Database Design: Master the Fundamentals of Data Management

Question 1

In conceptual data modeling, which model type graphically depicts entities and their connections?

Accepted Answer

Entity-relationship model

Answer

Logical data model

Answer

Physical data model

Answer

Hierarchical data model

Question 2

Which of the following is a disadvantage of database normalization?

Accepted Answer

Increased data complexity

Answer

Elimination of data redundancy

Answer

Improved data integrity

Answer

Enhanced data accessibility

Question 3

Which element is NOT a fundamental component of the entity-relationship (E-R) model?

Accepted Answer

Processes

Answer

Entities

Answer

Relationships

Answer

Attributes

Question 4

Which of the following is a potential drawback of data normalization in database design?

Accepted Answer

Increased data complexity

Answer

Elimination of data redundancy

Answer

Improved data consistency

Answer

Enhanced query performance

Question 5

Which of the following is not a type of data modeling used in database design?

Accepted Answer

Data warehousing

Answer

Conceptual data modeling

Answer

Logical data modeling

Answer

Physical data modeling

Question 6

Which of the following is a **disadvantage** of data normalization?

Accepted Answer

Increased data complexity

Answer

Reduced data redundancy

Answer

Improved data consistency

Answer

Enhanced data integrity

Question 7

What is a defining characteristic of a data warehouse?

Accepted Answer

Subject-oriented data organization

Answer

Data redundancy

Answer

Real-time data processing

Answer

Transactional data updates

Question 8

In conceptual data modeling, which visual representation depicts entities and their relationships?

Accepted Answer

Entity-relationship diagrams (ERD)

Answer

Database schemas

Answer

SQL queries

Answer

Data normalization rules

Question 9

Which data model utilizes entities and relationships to depict data?

Accepted Answer

Entity-Relationship (ER) model

Answer

Hierarchical model

Answer

Network model

Answer

Relational model

Question 10

In the physical design of a database, which factor is critical to consider?

Accepted Answer

Optimizing data storage and retrieval efficiency

Answer

Minimizing data redundancy

Answer

Ensuring data consistency across multiple users

Answer

Maximizing the number of joins in queries

Question 11

Which of the following is a disadvantage of data normalization?

Accepted Answer

Increased data complexity

Answer

Reduced data redundancy

Answer

Improved data consistency

Answer

Enhanced data retrieval efficiency

Question 12

In a relational database, what is the primary purpose of a primary key?

Accepted Answer

Uniquely identifies each row in a table.

Answer

Stores the most important data in a row.

Answer

Arranges data in ascending or descending order.

Answer

Is always the first column in a table.

Question 13

Which data modeling technique focuses on capturing real-world entities and their relationships in a conceptual framework?

Accepted Answer

Conceptual data modeling

Answer

Logical data modeling

Answer

Physical data modeling

Answer

Normalization

Question 14

Which data modeling approach focuses on capturing the real-world entities, their relationships, and the rules that govern them?

Accepted Answer

Conceptual data modeling

Answer

Logical data modeling

Answer

Physical data modeling

Answer

Data warehousing

Question 15

How does data normalization help ensure data accuracy and consistency in database design?

Accepted Answer

By applying data integrity constraints, such as unique keys and referential integrity, to prevent data anomalies.

Answer

By allowing data redundancy across multiple tables, thus eliminating data anomalies.

Answer

By grouping related data items into a single table, simplifying updates and maintenance.

Question 16

In the relation schema CUSTOMER(customer_id, customer_name, customer_address, customer_phone), which functional dependency holds true?

Accepted Answer

A. customer_id -> customer_name

Answer

B. customer_name -> customer_id

Question 17

In database design, what's the main purpose of creating a logical data model?

Accepted Answer

To depict data structure and relationships without implementation details.

Answer

To specify the physical database implementation.

Answer

To convey data concepts to business users.

Answer

To ensure data integrity and security.

Question 18

In a logical data model, which elements depict the actual entities involved in the system?

Accepted Answer

Entities

Answer

Attributes

Answer

Relationships

Answer

Constraints

Question 19

In logical data modeling, which approach is primarily used to depict the relationships between entities within a specific domain?

Accepted Answer

Entity-relationship diagramming

Answer

Object-oriented modeling

Answer

Relational data modeling

Answer

Unified Modeling Language

Question 20

When selecting a database design tool, which factors are most crucial to consider?

Accepted Answer

The size and complexity of the database to be designed

Accepted Answer

The specific database management system (DBMS) that will be used

Answer

The cost of the tool

Answer

The availability of technical support

Question 21

What is a key benefit of using conceptual data modeling in database design?

Accepted Answer

Improved data consistency and integrity

Answer

Increased database complexity and redundancy

Question 22

In a relational database, which of the following can be used as a composite primary key for a table?

Accepted Answer

A set of attributes that together uniquely identify each row

Answer

A single attribute with unique values for each row

Answer

A foreign key that references another table

Answer

A surrogate key generated by the database

Question 23

Third Normal Form (3NF) eliminates data anomalies by ensuring that data is fully dependent on the primary key. Which of the following is an example of a data anomaly that 3NF addresses?

Accepted Answer

Storing the same customer address in multiple rows of a customer table

Answer

Storing the customer's phone number in the same column as their address

Question 24

Which data normalization technique involves breaking down a relation into smaller relations to reduce data duplication and maintain data consistency?

Accepted Answer

Decomposition

Answer

Aggregation

Answer

Denormalization

Question 25

In conceptual data modeling, which graphical technique is commonly used to depict entities and their relationships?

Accepted Answer

Entity-relationship diagram (ERD)

Answer

Flowchart

Answer

Use case diagram

Answer

Data flow diagram (DFD)

Question 26

In conceptual data modeling, which diagram is typically used to depict entities and their relationships?

Accepted Answer

Entity-Relationship (E-R) diagram

Answer

Flowchart

Answer

Data flow diagram

Answer

State transition diagram

Question 27

Which technique is commonly used to combine data from various sources, offering a unified perspective for analysis and decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Data warehousing

Answer

Data normalization

Answer

Data mining

Answer

Data modeling

Question 28

In database design, which technique is used to visually represent the structure of data during conceptual data modeling?

Accepted Answer

Entity-Relationship (E-R) diagram

Answer

Flowchart

Answer

Use case diagram

Answer

State transition diagram

Question 29

Which of the following is a potential drawback of data normalization in database design?

Accepted Answer

Increased data complexity

Answer

Reduced data redundancy

Answer

Improved data integrity

Question 30

In logical data modeling, which graphical technique is commonly used to represent the relationships between real-world entities?

Accepted Answer

Entity-Relationship (E-R) diagram

Answer

Class diagram

Answer

Flowchart

Answer

State diagram

Question 31

In database design, what's the main purpose of the Entity-Relationship (E-R) model?

Accepted Answer

Represent real-world entities and their relationships

Answer

Describe a database's physical structure

Answer

Normalize data for efficient storage and retrieval

Answer

Enforce data integrity rules and constraints

Question 32

Which fundamental principle of database normalization aims to remove duplicate data?

Accepted Answer

Eliminating redundant data

Answer

Reducing the number of attributes in a table

Answer

Assigning a unique primary key to each table

Question 33

To normalize a database table, which approach is most effective?

Accepted Answer

Separate the table into smaller tables based on their relationships.

Answer

Expand the table with additional columns to capture all data.

Answer

Eliminate columns with duplicate information.

Answer

Modify data types to allow for a broader range of values.

Question 34

In conceptual data modeling, which graphical technique is used to depict entities and their relationships?

Accepted Answer

Entity-Relationship (E-R) Diagram

Answer

Flowchart

Answer

Use Case Diagram

Question 35

When choosing a database design tool for a database with millions of records and intricate data connections, which aspect is crucial for optimal performance?

Accepted Answer

Scalability

Answer

User-friendly interface

Answer

Low cost

Answer

Support for legacy data formats

Question 36

What is a potential downside of normalizing data in a database?

Accepted Answer

Increased database complexity

Answer

Improved data accuracy

Answer

Increased data duplication

Question 37

In database design, which measure is crucial for protecting data from unauthorized access and breaches?

Accepted Answer

Implementing robust access control mechanisms

Answer

Performing regular data backups

Answer

Employing complex data types

Answer

Enforcing data integrity constraints

Question 38

In a relational database model, the primary key of a table is used to:

Accepted Answer

Uniquely identify each row

Answer

Link rows between tables

Answer

Enforce data integrity

Answer

Optimize query performance

Question 39

Which of the following is a logical data model commonly used for database design?

Accepted Answer

Entity-relationship diagram (ERD)

Answer

Relational schema

Answer

Object-oriented model

Answer

Hierarchical model

Question 40

The Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF) is a normalization technique used to:

Accepted Answer

Eliminate partial dependencies

Answer

Achieve third normal form (3NF)

Answer

Prevent insert anomalies

Answer

Enhance data consistency

Question 41

Which of the listed options is NOT a concurrency control mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Denormalization

Answer

Locking

Answer

Timestamping

Answer

Optimistic concurrency control

Question 42

What is the primary role of a primary key in a table?

Accepted Answer

Uniquely identify each row in the table

Answer

Enforce referential integrity

Answer

Optimize database performance

Answer

Store the column name

Question 43

Which of the following is an advantage of utilizing foreign key constraints?

Accepted Answer

Ensure referential integrity

Answer

Prevent data duplication

Answer

Optimize database performance

Answer

Enforce data type consistency

Question 44

What is the purpose of a composite key?

Accepted Answer

Uniquely identify each row in a table when a single attribute cannot provide uniqueness

Answer

Enforce referential integrity

Answer

Optimize database performance

Answer

Store multiple values in a single row

Question 45

What differentiates a weak entity from a strong entity?

Accepted Answer

A weak entity depends on a strong entity for its existence, whereas a strong entity does not.

Answer

A strong entity possesses a primary key, unlike a weak entity.

Answer

A weak entity is derived from a strong entity, while a strong entity is not.

Answer

There is no distinction between a weak and a strong entity.

Question 46

What is the primary function of an Entity-Relationship (ER) diagram?

Accepted Answer

Represent the relationships between entities in a database

Answer

Design the physical database schema

Answer

Store data in the database

Answer

Optimize database performance

Question 47

In database design, which factor is crucial for optimizing performance and ensuring scalability?

Accepted Answer

Anticipated data growth

Answer

User access levels

Answer

Planned software upgrades

Answer

Server hardware capabilities

Question 48

What is the primary purpose of using a foreign key constraint in database design?

Accepted Answer

To enforce referential integrity

Answer

To establish a relationship between two tables

Answer

To identify the primary key of the referenced table

Answer

To improve data accessibility

Question 49

What is the key distinction between a shared lock and an exclusive lock in database concurrency control?

Accepted Answer

A shared lock permits multiple users to read data concurrently, while an exclusive lock grants exclusive access to a single user

Answer

An exclusive lock permits multiple users to read data concurrently, while a shared lock grants exclusive access to a single user

Answer

A shared lock permits multiple users to write data concurrently, while an exclusive lock grants exclusive access to a single user

Answer

There is no distinction between a shared lock and an exclusive lock

Question 50

What is the primary objective of utilizing data integrity constraints in database design?

Accepted Answer

To guarantee the validity and consistency of data stored in the database

Answer

To prevent unauthorized access to sensitive data

Answer

To enhance the overall performance of the database system

Answer

To simplify the process of data retrieval

Question 51

What is the key difference between a logical and a physical database design?

Accepted Answer

A logical design is independent of the specific database management system (DBMS) being used, while a physical design is specific to a particular DBMS

Answer

A physical design is independent of the specific DBMS being used, while a logical design is specific to a particular DBMS

Answer

There is no distinction between a logical and a physical database design

Answer

A logical design is typically more detailed than a physical design

Question 52

What is the primary goal of database tuning?

Accepted Answer

To optimize the performance of a database system

Answer

To minimize the size of a database

Answer

To enhance the security measures of a database

Answer

To improve the usability of a database

Question 53

What is a primary duty of a database administrator (DBA)?

Accepted Answer

Designing and implementing database systems

Accepted Answer

Managing user access

Accepted Answer

Creating database backups

Answer

Writing SQL queries

Question 54

Which characteristic is NOT a benefit of database normalization?

Accepted Answer

Increased database security

Answer

Reduced data redundancy

Answer

Improved data integrity

Answer

Enhanced data accessibility

Question 55

What is the primary purpose of a transaction log in a database management system?

Accepted Answer

To record all database modifications, enabling recovery in case of system failures

Answer

To store frequently accessed data for faster retrieval

Answer

To enforce data integrity by preventing inconsistent updates

Answer

To optimize query performance by caching pre-computed results

Question 56

What is the key difference between a primary key and a foreign key in a database table?

Accepted Answer

A primary key uniquely identifies a row in a table, while a foreign key references a primary key in a different table

Answer

A foreign key uniquely identifies a row in a table, while a primary key references a foreign key in a different table

Answer

Both primary keys and foreign keys are used to enforce data integrity

Answer

Both primary keys and foreign keys are used to improve database performance

Question 57

What is the primary objective of database normalization?

Accepted Answer

To eliminate data redundancy and enhance data integrity

Answer

To improve database performance by minimizing the number of joins

Answer

To simplify database maintenance by reducing the number of tables

Answer

To increase database security by encrypting sensitive data

Question 58

What is the purpose of creating an index on a database table?

Accepted Answer

To enhance query performance by providing a faster lookup mechanism

Answer

To enforce data integrity by preventing duplicate values

Answer

To reduce storage space by compressing data

Answer

To enhance database security by encrypting data

Question 59

What is the primary purpose of a primary key in a relational database table?

Accepted Answer

To uniquely identify each row in the table

Answer

To enforce referential integrity and prevent data inconsistencies

Answer

To speed up data retrieval operations based on search criteria

Answer

To define the relationships between different tables in the database

Question 60

What is the key difference between a clustered index and a non-clustered index in a database?

Accepted Answer

Clustered index physically sorts data rows based on the index key, while non-clustered index does not

Answer

Non-clustered index physically sorts data rows based on the index key, while clustered index does not

Answer

Clustered index is stored in a separate structure from the data table, while non-clustered index is not

Answer

There is no significant difference between clustered and non-clustered indexes

Question 61

What is the primary purpose of concurrency control in database systems?

Accepted Answer

To ensure that multiple users can simultaneously access and modify data without conflicts or data corruption

Answer

To prevent lost updates and deadlock situations

Answer

To improve data retrieval performance

Answer

To enforce data integrity constraints

Question 62

Which of the following is a key principle for designing databases that are user-friendly, easy to maintain, and adaptable to future changes?

Accepted Answer

Establish clear and consistent naming conventions for tables, columns, and constraints.

Answer

Use complex data structures to reduce the number of tables.

Answer

Avoid normalization to improve performance.

Answer

Spread data across multiple tables, even if it leads to duplication.

Question 63

In the context of database design, which of the following is a critical principle to prioritize for ensuring both usability and maintainability?

Accepted Answer

Designing for flexibility and extensibility

Answer

Prioritizing data redundancy

Answer

Avoiding normalization

Question 64

Which ethical principle requires data managers to guarantee the accuracy and completeness of the data they handle?

Accepted Answer

Integrity

Answer

Confidentiality

Answer

Availability