Genitourinary Diseases: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Question 1

Which bacterium is the most prevalent cause of uncomplicated acute urinary tract infections (UTIs) in females?

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Candida albicans

Answer

Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 2

Which of the following is the most common cause of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) in women?

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Candida albicans

Answer

Chlamydia trachomatis

Question 3

What is the primary modifiable risk factor for developing kidney stones?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration

Answer

Obesity

Answer

High blood pressure

Answer

Diabetes

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT typically a symptom of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?

Accepted Answer

Fever

Answer

Genital discharge

Answer

Painful urination

Answer

Itching or irritation

Question 5

Which imaging technique is typically the initial choice for diagnosing kidney stones?

Accepted Answer

Ultrasound

Answer

Computed tomography (CT) scan

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)

Question 6

What is the primary aim of antibiotic prophylaxis in transurethral procedures?

Accepted Answer

Prevent infection of the bladder and urethra

Answer

Eradicate existing infections

Answer

Reduce pain and inflammation

Answer

Improve urinary flow

Question 7

Which of the following is a rare cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Accepted Answer

Streptococcus pyogenes

Answer

Escherichia coli

Answer

Proteus mirabilis

Answer

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 8

Which of the following symptoms is highly suggestive of kidney stones?

Accepted Answer

Renal colic

Answer

Dysuria

Answer

Frequent urination

Answer

Nocturia

Question 9

Which of the following laboratory tests is the most sensitive method for detecting sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer

Complete blood count

Answer

Urine analysis

Answer

Gram stain

Question 10

Which of the following antibiotics is NOT recommended for treating uncomplicated urinary tract infections?

Accepted Answer

Vancomycin

Answer

Nitrofurantoin

Answer

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

Answer

Ciprofloxacin

Question 11

Which of the following sexually transmitted infections poses the greatest risk of developing cervical cancer?

Accepted Answer

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Answer

Chlamydia trachomatis

Answer

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Answer

Herpes simplex virus (HSV)

Question 12

Which symptom is commonly associated with a urinary tract infection (UTI)?

Accepted Answer

Painful urination (Dysuria)

Answer

Fever

Answer

Hematuria

Answer

Skin rash

Question 13

Which type of kidney stone is predominant in the United States population?

Accepted Answer

Calcium oxalate

Answer

Uric acid

Answer

Magnesium ammonium phosphate

Answer

Cystine

Question 14

Which sexually transmitted infection (STI) is caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

Accepted Answer

Gonorrhea

Answer

Chlamydia

Answer

Syphilis

Answer

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Question 15

Which imaging technique is optimal for detecting kidney stones?

Accepted Answer

Computed tomography (CT) scan

Answer

Ultrasound

Answer

X-ray

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 16

What is the primary risk factor for the development of kidney stones?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration

Answer

Obesity

Answer

Excessive sodium intake

Answer

Inadequate calcium intake

Question 17

Which symptom is suggestive of severe pyelonephritis?

Accepted Answer

Chills (Rigors)

Answer

Flank pain

Answer

Fever

Answer

Nausea

Question 18

What is the most prevalent cause of male infertility?

Accepted Answer

Varicocele

Answer

Prostatitis

Answer

Retrograde ejaculation

Answer

Undescended testes (Cryptorchidism)

Question 19

Who should be screened for sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?

Accepted Answer

A 25-year-old male with no symptoms

Answer

A 45-year-old female in a monogamous relationship for 10 years

Answer

A 60-year-old male with a history of prostate cancer

Question 20

Which condition is the leading cause of male infertility, affecting roughly half of all cases?

Accepted Answer

Varicocele

Answer

Epididymitis

Answer

Cryptorchidism

Answer

Hypospadias

Question 21

Which microorganism is the most frequent cause of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer

Candida albicans

Question 22

Which symptom is highly suggestive of a kidney stone?

Accepted Answer

Intense flank pain

Answer

Increased urination at night

Answer

Urgent need to urinate

Answer

Painful urination

Question 23

What is the predominant mode of transmission for Chlamydia trachomatis?

Accepted Answer

Sexual intercourse

Answer

Sharing needles

Answer

Inhalation of respiratory droplets

Answer

Ingestion of contaminated food

Question 24

The most common cause of acute kidney injury is:

Accepted Answer

Reduced blood flow to the kidneys

Answer

Direct damage to the kidneys

Answer

Blockage of urine flow

Answer

Medications that are toxic to the kidneys

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT typically a symptom of a urinary tract infection (UTI)?

Accepted Answer

Skin rash

Answer

Dysuria

Answer

Frequency

Answer

Hematuria

Question 26

What is the most common type of kidney stone?

Accepted Answer

Calcium oxalate

Answer

Calcium phosphate

Answer

Uric acid

Answer

Cystine

Question 27

Which of the following is NOT a major risk factor for sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?

Accepted Answer

Condom use

Answer

Unprotected sex

Answer

Multiple sexual partners

Answer

Sharing contaminated needles

Question 28

What is the most common bacterial STI?

Accepted Answer

Chlamydia

Answer

Gonorrhea

Answer

Syphilis

Answer

Trichomoniasis

Question 29

What is the most common cause of interstitial cystitis?

Accepted Answer

Unknown

Answer

Infection

Answer

Autoimmune disease

Answer

Trauma

Question 30

Which of the following is the most serious complication of untreated pyelonephritis?

Accepted Answer

Renal abscess

Answer

Glomerulonephritis

Answer

Ureteral obstruction

Answer

Bladder perforation

Question 31

Which imaging technique employs high-frequency sound waves to evaluate the presence of kidney stones?

Accepted Answer

Ultrasound

Answer

X-ray

Answer

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Answer

Computed Tomography (CT) scan

Question 32

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of an uncomplicated urinary tract infection (UTI)?

Accepted Answer

Dysuria

Answer

Fever >38°C

Answer

Rash

Question 33

Which of the following is a common cause of kidney stones?

Accepted Answer

Hypercalciuria

Answer

Vitamin D deficiency

Answer

Hypothyroidism

Answer

Hyperuricemia

Question 34

A 60-year-old male is diagnosed with prostate cancer localized to the prostate. Which of the following treatments is considered the standard of care for this patient?

Accepted Answer

Radical prostatectomy

Answer

Chemotherapy

Answer

Radiation therapy

Answer

Hormonal therapy

Question 35

Which of the following is the most frequent causative agent of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) in otherwise healthy women?

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli

Answer

Enterococcus faecalis

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 36

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of a patient with a kidney stone?

Accepted Answer

Renal colic

Answer

Dysuria

Answer

Oliguria

Answer

Nocturia

Question 37

Which of the following sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is caused by a bacterium?

Accepted Answer

Chlamydia

Answer

Hepatitis B

Answer

Human papillomavirus

Answer

Herpes simplex virus

Question 38

Which of the following is the primary mode of transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis?

Accepted Answer

Sexual contact

Answer

Fomite transmission

Answer

Vertical transmission from mother to child

Answer

Blood transfusion

Question 39

Which of the following is a potential complication of untreated kidney stones?

Accepted Answer

Hydronephrosis

Answer

Anemia

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Diabetes

Question 40

Which imaging modality is considered the definitive test for diagnosing kidney stones?

Accepted Answer

Non-contrast computed tomography (CT) scan

Answer

Abdominal X-ray

Answer

Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)

Answer

Ultrasound

Question 41

A 25-year-old female presents with symptoms of urinary tract infection (UTI), including dysuria, frequency, and urgency. Urinalysis reveals pyuria and bacteriuria. What is the most likely diagnosis based on these findings?

Accepted Answer

Uncomplicated UTI

Answer

Interstitial cystitis

Answer

Kidney stone

Question 42

Which of the following is NOT considered a risk factor for kidney stone formation?

Accepted Answer

High fluid intake

Answer

Obesity

Answer

High-sodium diet

Answer

Dehydration

Question 43

Which of the following is a potential complication associated with kidney stones?

Accepted Answer

Hydronephrosis

Answer

Overactive bladder

Answer

Nocturia

Answer

Urinary incontinence

Question 44

What is the typical incubation period for chlamydia infection?

Accepted Answer

1-3 weeks

Answer

2-4 days

Answer

3-6 months

Answer

1-2 months

Question 45

Non-contrast computed tomography (CT) scan is considered the definitive test for diagnosing kidney stones. What imaging modality is best for evaluating bladder function and anatomy?

Accepted Answer

Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)

Answer

Ultrasound

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer

Intravenous pyelogram (IVP)

Question 46

Which class of medications is commonly used as a treatment option for overactive bladder syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Anticholinergics

Answer

Calcium channel blockers

Answer

Beta-blockers

Answer

Alpha-blockers

Question 47

Which of the following is the most frequent etiological agent of urethritis in males?

Accepted Answer

Chlamydia trachomatis

Answer

Trichomonas vaginalis

Answer

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Answer

Herpes simplex virus

Question 48

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Accepted Answer

Cutaneous eruption

Answer

Frequent urination

Answer

Urinary urgency

Answer

Dysuria

Question 49

Which microorganism is most commonly implicated in acute pyelonephritis?

Accepted Answer

Escherichia coli

Answer

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Answer

Proteus mirabilis

Answer

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Question 50

Which of the following is a recognized risk factor for nephrolithiasis formation?

Accepted Answer

Insufficient fluid intake

Answer

Liberal fluid consumption

Answer

Predominantly plant-based diet

Answer

Regular physical activity

Question 51

Worldwide, which sexually transmitted infection (STI) has the highest incidence?

Accepted Answer

Chlamydia trachomatis

Answer

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Answer

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Answer

Treponema pallidum