Cell Structure and Function Quizzes: Test Your Knowledge

Question 1

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of eukaryotic cells, distinguishing them from prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a nucleus

Answer

Presence of ribosomes

Answer

Presence of a cell wall

Answer

Presence of mitochondria

Question 2

Which cell organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 3

Which type of molecule forms the primary structural component of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 4

Which metabolic process is responsible for converting glucose into energy-rich ATP molecules?

Accepted Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Citric acid cycle

Answer

Fermentation

Question 5

Which type of transport mechanism moves molecules across a membrane against their concentration gradient, requiring cellular energy?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Answer

Passive transport

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Question 6

What is the process called that breaks down glucose in the absence of oxygen, producing lactic acid?

Accepted Answer

Anaerobic respiration

Answer

Aerobic respiration

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 7

Which of the following is the primary function of the cell wall in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Protection and structural support

Answer

Regulation of water movement

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Energy storage

Question 8

Which type of cell lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, classified as the simplest form of cellular organization?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Yeast

Answer

Plant cell

Answer

Animal cell

Question 9

What is a key disadvantage of using electron microscopy to study cells?

Accepted Answer

Cannot view living cells

Answer

High level of detail

Answer

Limited zoom capabilities

Answer

Easy sample preparation

Question 10

What are the main functions of the Golgi apparatus in protein processing and secretion?

Accepted Answer

Modifies proteins by adding carbohydrates and lipids

Accepted Answer

Sorts and packages proteins for transport

Answer

Synthesizes proteins from amino acids

Answer

Breaks down cellular waste products

Question 11

How do cell cycle checkpoints help prevent cancer?

Accepted Answer

Checkpoints stop the cell cycle if DNA damage or chromosome segregation errors are found.

Answer

Checkpoints only watch DNA replication, not chromosome segregation.

Answer

Checkpoints don't play a role in preventing cancer.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes passive transport across a cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Molecules move from high to low concentration, without using cellular energy.

Answer

Molecules move against their concentration gradient, using cellular energy.

Answer

Molecules move from high to low pH.

Answer

Molecules move through channels or carrier proteins, using cellular energy.

Question 13

Which organelle is primarily responsible for protein synthesis in cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 14

What is the name of the cell structure that builds proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 15

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Lysosomes

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Produces energy for the cell

Answer

Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Answer

Protects the cell from its surroundings

Answer

Facilitates cell signaling and communication

Question 17

Which function is NOT carried out by the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Contains the cell's genetic material

Answer

Controls the movement of molecules across the membrane

Answer

Acts as a selectively permeable barrier

Answer

Connects the cell to its surroundings

Question 18

What is the main job of the Golgi apparatus within a cell?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids

Answer

Making proteins

Answer

Breaking down food for energy

Answer

Storing energy

Question 19

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Lysosomes

Question 20

What structure forms the selectively permeable barrier surrounding a cell?

Accepted Answer

Cell membrane

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Nuclear membrane

Answer

Cytoplasm

Question 21

Which process converts glucose into energy for the cell?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Citric acid cycle

Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 22

Which organelle contains the cell's genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Question 23

Which process drives cell growth and division?

Accepted Answer

Cell cycle

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Transport

Answer

Metabolism

Question 24

Which structure is responsible for modifying and packaging proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 25

Ribosomes are responsible for which cellular process?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Cellular respiration

Question 26

Which term describes the selectively permeable barrier that surrounds the cell?

Accepted Answer

Plasma membrane

Answer

Nuclear envelope

Answer

Cell wall

Answer

Vacuolar membrane

Question 27

The primary function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell is:

Accepted Answer

To modify, sort, and package molecules

Answer

To synthesize proteins

Answer

To carry out cellular respiration

Answer

To store genetic material

Question 28

Which organelle is the site of ATP production in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Chloroplast

Question 29

The nucleolus is primarily responsible for:

Accepted Answer

Ribosome assembly

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

DNA replication

Answer

Hormone production

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Providing nutrients to the cell

Answer

Facilitating cell movement

Answer

Organizing intracellular structures

Answer

Maintaining cell shape

Question 31

Transport across the cell membrane that does not require energy input is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Passive transport

Answer

Exocytosis

Answer

Endocytosis

Answer

Active transport

Question 32

The primary role of the cell wall in plant cells is to provide:

Accepted Answer

Structural support and protection

Answer

Waste storage

Answer

Energy storage

Answer

Nutrient transport

Question 33

In eukaryotic cells, which organelle is responsible for synthesizing proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Nucleus

Question 34

Which cellular structure serves as a selectively permeable barrier, regulating what enters and exits the cell?

Accepted Answer

Plasma membrane

Answer

Lysosome

Answer

Nuclear envelope

Answer

Cell wall

Question 35

Which molecule serves as the primary energy currency within cells, providing energy for cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

ATP

Answer

ADP

Answer

FADH2

Answer

NADH

Question 36

Within eukaryotic cells, which organelle is responsible for carrying out cellular respiration, producing energy in the form of ATP?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Lysosome

Question 37

What is the process by which plants convert sunlight into chemical energy in the form of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Fermentation

Answer

Cellular respiration

Question 38

Which characteristic is a defining feature of prokaryotic cells, distinguishing them from eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Absence of a well-defined nucleus enclosed by a nuclear envelope

Answer

Presence of ribosomes

Answer

Cell wall made exclusively of cellulose

Question 39

Which cellular structure plays a crucial role in maintaining cell shape, facilitating cell movement, and providing structural support?

Accepted Answer

Cytoskeleton

Answer

Transporting materials across the plasma membrane

Answer

Synthesizing proteins

Question 40

According to the fundamental principle of cell biology, what is the origin of all new cells?

Accepted Answer

Preexisting cells

Answer

Spontaneous generation

Answer

Viruses

Answer

Inorganic matter

Question 41

Which cell organelle is responsible for cellular respiration and energy production?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 42

Which molecule constitutes the primary structural component of cell membranes, providing a selectively permeable barrier?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids

Answer

Carbohydrates

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 43

What is the primary function of the nucleolus within the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome synthesis

Answer

Lipid synthesis

Answer

DNA replication

Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 44

Which type of cell junction allows direct communication between adjacent cells, facilitating the exchange of ions, molecules, and electrical signals?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Answer

Desmosomes

Answer

Tight junctions

Answer

Adherens junctions

Question 45

What is the fundamental characteristic that distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a true nucleus with a nuclear envelope

Answer

Cell size

Answer

Presence of ribosomes

Answer

Number of chromosomes

Question 46

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Protein modification, sorting, and packaging for secretion or intracellular use

Answer

Lipid synthesis

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Carbohydrate synthesis

Question 47

Which of the following processes is NOT considered passive transport, relying on the concentration gradient and not requiring energy input?

Accepted Answer

Endocytosis

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Diffusion

Question 48

Which cell organelle is responsible for digesting cellular waste, damaged organelles, and foreign materials?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Peroxisome

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 49

Which organelle is typically the largest in size and contains the cell's genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 50

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Regulating the passage of molecules into and out of the cell

Answer

Receiving and transmitting signals from the environment

Answer

Maintaining the cell's shape and structure

Question 51

The cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis are called:

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 52

Which of the following processes primarily takes place within the mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration

Answer

Lipid metabolism

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 53

What type of cell lacks a membrane-bound nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Answer

Plant cell

Answer

Eukaryotic cell

Answer

Animal cell

Question 54

The primary function of the Golgi apparatus is to:

Accepted Answer

Modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids

Answer

Produce ribosomes

Answer

Store genetic material

Answer

Break down cellular waste

Question 55

What molecule carries genetic information from the nucleus to the ribosomes for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Answer

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 56

Which of the following is typically the largest organelle in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 57

The process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones, often releasing energy, is known as:

Accepted Answer

Catabolism

Answer

Respiration

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Anabolism

Question 58

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Lack of membrane-bound organelles

Answer

Complex internal membrane systems

Answer

Presence of a nucleus

Answer

Larger size compared to eukaryotic cells