Common Medical Conditions: Diagnosis and Management for Family Medicine

Question 1

In the majority of cases, what is the primary cause of acute sinusitis?

Accepted Answer

Viral infection

Answer

Bacterial infection

Answer

Fungal infection

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of sinusitis?

Accepted Answer

Cough

Answer

Facial pain or pressure

Answer

Nasal discharge

Answer

Fever

Question 3

Which organism is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in adults?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Chlamydia pneumoniae

Question 4

In adults, what is the recommended initial medication class for hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Thiazide diuretic

Answer

ACE inhibitor

Answer

Calcium channel blocker

Answer

Beta-blocker

Question 5

What is the most frequent type of headache experienced?

Accepted Answer

Tension headache

Answer

Migraine

Answer

Cluster headache

Answer

Chronic daily headache

Question 6

For individuals between 50-75 years old, what is the preferred screening test for colorectal cancer?

Accepted Answer

Colonoscopy

Answer

Sigmoidoscopy

Answer

Fecal occult blood test

Answer

Virtual colonoscopy

Question 7

A 50-year-old woman comes to the clinic with abdominal pain and diarrhea. Which test is most helpful to diagnose her condition?

Accepted Answer

Stool culture

Answer

Complete blood count (CBC)

Answer

Abdominal X-ray

Answer

Liver function tests

Question 8

In family medicine, hypertension treatment should prioritize:

Accepted Answer

Initial implementation of lifestyle modifications.

Answer

Immediate prescription of antihypertensive medications.

Answer

Close blood pressure monitoring for an extended period before treatment.

Answer

Immediate referral to a specialist for comprehensive evaluation.

Question 9

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of acute otitis media?

Accepted Answer

Ear discomfort

Answer

Hoarseness

Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Skin rash

Question 10

What type of skin cancer is the most prevalent?

Accepted Answer

Basal cell carcinoma

Answer

Melanoma

Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer

Merkel cell carcinoma

Question 11

For women with a normal Pap test result, what is the standard recommended interval between cervical cancer screenings?

Accepted Answer

Every 5 years

Answer

Every 1 year

Answer

Every 3 years

Answer

Every 10 years

Question 12

A 30-year-old male presents with essential hypertension. What is the initial step in creating a treatment plan?

Accepted Answer

Take a complete medical history and perform a physical exam

Answer

Refer to a cardiologist for an echocardiogram

Answer

Prescribe antihypertensive medication

Answer

Order lab tests

Question 13

The appropriate management for uncomplicated acute bronchitis is:

Accepted Answer

Observation

Answer

Antibiotic therapy

Answer

Cough suppressants

Answer

Expectorants

Question 14

A contraindication to the use of inhaled beta-agonists in asthma management is:

Accepted Answer

Cardiac arrhythmias

Answer

History of hypertension

Answer

Uncontrolled diabetes

Answer

Pregnancy

Question 15

The predominant risk factor for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is:

Accepted Answer

Smoking

Answer

Air pollution

Answer

Occupational exposure to dust or chemicals

Answer

Genetics

Question 16

The preferred imaging modality for diagnosing acute cholecystitis is:

Accepted Answer

Ultrasound

Answer

Computed tomography (CT)

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

Barium swallow

Question 17

The first-line treatment for uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) is:

Accepted Answer

Cephalexin

Answer

Doxycycline

Answer

Clindamycin

Answer

Vancomycin

Question 18

When a 65-year-old male presents with chest pain and shortness of breath, what should be the first step in determining the cause?

Accepted Answer

Take a complete medical history and perform a physical exam

Answer

Order an echocardiogram

Answer

Refer the patient to a cardiologist

Answer

Prescribe medications for chest pain and shortness of breath

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a primary symptom of acute otitis media in adults?

Accepted Answer

Nasal congestion

Answer

Ear pain

Answer

Hearing loss

Answer

Fever

Question 20

The first-line antimicrobial treatment for uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) in healthy adults is:

Accepted Answer

Nitrofurantoin

Answer

Amoxicillin

Answer

Trimethoprim

Answer

Ciprofloxacin

Question 21

The most common causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia in adults is:

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Haemophilus influenzae

Answer

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer

Chlamydia pneumoniae

Question 22

The recommended screening interval for cervical cancer in average-risk women is:

Accepted Answer

Every 3-5 years

Answer

Every 1-2 years

Answer

Every 5-10 years

Answer

Every 10-15 years

Question 23

Which of the following interventions has demonstrated the greatest efficacy in reducing the risk of falls in elderly patients?

Accepted Answer

Multifactorial assessment and intervention

Answer

Medication review

Answer

Vitamin D supplementation

Answer

Home safety modifications

Question 24

What is the primary cause of acute bronchitis?

Accepted Answer

Viral infection

Answer

Bacterial infection

Answer

Mold exposure

Answer

Pollen allergy

Question 25

Which of the following is **not** a key component of the History of Present Illness (HPI)?

Accepted Answer

Laterality

Answer

Onset

Answer

Duration

Answer

Severity

Question 26

What is the most common cause of acute bronchitis?

Accepted Answer

Influenza virus

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer

Chlamydia pneumoniae

Question 27

Which of the following is a characteristic physical exam finding of pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Crackles

Answer

Wheezing

Answer

Diaphoresis

Answer

Tachycardia

Question 28

What is the most common cause of low back pain?

Accepted Answer

Lumbar strain

Answer

Herniated disc

Answer

Spondylolisthesis

Answer

Sciatica

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a typical presenting symptom of hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Shortness of breath

Answer

Headache

Answer

Blurred vision

Answer

Chest pain

Question 30

Which laboratory test is considered the most specific for diagnosing diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin A1C

Answer

Fasting blood glucose

Answer

Oral glucose tolerance test

Answer

Urine glucose

Question 31

What is the primary goal of treating hyperlipidemia in patients with a high risk of cardiovascular events?

Accepted Answer

Reduce LDL cholesterol by 50%

Answer

Increase HDL cholesterol by 20%

Answer

Lower triglycerides by 30%

Answer

Achieve a total cholesterol level below 200 mg/dL

Question 32

What is the most common underlying cause of secondary hyperparathyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Chronic kidney disease

Answer

Vitamin D deficiency

Answer

Hypercalcemia

Answer

Hypophosphatemia

Question 33

Which condition is a contraindication to using inhaled corticosteroids for treating asthma?

Accepted Answer

Active tuberculosis

Answer

Recent heart attack

Answer

Liver impairment

Answer

Pregnancy

Question 34

In pregnant women, which type of anemia is most frequently encountered?

Accepted Answer

Iron deficiency anemia

Answer

Folate deficiency anemia

Answer

Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia

Answer

Hemolytic anemia

Question 35

For a young adult experiencing non-traumatic chest pain, what is the most common underlying cause?

Accepted Answer

Muscle or bone issue

Answer

Heart attack

Answer

Blood clot in the lungs

Answer

Tearing of the main artery

Question 36

What are the diagnostic criteria for uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI) in women?

Accepted Answer

Dysuria, frequency, and suprapubic pain

Answer

Fever, chills, and flank pain

Answer

Cloudy or foul-smelling urine

Question 37

Which of the following is a cardinal sign of inflammation and characterized by redness and warmth in the affected area?

Accepted Answer

Rubor (Redness)

Answer

Jaundice

Answer

Pallor

Answer

Cyanosis

Question 38

A 27-year-old patient presents with sudden onset of severe right lower quadrant abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Which of the following conditions is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Appendicitis

Answer

Pancreatitis

Answer

Gastritis

Answer

Cholecystitis

Question 39

Which class of medication is typically first-line for the treatment of uncomplicated hypertension in adults?

Accepted Answer

ACE inhibitor

Answer

Calcium channel blocker

Answer

Diuretic

Answer

Beta-blocker

Question 40

A patient presents with fever, cough, and shortness of breath. A chest X-ray reveals bilateral infiltrates. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Asthma

Answer

COPD

Answer

Pneumothorax

Question 41

Which of the following is a well-established risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

Obesity

Answer

Alcohol consumption

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Stress

Question 42

A patient with persistent diarrhea undergoes diagnostic testing. Which test is most appropriate to identify the causative agent?

Accepted Answer

Stool culture

Answer

Physical examination

Answer

Imaging study

Answer

Blood test

Question 43

Which of the following medications is commonly used to treat moderate to severe depression?

Accepted Answer

Sertraline (SSRI)

Answer

Albuterol

Answer

Metformin

Answer

Ibuprofen

Question 44

A patient presents with a symmetrical, polyarticular rash, fever, and joint pain. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Rheumatoid arthritis

Answer

Lupus

Answer

Gout

Answer

Osteoarthritis

Question 45

Which of the following is an absolute contraindication to performing an MRI scan?

Accepted Answer

наличию имплантированных металлических устройств

Answer

Pregnancy

Answer

Claustrophobia

Answer

Kidney disease

Question 46

A patient with a history of smoking presents with a persistent cough and shortness of breath. Which of the following conditions is most likely?

Accepted Answer

COPD

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Asthma

Answer

Emphysema

Question 47

A 55-year-old male with a past medical history of hypertension and dyslipidemia presents with acute onset of substernal chest pain associated with diaphoresis, radiating to the left arm. Electrocardiogram shows ST-segment elevation in leads II, III, and aVF. His initial management should include:

Accepted Answer

Aspirin and sublingual nitroglycerin

Answer

Lasix and dobutamine

Answer

Oxygen and morphine

Answer

Acetaminophen and bed rest

Question 48

A 25-year-old male with a history of asthma presents with acute exacerbation. On physical examination, he has wheezing, uses accessory muscles for respiration, and has a peak expiratory flow rate of 200 L/min. The most appropriate management includes:

Accepted Answer

Inhaled beta-2 agonist and systemic corticosteroids

Answer

Inhaled beta-2 agonist only

Answer

Oxygen and chest physiotherapy

Answer

Systemic corticosteroids only

Question 49

Which of the following is a typical clinical presentation of hyperthyroidism?

Accepted Answer

Tachycardia, heat intolerance, weight loss

Answer

Normocardia, normal temperature, stable weight

Answer

Hypotension, fatigue, edema

Answer

Bradycardia, cold intolerance, weight gain

Question 50

A 70-year-old female presents with a 6-month history of progressive dysphagia. Endoscopy reveals a mass in the esophageal lumen. Biopsy confirms esophageal adenocarcinoma. The most appropriate next step in management is:

Accepted Answer

Neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgical resection

Answer

Definitive chemoradiation therapy

Answer

Surgery followed by adjuvant chemoradiation

Answer

Palliative care with esophageal stenting

Question 51

Which of the following is a well-known risk factor for developing pressure ulcers?

Accepted Answer

Immobility, incontinence, malnutrition

Answer

Normal weight, smoking, low pain tolerance

Answer

Young age, good hygiene, frequent repositioning

Question 52

A 30-year-old female presents with a 3-month history of progressive fatigue, weight loss, and night sweats. Thyroid function tests show elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and low free thyroxine (T4) levels. The most likely diagnosis is:

Accepted Answer

Primary hypothyroidism

Answer

Grave's disease

Answer

Secondary hypothyroidism

Answer

Hyperthyroidism

Question 53

A 50-year-old male with a history of heart failure presents with worsening shortness of breath and edema. Physical examination reveals jugular venous distension, pulmonary rales, and an S3 gallop. The most appropriate management includes:

Accepted Answer

Diuretics, ACE inhibitors, and digoxin

Answer

Statins, anticoagulants, and antiplatelet agents

Answer

Insulin, metformin, and thiazolidinediones

Answer

Aspirin, beta-blockers, and calcium channel blockers

Question 54

Which of the following is a common cause of acute renal failure?

Accepted Answer

Prerenal azotemia, postrenal obstruction, glomerulonephritis

Answer

Diabetes, hypertension, heart failure

Answer

Hypercalcemia, hypokalemia, hyperthyroidism