpitations

Question 23

Which of the following non-invasive diagnostic tests is most commonly used to evaluate coronary artery disease?

Accepted Answer

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Answer

Echocardiogram

Answer

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

Coronary angiography

Question 24

Which of the following classes of medications is commonly used to reduce cholesterol and prevent plaque formation in coronary artery disease?

Accepted Answer

Statins

Answer

Aspirin

Answer

Clopidogrel

Answer

Warfarin

Question 25

What is the central pathophysiological event leading to coronary artery disease?

Accepted Answer

Intimal thickening

Answer

Arterial thrombosis

Answer

Vasospasm

Answer

Venous stasis

Question 26

Which of the following is the characteristic symptom of stable angina?

Accepted Answer

Substernal chest pain

Answer

Shortness of breath

Answer

Leg pain

Answer

Nausea

Question 27

What is the first-line diagnostic test for suspected coronary artery disease?

Accepted Answer

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Answer

Echocardiogram

Answer

Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

Coronary angiography

Question 28

What is the primary pathological process underlying coronary artery disease (CAD)?

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis

Answer

Myocardial infarction

Answer

Valvular heart disease

Answer

Hypertension

Question 29

The pathophysiology of CAD involves a cascade of events. Which of the following is an early initiating factor in the development of atherosclerotic plaques in coronary arteries?

Accepted Answer

Endothelial dysfunction

Answer

Increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol

Answer

Reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol

Answer

Inflammation

Question 30

Which of the following presentations is most commonly associated with acute myocardial infarction (MI)?

Accepted Answer

Sudden onset of severe chest pain

Answer

Shortness of breath

Answer

Fatigue

Answer

Nausea and vomiting

Question 31

The gold standard diagnostic test for obstructive CAD is:

Accepted Answer

Coronary angiogram

Answer

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Answer

Echocardiogram

Answer

Stress test

Question 32

Which of the following is NOT a first-line treatment option for stable angina?

Accepted Answer

Cardiac catheterization

Answer

Aspirin

Answer

Statins

Answer

Beta-blockers

Question 33

The use of nitroglycerin in the management of angina pectoris is aimed at:

Accepted Answer

Dilating coronary arteries

Answer

Reducing myocardial workload

Answer

Inhibiting platelet aggregation

Answer

Preventing thrombosis

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT a major risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease?

Accepted Answer

Regular physical activity

Answer

High blood pressure

Answer

Obesity

Answer

Smoking

Question 35

The primary underlying pathological process in coronary artery disease is:

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis

Answer

Inflammation

Answer

Thrombosis

Answer

Vasospasm

Question 36

Which of the following is a common clinical manifestation of coronary artery disease?

Accepted Answer

Chest pain

Answer

Shortness of breath

Answer

Cough

Answer

Fatigue

Question 37

The diagnostic test considered the gold standard for the evaluation of coronary artery disease is:

Accepted Answer

Coronary angiography

Answer

Stress test

Answer

Electrocardiogram

Answer

Echocardiogram

Question 38

In the context of acute coronary syndrome, which of the following urgent interventions is most frequently indicated?

Accepted Answer

Percutaneous coronary intervention

Answer

Coronary artery bypass grafting

Answer

Renal artery angioplasty

Answer

Carotid endarterectomy

Question 39

Which of the following lifestyle modifications is beneficial for both preventing and managing coronary artery disease?

Accepted Answer

Smoking cessation

Answer

High-fat diet

Answer

Increased alcohol consumption

Answer

Sedentary lifestyle

Question 40

Describe the key principles of cardiac rehabilitation and explain how it enhances patient outcomes in coronary artery disease management.

Accepted Answer

Cardiac rehabilitation encompasses exercise, stress management techniques, and lifestyle adjustments.

Answer

Cardiac rehabilitation solely relies on medications and surgical procedures.

Answer

Cardiac rehabilitation aims to fully cure coronary artery disease.

Answer

Cardiac rehabilitation programs are only offered in hospital settings.

Question 41

Which of the following is a major risk factor for developing coronary artery disease?

Accepted Answer

Smoking

Answer

Adequate sleep

Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Low cholesterol levels

Question 42

The primary underlying mechanism of coronary artery disease is:

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis

Answer

Thrombosis

Answer

Vasospasm

Answer

Inflammation

Question 43

Which of the following is a typical clinical presentation of coronary artery disease?

Accepted Answer

Chest pain (angina)

Answer

Fever

Answer

Cough

Answer

Nausea and vomiting

Question 44

The most definitive diagnostic test for coronary artery disease is:

Accepted Answer

Coronary angiography

Answer

Stress test

Answer

Electrocardiogram

Answer

Echocardiogram

Question 45

Which of the following is a first-line medication for the treatment of stable coronary artery disease?

Accepted Answer

Aspirin

Answer

Nitroglycerin

Answer

Warfarin

Answer

Heparin

Question 46

The primary goal of lifestyle modifications in coronary artery disease management is to:

Accepted Answer

Reduce modifiable risk factors and improve overall cardiovascular health

Answer

Improve prognosis

Answer

Prevent complications

Answer

Relieve symptoms

Question 47

The most serious potential complication of coronary artery bypass grafting is:

Accepted Answer

Stroke

Answer

Bleeding

Answer

Infection

Answer

Myocardial infarction

Question 48

Which of the following patient education strategies is essential for effective coronary artery disease management?

Accepted Answer

Emphasizing lifestyle modifications and self-care measures

Answer

Providing detailed medical terminology

Answer

Downplaying the seriousness of the disease

Answer

Focusing on medications only

Question 49

The long-term prognosis for patients with well-managed coronary artery disease is generally:

Accepted Answer

Favorable with proper adherence to treatment and lifestyle modifications

Answer

Usually fatal within 5 years

Answer

Highly variable

Answer

Always poor

Question 50

Which of the following is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease?

Accepted Answer

Smoking

Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Healthy diet

Answer

Low stress levels

Question 51

What is the primary pathological mechanism leading to coronary artery disease?

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis

Answer

Vasospasm

Answer

Inflammation

Answer

Thrombus formation

Question 52

Which of the following is a classic symptom of stable angina pectoris?

Accepted Answer

Chest pain that is relieved by rest or nitroglycerin

Answer

Sudden onset of severe chest pain

Answer

Shortness of breath

Question 53

Which diagnostic test is considered the gold standard for evaluating coronary artery disease?

Accepted Answer

Coronary angiography

Answer

Cardiac MRI

Answer

Stress echocardiogram

Answer

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Question 54

What is the first-line medical therapy for stable coronary artery disease?

Accepted Answer

Aspirin

Answer

Clopidogrel

Answer

Warfarin

Answer

Heparin

Question 55

Which interventional procedure is indicated for patients with severe, unresponsive angina pectoris?

Accepted Answer

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)

Answer

Aortic valve replacement

Answer

Carotid endarterectomy

Answer

Pacemaker insertion

Question 56

What is the primary lifestyle modification recommended for reducing the risk of coronary artery disease?

Accepted Answer

Smoking cessation

Answer

Stress management

Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Dietary changes

Question 57

What is the recommended target LDL cholesterol level for patients with coronary artery disease?

Accepted Answer

<70 mg/dL

Answer

<150 mg/dL

Answer

<120 mg/dL

Answer

<100 mg/dL