Long-Term Memory: Types, Organization, and Retrieval

Question 1

Which memory encoding theory suggests that information processed deeply is more likely to be retained for longer durations?

Accepted Answer

The levels-of-processing theory

Answer

The cognitive dissonance theory

Answer

The constructive memory theory

Question 2

Which of the following accurately describes procedural memory?

Accepted Answer

It involves knowledge of how to perform actions and skills.

Answer

It is explicit and consciously accessible.

Answer

It is easily forgotten if not regularly practiced.

Question 3

Which type of retrieval cue activates a memory by partially providing information that was originally encoded?

Accepted Answer

Priming

Answer

Recognition

Answer

Reconstruction

Question 4

The term 'eidetic memory' refers to:

Accepted Answer

A rare ability to vividly recall visual information in detail

Answer

A memory disorder characterized by false or distorted memories

Answer

A type of memory that stores negative experiences, leading to pessimistic biases

Question 5

Which of the following brain imaging techniques is commonly used to study neural activity associated with long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Question 6

The process by which memories gradually stabilize and become more resistant to forgetting over time is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

Consolidation

Answer

Encoding

Answer

Retrieval

Question 7

Which type of long-term memory primarily stores personal experiences and specific events that have happened to an individual?

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory

Answer

Semantic memory

Answer

Implicit memory

Answer

Procedural memory

Question 8

Which type of long-term memory is responsible for storing general knowledge and concepts, such as language and facts?

Accepted Answer

Semantic memory

Answer

Episodic memory

Answer

Implicit memory

Answer

Procedural memory

Question 9

Which type of long-term memory stores memories related to how to perform motor and cognitive skills, such as riding a bike or playing the piano?

Accepted Answer

Procedural memory

Answer

Episodic memory

Answer

Semantic memory

Answer

Implicit memory

Question 10

How do schemas aid in organizing and retrieving long-term memories? Give an example to clarify your explanation.

Accepted Answer

Schemas provide a framework for comprehending and interpreting new information, aiding in memory organization and retrieval.

Answer

Schemas can distort memories, resulting in inaccurate recall of events.

Answer

Schemas solely impact the organization and retrieval of episodic memories.

Answer

Schemas are unrelated to the process of organizing and retrieving long-term memories.

Question 11

Which theory describes long-term memory as organized like a pyramid, with broad concepts at the top and more specific details at the bottom?

Accepted Answer

Hierarchical Theory

Answer

Spreading Activation Theory

Answer

Connectionist Theory

Answer

Schemas Theory

Question 12

Which type of long-term memory stores personal experiences, such as your first day of college?

Accepted Answer

Episodic (Personal)

Answer

Semantic (Factual)

Answer

Procedural (Skills)

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a semantic network?

Accepted Answer

A mental representation of the concept of a 'dog', including its attributes and relationships to other concepts

Answer

A chronological list of events from your childhood

Answer

A set of instructions on how to play a game

Answer

A map of the United States showing the location of major cities

Question 14

Which of the following describes the typical developmental changes in long-term memory capacity and organization during adolescence?

Accepted Answer

Increased episodic memory capacity and improved semantic memory organization

Answer

Decreased episodic memory capacity and improved semantic memory organization

Answer

Increased episodic memory capacity and decreased semantic memory organization

Answer

Decreased episodic memory capacity and decreased procedural memory organization

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a type of long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

Working memory

Answer

Episodic memory

Answer

Semantic memory

Answer

Procedural memory

Question 16

Identify the type of long-term memory that allows you to remember specific details of past personal events, such as your first day of college.

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory

Answer

Procedural memory

Answer

Semantic memory

Answer

Implicit memory

Question 17

Procedural memory is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

Implicit memory for skills and habits.

Answer

Explicit memory for consciously retrieved information.

Answer

Episodic memory for personal experiences.

Answer

Semantic memory for facts and concepts.

Question 18

According to the encoding specificity principle, which scenario is most likely to result in successful retrieval of information from long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

When the retrieval context is similar to the context in which the information was initially learned.

Answer

When the retrieval context is very different from the encoding context.

Answer

When the retrieval cues are only partially related to the encoded information.

Answer

When the retrieval cues are completely different from the encoded information.

Question 19

The process of retrieving information from long-term memory typically involves:

Accepted Answer

Activation, spreading activation, and verification.

Answer

Encoding, consolidation, and storage.

Answer

None of the above

Answer

Retrieval, consolidation, and encoding.

Question 20

In the dual-process theory of recognition, which process involves deliberately recalling specific details associated with an item, such as the color of a dress you wore to a party?

Accepted Answer

Recollection

Answer

Familiarity

Answer

Recall

Answer

Recognition

Question 21

Research using neuroimaging techniques suggests that the hippocampus plays a crucial role in:

Accepted Answer

Encoding and retrieving memories of specific events.

Answer

Storing implicit memories.

Answer

Encoding of general knowledge.

Answer

Retrieving procedural memories.