Common Gastrointestinal Diseases: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Question 1

Which of the following is the most common presenting symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Accepted Answer

Heartburn

Answer

Chest pain

Answer

Regurgitation

Answer

Nausea

Question 2

The endoscopic finding that is most characteristic of Crohn's disease is:

Accepted Answer

Cobblestoning

Answer

Aphthous ulcers

Answer

Transmural inflammation

Answer

Skip lesions

Question 3

The Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Gastrinoma and peptic ulcers

Answer

Carcinoid tumor and diarrhea

Answer

Insulinoma and hypoglycemia

Answer

Pheochromocytoma and hypertension

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for the development of colorectal cancer?

Accepted Answer

High fruit and vegetable intake

Answer

Increasing age

Answer

Personal or family history of colorectal cancer

Answer

Obesity

Question 5

The gold standard test for diagnosing Crohn's disease is:

Accepted Answer

Computerized tomography (CT) enterography

Answer

Upper endoscopy

Answer

Colonoscopy

Answer

Capsule endoscopy

Question 6

Which of the following is a characteristic symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Accepted Answer

Heartburn

Answer

Abdominal pain

Answer

Nausea

Answer

Vomiting

Question 7

What is the most common cause of peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Helicobacter pylori infection

Answer

Stress

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Excessive alcohol consumption

Question 8

What is the surgical intervention of choice for treating severe peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Vagotomy and pyloroplasty

Answer

Gastrectomy

Answer

Laparoscopic repair

Answer

Endoscopic mucosal resection

Question 9

What is the first-line treatment for mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis?

Accepted Answer

Aminosalicylates

Answer

Steroids

Answer

Immunomodulators

Answer

Biologic agents

Question 10

What is the primary differentiating feature between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease?

Accepted Answer

Location of inflammation

Answer

Type of inflammation

Answer

Severity of symptoms

Answer

Response to treatment

Question 11

Which of the following interventions is most important in the initial management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Accepted Answer

Lifestyle modifications, such as diet and stress management

Answer

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)

Answer

Fundoplication surgery

Answer

Anticholinergics

Question 12

The most common symptom of peptic ulcer disease is:

Accepted Answer

Abdominal pain

Answer

Dysphagia

Answer

Nausea and vomiting

Answer

Hematemesis

Question 13

Which of the following inflammatory bowel diseases is characterized by recurrent episodes of inflammation and ulceration primarily affecting the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

Ulcerative colitis

Answer

Crohn's disease

Answer

Diverticulitis

Answer

Microscopic colitis

Question 14

Which of the following tests is considered the gold standard for diagnosing peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Gastroscopy

Answer

Barium swallow

Answer

Upper GI series

Answer

Stool analysis

Question 15

In the case of a perforated peptic ulcer, what is the usual initial surgical intervention?

Accepted Answer

Simple closure

Answer

Vagotomy and drainage

Answer

Gastrectomy

Answer

Duodenectomy

Question 16

Which of the following complications of inflammatory bowel disease poses an immediate threat to life?

Accepted Answer

Toxic megacolon

Answer

Stenosis

Answer

Malnutrition

Answer

Perianal disease

Question 17

During endoscopic examination, which of the following is a characteristic finding in ulcerative colitis?

Accepted Answer

Diffusely friable mucosa

Answer

Aphthous ulcers

Answer

Cobblestone appearance

Answer

Skip lesions

Question 18

What is the primary goal of medical treatment for inflammatory bowel disease?

Accepted Answer

To induce disease remission

Answer

To prevent future complications

Answer

To achieve a cure

Answer

To improve the patient's overall quality of life

Question 19

For the definitive diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease, which diagnostic procedure is considered the gold standard?

Accepted Answer

Upper endoscopy with biopsy

Answer

Barium swallow with fluoroscopy

Answer

Gastric juice analysis

Answer

Stool antigen test

Question 20

Which of the following inflammatory bowel diseases is characterized by inflammation that affects the full thickness of the intestinal wall and often presents with discontinuous lesions?

Accepted Answer

Crohn's disease

Answer

Ulcerative colitis

Answer

Microscopic colitis

Answer

Diverticular disease

Question 21

In cases of uncomplicated diverticulitis, which type of medication is typically recommended as the first-line treatment?

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Antispasmodics

Answer

Surgery

Answer

Endoscopic intervention

Question 22

Which of the following medications is NOT commonly used in the treatment of gastroparesis?

Accepted Answer

Metformin

Answer

Metoclopramide

Answer

Ondansetron

Answer

Erythromycin

Question 23

What is the most prevalent symptom experienced by individuals with lactose intolerance?

Accepted Answer

Diarrhea and abdominal cramps

Answer

Nausea and vomiting

Answer

Constipation and bloating

Answer

Headaches and fatigue

Question 24

When treating Helicobacter pylori infection, which of the following is typically recommended as the initial therapeutic approach?

Accepted Answer

Triple therapy

Answer

Quadruple therapy

Answer

Bismuth quadruple therapy

Answer

Sequential therapy

Question 25

Which complication is strongly linked to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Accepted Answer

Esophageal cancer

Answer

Gastric ulcer

Answer

Small bowel obstruction

Answer

Diverticular disease

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Accepted Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Chest pain

Answer

Heartburn

Answer

Regurgitation

Question 27

What is the most common bacterial cause of peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Helicobacter pylori

Answer

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Clostridium difficile

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic finding of Crohn's disease?

Accepted Answer

Microscopic colitis

Answer

Skip lesions

Answer

Cobblestone mucosa

Answer

Granulomas

Question 29

Which class of medications is commonly used as first-line treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Accepted Answer

Proton pump inhibitors

Answer

Anticholinergics

Answer

Histamine-2 receptor antagonists

Answer

Sucralfate

Question 30

Which of the following is a typical endoscopic appearance of a peptic ulcer?

Accepted Answer

Round or oval erosion with a clean base

Answer

Cobblestone mucosa

Answer

Fissure with radiating folds

Answer

Ulcerative colitis

Question 31

Which of the following is a major risk factor for developing colorectal cancer?

Accepted Answer

Ulcerative colitis

Answer

Diverticulitis

Answer

Irritable bowel syndrome

Answer

Crohn's disease

Question 32

What is the most common presenting symptom of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?

Accepted Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Weight loss

Answer

Abdominal pain

Answer

Fever

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?

Accepted Answer

Diverticular disease

Answer

Ulcerative colitis

Answer

Microscopic colitis

Answer

Crohn's disease

Question 34

What is the primary treatment approach for acute pancreatitis?

Accepted Answer

Supportive therapy

Answer

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

Answer

Surgery

Answer

Antibiotics

Question 35

Which of the following is the most prevalent symptom of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)?

Accepted Answer

Heartburn

Answer

Diarrhea

Answer

Nausea

Answer

Abdominal pain

Question 36

Which of the listed options is NOT a subtype of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)?

Accepted Answer

Diverticulitis

Answer

Microscopic colitis

Answer

Ulcerative colitis

Answer

Crohn's disease

Question 37

Among the potential complications of peptic ulcer disease, which of the following is the most severe?

Accepted Answer

Perforation

Answer

Bleeding

Answer

Gastric outlet obstruction

Answer

Stenosis

Question 38

Which of the listed features is characteristic of Crohn's disease?

Accepted Answer

Transmural inflammation

Answer

Rectal involvement only

Answer

Superficial inflammation

Answer

Continuous mucosal involvement

Question 39

Which type of colorectal cancer is the most common?

Accepted Answer

Adenocarcinoma

Answer

Lymphoma

Answer

Melanoma

Answer

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 40

Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for developing gastrointestinal cancer?

Accepted Answer

Obesity

Answer

Age

Answer

Race

Answer

Family history

Question 41

For screening colorectal cancer, which of the following tests is recommended?

Accepted Answer

Colonoscopy

Answer

X-ray

Answer

Endoscopy

Answer

Blood test

Question 42

Which of the following is the most common symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Accepted Answer

Heartburn

Answer

Abdominal pain

Answer

Constipation

Answer

Nausea

Question 43

What is the main cause of peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Helicobacter pylori infection

Answer

Excessive alcohol consumption

Answer

Stress

Question 44

Which of the following is a potential long-term consequence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?

Accepted Answer

Colon cancer

Answer

Pancreatitis

Answer

Appendicitis

Answer

Gallstones

Question 45

What is the first-line medical treatment for uncomplicated GERD?

Accepted Answer

Proton pump inhibitors

Answer

Surgery

Answer

Endoscopic therapy

Answer

Antibiotics

Question 46

Which of the following is a key histological feature of celiac disease?

Accepted Answer

Villous atrophy

Answer

Goblet cell hyperplasia

Answer

Infiltration of eosinophils

Answer

Crypt abscesses

Question 47

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of Crohn's disease?

Accepted Answer

Transmural inflammation

Answer

Neutrophil infiltration

Answer

Epithelial hyperplasia

Answer

Eosinophilic infiltration

Question 48

What is the gold standard diagnostic test for colon cancer?

Accepted Answer

Colonoscopy

Answer

Upper endoscopy

Answer

Barium enema

Answer

Sigmoidoscopy

Question 49

What is the initial treatment approach for acute pancreatitis?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous fluids and pain management

Answer

Surgery

Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Endoscopic therapy

Question 50

A 45-year-old male presents with recurring episodes of heartburn, regurgitation, and dysphagia. He reports that these symptoms worsen after meals and when lying down. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Answer

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Answer

Crohn's disease

Answer

Peptic ulcer disease

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT a common risk factor for the development of peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

High-fiber diet

Answer

Chronic use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Answer

Infection with Helicobacter pylori

Answer

Smoking

Question 52

A 25-year-old female presents with abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss. She also reports experiencing fatigue and intermittent fever. Blood tests reveal anemia and elevated inflammatory markers. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Crohn's disease

Answer

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Answer

Ulcerative colitis

Answer

Diverticulitis

Question 53

Which of the following medications is considered the first-line treatment for mild to moderate gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Accepted Answer

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)

Answer

H2 blockers

Answer

Prokinetic agents

Answer

Antacids

Question 54

A 60-year-old male presents with sudden onset of severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever. Physical examination reveals abdominal guarding and rebound tenderness. Which of the following diagnostic tests is most appropriate to confirm the suspected diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen

Answer

Abdominal X-ray

Answer

Colonoscopy

Answer

Upper endoscopy

Question 55

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?

Accepted Answer

IBS is a functional disorder, meaning there are no structural abnormalities in the digestive tract.

Answer

IBS significantly increases the risk of colon cancer.

Answer

IBS is a type of inflammatory bowel disease.

Question 56

A patient with a history of peptic ulcer disease presents with sudden onset of severe abdominal pain, rigidity, and hypotension. What life-threatening complication should be immediately suspected?

Accepted Answer

Perforated ulcer

Answer

Gastrointestinal bleeding

Answer

Gastric outlet obstruction

Question 57

Which of the following lifestyle modifications is NOT typically recommended for patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

Accepted Answer

Consuming a high-fat diet

Answer

Weight loss if overweight or obese

Answer

Elevating the head of the bed

Answer

Avoiding meals close to bedtime

Question 58

A patient with Crohn's disease is experiencing a severe flare-up. Which of the following medications is most likely to induce remission?

Accepted Answer

Corticosteroids

Answer

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)

Answer

Antidiarrheals

Answer

Aminosalicylates

Question 59

What is the gold standard diagnostic test for peptic ulcer disease?

Accepted Answer

Upper endoscopy with biopsy

Answer

Urea breath test

Answer

Fecal occult blood test

Answer

Barium swallow study