Attachment and Early Relationships: A Comprehensive Guide for Psychology Students

Question 1

In Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation procedure, infants with secure attachments typically demonstrate what behavior when their caregiver leaves the room?

Accepted Answer

Show distress and seek comfort from the caregiver upon their return.

Answer

Show distress but do not seek comfort from the caregiver upon their return.

Answer

Do not show distress when the caregiver leaves and do not seek comfort upon their return.

Answer

Show extreme distress and become inconsolable when the caregiver leaves.

Question 2

The concept of 'internal working models' in attachment theory refers to:

Accepted Answer

The cognitive representations of attachment relationships that individuals develop.

Answer

The emotional reactions that individuals experience in attachment relationships.

Answer

The behavioral patterns that individuals display in attachment relationships.

Answer

The social expectations that individuals hold for attachment relationships.

Question 3

Attachment theory emphasizes the importance of:

Accepted Answer

The role of early experiences in shaping development

Answer

The biological basis of attachment

Answer

The influence of culture on attachment

Answer

The exclusivity of the mother-child bond

Question 4

Which researcher is credited with developing the concept of 'attachment disruption'?

Accepted Answer

John Bowlby

Answer

Mary Ainsworth

Answer

Erik Erikson

Answer

Urie Bronfenbrenner

Question 5

Regarding cultural variations in attachment, which of the following statements is accurate?

Accepted Answer

Attachment patterns vary significantly across cultures.

Answer

Attachment patterns are universal across cultures.

Answer

Insecure attachment is more prevalent in individualistic cultures.

Answer

Secure attachment is more prevalent in collectivist cultures.

Question 6

The concept of 'attachment security' primarily refers to:

Accepted Answer

The degree to which individuals feel confident and comfortable in attachment relationships.

Answer

The consistency of attachment behaviors over time.

Answer

The intensity of attachment emotions.

Answer

The exclusivity of attachment relationships.

Question 7

The Strange Situation is a research method developed by Mary Ainsworth and colleagues, used to assess:

Accepted Answer

Attachment quality

Answer

Language development

Answer

Cognitive development

Answer

Social skills

Question 8

Which attachment style is characterized by insecure and avoidant behavior, indicating a child's uncertainty or disinterest regarding the caregiver's presence or absence?

Accepted Answer

Avoidant

Answer

Secure

Answer

Ambivalent

Answer

Disorganized

Question 9

Which research technique is commonly used to examine attachment relationships in older children and adults?

Accepted Answer

The Adult Attachment Interview

Answer

The Strange Situation

Answer

The Ainsworth Attachment Scale

Answer

The Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test

Question 10

Which characteristic is **most** indicative of secure attachment in infants, according to Bowlby's theory?

Accepted Answer

Positive and responsive communication between the infant and primary caregiver

Answer

Avoiding the primary caregiver after being reunited

Answer

Extreme distress and anxiety when separated from the primary caregiver

Answer

Lack of interest or engagement with the primary caregiver

Question 11

According to attachment theory, who is credited with primarily developing the concept?

Accepted Answer

John Bowlby

Answer

Sigmund Freud

Answer

Erik Erikson

Answer

Jean Piaget

Question 12

As per attachment theory, what is the main objective driving an infant's behavior toward their primary caregiver?

Accepted Answer

Establishing a secure foundation

Answer

Obtaining food and shelter

Answer

Protection from potential threats

Answer

Learning about their surroundings

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a defining characteristic of secure attachment in children?

Accepted Answer

Consistent distress when separated from the caregiver

Answer

Positive and responsive interactions with the caregiver

Answer

Exploration of their environment with the caregiver as a 'safe base'

Answer

Seeking comfort from the caregiver after a period of distress

Question 14

The Strange Situation method is used to assess primarily:

Accepted Answer

Attachment style

Answer

Cognitive development

Answer

Language acquisition

Answer

Motor skills

Question 15

Which attachment style is characterized by a combination of positive and negative interactions with the caregiver?

Accepted Answer

Ambivalent attachment

Answer

Secure attachment

Answer

Avoidant attachment

Answer

Disorganized attachment

Question 16

True or False: Attachment involves a unilateral relationship, with only the caregiver providing emotional support to the infant.

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Question 17

What term describes the infant's ability to recognize and respond differently to their primary caregiver?

Accepted Answer

Attachment discrimination

Answer

Stranger anxiety

Answer

Secure base

Answer

Object permanence

Question 18

Which intervention is commonly used to promote attachment security in children with insecure attachment?

Accepted Answer

Parent-child interaction therapy

Answer

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

Answer

Play therapy

Answer

Medication

Question 19

According to attachment theory, which of the following plays a crucial role in shaping attachment formation?

Accepted Answer

The consistent responsiveness and sensitivity of caregivers

Answer

The innate need of infants for comfort and security

Answer

The cognitive developmental stage of infants

Answer

Cultural norms and values

Question 20

The Strange Situation, an observational research method, is primarily utilized in assessing:

Accepted Answer

Attachment styles in infants

Answer

Social and emotional development in young children

Answer

Language acquisition in toddlers

Answer

Play and exploration behaviors in preschoolers

Question 21

True or False: The formation of attachment relationships is exclusively limited to the first year of life.

Accepted Answer

False

Answer

True

Question 22

In developmental psychology, the term referring to the internal representation of attachment experiences is:

Accepted Answer

Attachment representation

Answer

Attachment script

Answer

Attachment template

Answer

Attachment schema

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of disorganized attachment in infants?

Accepted Answer

Secure base for exploration

Answer

Mixed and inconsistent behaviors towards the caregiver

Answer

Avoidance of the caregiver

Question 24

The Strange Situation is a standardized research method used to assess:

Accepted Answer

Infant attachment patterns

Answer

Cognitive development

Answer

Language skills

Question 25

Which type of attachment is associated with higher levels of social competence in children?

Accepted Answer

Secure

Answer

Insecure-avoidant

Answer

Insecure-ambivalent

Question 26

Bowlby's attachment theory proposes that infants have an innate need for:

Accepted Answer

Affection and proximity to a caregiver

Answer

Cognitive stimulation

Answer

Social interaction with peers

Question 27

The concept of 'earned secure attachment' refers to:

Accepted Answer

A secure attachment developed later in life after experiencing insecure attachment

Answer

A secure attachment formed in the first year of life

Answer

An insecure attachment that becomes secure over time

Question 28

The concept of 'attachment continuity' refers to:

Accepted Answer

The consistency of attachment patterns over time

Answer

The change in attachment patterns with age

Answer

The ability of infants to quickly form new attachments

Question 29

According to attachment theory, which type of attachment is marked by infants seeking proximity and feeling secure while exploring their surroundings with their caregiver as a safe base?

Accepted Answer

Secure attachment

Answer

Insecure-avoidant attachment

Answer

Insecure-ambivalent attachment

Answer

Disorganized attachment

Question 30

Which of the following factors is known to contribute to the development of secure attachment relationships?

Accepted Answer

Consistent and responsive caregiving

Answer

Early separation from primary caregiver

Answer

Genetic predispositions

Answer

Cultural upbringing

Question 31

What is the concept of the 'sensitive period' in attachment theory?

Accepted Answer

The period in which infants are most receptive to forming enduring attachments

Answer

The period in which attachments, once formed, are unchangeable

Answer

The period in which infants are most likely to develop attachment disorders

Answer

The period in which caregivers must provide constant, uninterrupted care

Question 32

Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation procedure is primarily used to:

Accepted Answer

Measure the quality of attachment relationships in infants

Answer

Diagnose infants with attachment disorders

Answer

Predict future relationship outcomes with certainty

Answer

Compare attachment styles across cultures exclusively

Question 33

Securely attached infants typically exhibit:

Accepted Answer

Exploration of their surroundings with a secure base

Answer

Heightened anxiety when their caregiver leaves

Answer

Indifference towards their caregiver's presence

Answer

Consistent avoidance of eye contact with their caregiver

Question 34

In attachment theory, the term 'temperament' refers to:

Accepted Answer

The infant's inherent personality traits and behavioral tendencies

Answer

The caregiver's parenting style and approach

Answer

The infant's capacity to regulate and manage emotions

Answer

The infant's cognitive developmental stage

Question 35

The concept that infants can form attachments with multiple caregivers is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Multiple attachments

Answer

Attachment hierarchy

Answer

Disorganized attachment

Answer

Insecure attachment

Question 36

How do secure attachment experiences contribute to an individual's ability to develop empathy and establish healthy relationships?

Accepted Answer

Enhanced ability to recognize and understand emotions

Answer

Increased likelihood of developing social anxiety

Answer

Diminished capacity for forming meaningful connections

Answer

No significant impact on social development

Question 37

How do cultural norms and values impact the formation of attachment patterns?

Accepted Answer

Cultural norms and values surrounding parenting practices.

Answer

Genetic predispositions of the child.

Answer

The child's unique personality traits.

Answer

The socioeconomic status of the family.

Question 38

Which of these best describes a key characteristic of a secure attachment between a caregiver and child?

Accepted Answer

Reliable caregiver responses

Answer

Frequent anxiety and avoidance

Answer

Uninvolved or negative interactions

Question 39

How does culture influence attachment styles, and what implications does this have for parenting practices?

Accepted Answer

Understanding cultural differences in attachment helps parents adapt their parenting to support healthy development.

Answer

Culture has no impact on attachment styles.

Answer

All cultures prioritize secure attachment equally.

Answer

Parenting methods should be universal to ensure healthy attachment.

Question 40

In attachment theory, what is the term for the mental representation of relationships that shapes individuals' expectations and behaviors in social interactions?

Accepted Answer

Internal working model of relationships

Answer

Need for physical closeness

Answer

Genetic influence on attachment

Answer

Importance of peer relationships in early childhood

Question 41

Which characteristic is typical of toddlers with avoidant attachment to their caregivers?

Accepted Answer

They ignore the caregiver when they return after being away.

Answer

They become upset when separated from the caregiver.

Answer

They cling to the caregiver for comfort and reassurance.

Question 42

In attachment research, which method involves observing infants in their natural environment to gather detailed information about attachment relationships over time?

Accepted Answer

Observational Study

Answer

Strange Situation

Answer

Attachment Q-Sort

Question 43

Which of the following is a key component of attachment theory?

Accepted Answer

The caregiver's sensitivity and responsiveness

Answer

The infant's birth order

Answer

The socioeconomic status of the family

Answer

The role of genetics in temperament

Question 44

Which of the following is a characteristic of secure attachment?

Accepted Answer

The infant is comfortable exploring in the presence of their caregiver

Answer

The infant avoids their caregiver upon reunion

Answer

The infant shows extreme distress upon brief separation from their caregiver

Answer

The infant engages in indiscriminate attachment with multiple caregivers

Question 45

What are potential implications of insecure attachment for child development?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of behavioral problems and difficulty forming close relationships

Answer

Better social skills

Answer

Improved academic performance

Answer

Enhanced cognitive abilities

Question 46

Which of the following is a way to foster secure attachment in infants?

Accepted Answer

Providing consistent and responsive care

Answer

Punishing the infant for negative behavior

Answer

Setting strict boundaries and rules

Answer

Limit physical contact with the infant

Question 47

Bowlby's theory of attachment is based on the idea that infants have an innate need for:

Accepted Answer

Proximity to and interaction with a caregiver

Answer

Material possessions

Answer

Cognitive stimulation

Answer

Autonomy and independence

Question 48

The concept of 'internal working model' refers to:

Accepted Answer

An infant's mental representation of relationships and self

Answer

A caregiver's expectations for the infant

Answer

The infant's temperament

Answer

The physical environment in which the infant is raised

Question 49

The Ainsworth Strange Situation is designed to assess:

Accepted Answer

An infant's attachment security

Answer

An infant's cognitive development

Answer

A caregiver's parenting style

Answer

An infant's language acquisition