Distributed Databases: Master Data Management in Distributed Environments

Question 1

Which consistency model guarantees that all transactions see the database in a consistent state?

Accepted Answer

Serializability

Answer

Snapshot isolation

Answer

Read committed

Answer

Eventual consistency

Question 2

Which of the following transaction management protocols ensures that all updates made in a transaction are either fully committed or fully aborted, leaving the database in a valid state?

Accepted Answer

2-phase commit

Answer

3-phase commit

Answer

Timestamp ordering

Answer

Multi-version concurrency control

Question 3

Which query optimization technique reduces communication overhead by sending only the necessary data between database nodes?

Accepted Answer

Query rewriting

Answer

Fragmentation

Answer

Replication

Answer

Join ordering

Question 4

Which data replication technique maintains identical copies of data in multiple locations to enhance data availability and speed up query processing?

Accepted Answer

Synchronous replication

Answer

Asynchronous replication

Answer

Primary-backup replication

Answer

Active-passive replication

Question 5

In a distributed database system, which component is responsible for coordinating transaction execution across multiple nodes?

Accepted Answer

Transaction Manager

Answer

Data Fragment

Answer

Query Processor

Answer

Data Dictionary

Question 6

Which data distribution strategy divides the database into horizontal partitions based on row values?

Accepted Answer

Horizontal Partitioning

Answer

Vertical Partitioning

Answer

Range Partitioning

Answer

Hash Partitioning

Question 7

Which architectural pattern for distributed databases involves a central node that manages all data access?

Accepted Answer

Client-Server Architecture

Answer

Peer-to-Peer Architecture

Answer

Shared-Nothing Architecture

Answer

Shared-Disk Architecture

Question 8

What is the primary benefit of employing a two-phase commit protocol in distributed databases?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced Data Consistency

Answer

Reduced Network Traffic

Answer

Increased Query Performance

Answer

Reduced Transaction Overhead

Question 9

What is the function of a query optimizer in a distributed database system?

Accepted Answer

To determine the optimal execution plan for queries

Answer

To manage data distribution across nodes

Answer

To enforce data consistency

Answer

To handle transaction recovery

Question 10

Which characteristic distinguishes a shared-nothing architecture in distributed databases?

Accepted Answer

Absence of Data Replication

Answer

Centralized Data Storage

Answer

High Data Availability

Answer

Single Point of Failure

Question 11

What is the purpose of a distributed data dictionary in a distributed database system?

Accepted Answer

To store metadata about data objects

Answer

To manage user access control

Answer

To enforce data integrity

Answer

To optimize query performance

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a fundamental design principle of distributed database systems?

Accepted Answer

Centralized control

Answer

Data transparency

Answer

Fault tolerance

Answer

Scalability

Question 13

Which of the following is a significant challenge associated with data distribution in distributed databases?

Accepted Answer

Data inconsistency

Answer

Network latency

Answer

Security vulnerabilities

Answer

Data duplication

Question 14

Which consistency model ensures that all replicas of data in a distributed database are identical at all times?

Accepted Answer

Linearizability

Answer

Eventual consistency

Answer

Read-after-write consistency

Answer

Causal consistency

Question 15

Which transaction management protocol is widely used in distributed databases to guarantee atomicity and durability of transactions?

Accepted Answer

Two-phase commit (2PC)

Answer

Three-phase commit (3PC)

Answer

Optimistic concurrency control

Answer

Pessimistic concurrency control

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a crucial performance metric for distributed databases?

Accepted Answer

Disk space utilization

Answer

Throughput

Answer

Latency

Answer

Data consistency

Question 17

In the context of distributed database transactions, which concept is crucial?

Accepted Answer

Two-phase commit protocol

Answer

Snapshot isolation

Answer

Optimistic concurrency control

Answer

Timestamp-based ordering

Question 18

What is the primary advantage of partitioning data in distributed database systems?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced performance and scalability

Answer

Improved data security

Answer

Reduced data redundancy

Answer

Simplified data administration

Question 19

Which potential concern arises with data replication in distributed databases?

Accepted Answer

Increased likelihood of data inconsistencies

Answer

Reduced data availability

Answer

Excessive storage consumption

Answer

Degraded query performance

Question 20

What is the fundamental purpose of a distributed database management system (DDBMS)?

Accepted Answer

To manage and coordinate data distributed across multiple computers

Answer

To provide a unified view of data from diverse sources

Answer

To enforce data consistency and integrity across the distributed system

Answer

To optimize query performance in distributed environments

Question 21

Which characteristic is associated with a loosely coupled distributed database system?

Accepted Answer

Autonomous data management across nodes

Answer

Strong data consistency guarantees

Answer

High network latency

Answer

Frequent data exchange between nodes

Question 22

What is the concept of a distributed query in the context of distributed database systems?

Accepted Answer

A query that retrieves and combines data from multiple distributed data sources

Answer

A query that is processed and executed entirely on a single centralized server

Answer

A query that is optimized specifically for distributed execution environments

Answer

A query that is restricted to accessing data from a single computer

Question 23

Which of the following is a fundamental characteristic of distributed database architectures?

Accepted Answer

Data replication

Answer

Centralized data storage

Answer

Homogeneous data types

Answer

Single point of failure

Question 24

What is the primary objective of transaction management in distributed database systems?

Accepted Answer

Preserving data integrity and consistency

Answer

Maximizing database performance

Answer

Minimizing network traffic

Answer

Preventing deadlocks

Question 25

Which consistency model permits data inconsistencies for the sake of increased system availability?

Accepted Answer

Eventual Consistency

Answer

Strong Consistency

Answer

Causal Consistency

Answer

Linearizability

Question 26

What is the purpose of a distributed query optimizer in distributed database systems?

Accepted Answer

Optimizing query execution across multiple database sites

Answer

Reducing network traffic overhead

Answer

Enhancing data security

Answer

Improving database performance through indexing

Question 27

What is the role of a distributed lock manager in distributed database systems?

Accepted Answer

Preventing deadlocks

Answer

Ensuring data consistency

Answer

Optimizing query execution

Answer

Managing data replication

Question 28

In the context of distributed databases, what is a data fragment?

Accepted Answer

A portion of a database table stored on a specific database site

Answer

A query that accesses data from multiple database sites

Answer

A transaction that spans multiple database sites

Answer

A database object that stores metadata about data distribution

Question 29

In distributed database systems, a key challenge lies in ensuring data consistency across multiple nodes. Which of the following best describes this challenge?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining identical data values on all nodes, despite network delays and potential failures

Answer

Enforcing data integrity constraints on each individual node

Answer

Serializing concurrent transactions to prevent data conflicts

Answer

Avoiding data redundancy to improve system performance

Question 30

The primary goal of a distributed database system is to:

Accepted Answer

Enhance data accessibility

Answer

Ensure data accuracy

Answer

Improve data security

Answer

Increase storage capacity

Question 31

Which type of distributed database architecture involves storing data fragments on multiple sites connected via a network, without shared memory?

Accepted Answer

Shared-nothing architecture

Answer

Shared-disk architecture

Answer

Shared-memory architecture

Answer

Client-server architecture

Question 32

What term is used to describe a replicated database fragment located at a site other than the primary site?

Accepted Answer

Replica

Answer

Shard

Answer

Fragment

Answer

Partition

Question 33

Which of the following is **not** an advantage of horizontal partitioning in distributed databases?

Accepted Answer

Simplified database administration

Answer

Improved scalability

Answer

Reduced contention

Answer

Increased data locality

Question 34

What is the primary difference between synchronous and asynchronous replication in distributed databases?

Accepted Answer

Synchronous replication updates all replicas immediately, while asynchronous replication does not guarantee immediate updates.

Answer

Asynchronous replication updates all replicas immediately, while synchronous replication does not guarantee immediate updates.

Answer

Synchronous replication is more efficient than asynchronous replication.

Answer

Asynchronous replication is more efficient than synchronous replication.

Question 35

Which type of distributed database system features a centrally managed global directory that provides a unified view of data across multiple sites?

Accepted Answer

Federated database

Answer

Homogeneous database

Answer

Heterogeneous database

Answer

Peer-to-peer database

Question 36

In a distributed database system, which technique guarantees that transactions are executed as indivisible units across multiple database servers?

Accepted Answer

Two-Phase Commit

Answer

Primary Copy

Answer

Multi-Version Concurrency Control

Answer

Distributed Locking

Question 37

In a distributed database system, which protocol ensures that transactions are executed with ACID properties (atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability)?

Accepted Answer

Two-phase commit

Answer

Data replication

Answer

Optimistic concurrency control

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a defining characteristic of distributed database systems?

Accepted Answer

Data is always consistent across all replicas

Answer

Data is spread across multiple physical locations

Answer

Data is independent of the underlying hardware

Answer

Data is replicated for increased availability

Question 39

Which database architecture is characterized by multiple interconnected nodes that share data and processing?

Accepted Answer

Distributed

Answer

Centralized

Answer

Hierarchical

Answer

Networked

Question 40

What is a primary challenge in managing distributed databases?

Accepted Answer

Ensuring data consistency

Answer

Maintaining data availability

Answer

Preserving data integrity

Answer

Guaranteeing data security

Question 41

Which consistency model ensures that data is updated on all replicas before a transaction is considered complete?

Accepted Answer

Strict consistency

Answer

Eventual consistency

Answer

Read-your-own-writes consistency

Answer

Monotonic reads consistency

Question 42

What is the primary role of a transaction manager in a distributed database system?

Accepted Answer

To maintain the atomicity and durability of transactions

Answer

To manage data replication

Answer

To handle concurrency control

Answer

To provide data backup and recovery

Question 43

Which of the following is NOT a practical application of distributed databases?

Accepted Answer

Single-user desktop applications

Answer

Online banking

Answer

E-commerce

Answer

Cloud computing

Question 44

In a distributed database system, which of the following accurately describes its data distribution?

Accepted Answer

Data is dispersed across multiple interconnected physical locations.

Answer

Data is centralized in a single physical location.

Answer

Data is replicated on every node within the system.

Answer

Data accessibility is guaranteed with zero latency.

Question 45

Which transaction model is prevalent in distributed database systems?

Accepted Answer

Two-phase commit.

Answer

Single-phase commit.

Answer

Optimistic concurrency control.

Answer

Pessimistic concurrency control.

Question 46

In a distributed database system, what is the primary objective of data fragmentation?

Accepted Answer

Enhance overall system performance.

Answer

Strengthen data security measures.

Answer

Simplify data replication processes.

Answer

Minimize network traffic.

Question 47

In a distributed database system, what is the primary function of a global directory?

Accepted Answer

Maintain information about data location.

Answer

Coordinate transaction processing.

Answer

Ensure data consistency.

Answer

Manage data replication.

Question 48

In the context of distributed databases, which property ensures that transactions are completed in their entirety or not at all?

Accepted Answer

Atomicity.

Answer

Isolation.

Answer

Durability.

Answer

Consistency.

Question 49

Which database architecture involves partitioning data across multiple nodes without shared memory?

Accepted Answer

Shared-nothing

Answer

Shared-memory

Answer

Client-server

Answer

Peer-to-peer

Question 50

What is the primary objective of transaction management in distributed databases?

Accepted Answer

Ensuring atomicity, consistency, isolation, and durability (ACID) properties

Answer

Maximizing query throughput

Answer

Minimizing data storage overhead

Answer

Enhancing data accessibility

Question 51

What is the main purpose of data sharding in distributed databases?

Accepted Answer

To improve data locality and reduce access latency

Answer

To enhance data reliability through redundancy

Answer

To increase storage capacity

Answer

To improve data security

Question 52

Which consistency model guarantees that all replicas of a data item reflect the most recent updates?

Accepted Answer

Strong consistency

Answer

Eventual consistency

Answer

Monotonic read consistency

Answer

Read-your-own-writes consistency

Question 53

Which of the following is NOT a potential challenge of distributed database systems?

Accepted Answer

Improved performance

Answer

Increased data consistency challenges

Answer

Higher administrative complexity

Answer

Data integrity issues

Question 54

What is the primary function of a distributed transaction coordinator in a distributed database system?

Accepted Answer

Ensuring that transactions are executed atomically and durably across multiple database nodes

Answer

Managing concurrency and preventing deadlocks

Answer

Replicating data to different sites for fault tolerance

Answer

Providing a unified access point to all data in the system

Question 55

Which of the following is a recognized type of distributed database architecture?

Accepted Answer

All of the options provided

Answer

Client-server architecture

Answer

Peer-to-peer architecture

Answer

Hybrid architecture

Question 56

What is the intended purpose of a data fragmentation strategy in a distributed database system?

Accepted Answer

Dividing data into smaller units for efficient storage and retrieval across nodes

Answer

Ensuring that data is evenly distributed across all database nodes

Answer

Preventing data inconsistency during updates

Answer

Minimizing network traffic by optimizing data access

Question 57

Which consistency model allows for temporary discrepancies in data between different database replicas?

Accepted Answer

Eventual consistency

Answer

Strong consistency

Answer

Weak consistency

Answer

Serializability

Question 58

What is the primary purpose of utilizing a distributed hash table (DHT) in a distributed database system?

Accepted Answer

To facilitate efficient data location across multiple database nodes

Answer

To provide fault tolerance by replicating data

Answer

To manage concurrency and prevent deadlocks

Answer

To ensure data integrity through the use of checksums

Question 59

Which of the following techniques is commonly used for data replication in distributed database systems?

Accepted Answer

All of the options provided

Answer

Snapshot replication

Answer

Log-based replication

Answer

Master-slave replication

Question 60

What is a key advantage of using a distributed database system over a centralized database system?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced scalability and improved availability

Answer

Reduced latency and increased throughput

Answer

Improved data security and privacy

Answer

None of the listed benefits

Question 61

Which of the following is a typical challenge faced when implementing a distributed database system?

Accepted Answer

All of the options provided

Answer

Ensuring data consistency and integrity across multiple nodes

Answer

Managing network disruptions and latency

Answer

Implementing robust security measures across the distributed system

Question 62

What is the primary objective of a commit protocol in a distributed database system?

Accepted Answer

Ensuring that all database nodes receive and process updates in the same order

Answer

Preventing data loss or corruption in the event of network failures

Answer

Managing concurrency and preventing deadlocks

Answer

Enhancing the performance of the system by reducing network traffic

Question 63

In a two-phase commit protocol, which phase guarantees that all participating sites have agreed to commit the transaction?

Accepted Answer

Commit phase

Answer

Prepare phase

Answer

Abort phase

Answer

Rollback phase

Question 64

Which database architecture involves partitioning and replicating data across multiple sites for improved performance and availability?

Accepted Answer

Distributed architecture

Answer

Centralized architecture

Answer

Federated architecture

Answer

Cloud architecture