Mood Disorders: Symptoms, Causes, and Treatment

Question 1

Which symptom is shared by both major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder?

Accepted Answer

Depressed mood

Answer

Elevated mood swings

Answer

Hallucinations

Answer

Delusions

Question 2

Which of the following is a key symptom of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?

Accepted Answer

Loss of interest or enjoyment in activities previously enjoyed

Answer

Persistent elevated mood without periods of depression

Answer

Rapid thoughts and a surge of ideas

Answer

Increased energy and reduced need for sleep

Question 3

Which of the following is a common symptom of major depressive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Hopelessness

Answer

Euphoria

Answer

Racing thoughts

Answer

Grandiosity

Question 4

Which symptom is **not** typically associated with Major Depressive Disorder?

Accepted Answer

Racing thoughts

Answer

Loss of interest in activities

Answer

Sleep disturbances

Answer

Feelings of worthlessness

Question 5

Which symptom is a defining characteristic of major depressive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Persistent Sadness

Answer

Sustained Euphoria

Answer

Racing Thoughts and Agitation

Answer

Increased Appetite and Weight Gain

Question 6

Which symptom is unique to bipolar disorder and not present in major depressive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Alternating mania and depression episodes

Answer

Persistent sadness and hopelessness

Answer

Difficulty concentrating and making decisions

Answer

Loss of interest in enjoyable activities

Question 7

Which of the following is a common symptom of Major Depressive Disorder?

Accepted Answer

Loss of interest in activities

Answer

Elevated mood and increased energy

Answer

Racing thoughts

Answer

Increased appetite and weight gain

Question 8

Which symptom is not commonly associated with major depressive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Increased energy levels and heightened activity

Answer

Persistent feelings of sadness or emptiness

Answer

Loss of interest or pleasure in once-enjoyed activities

Answer

Significant changes in sleep patterns or appetite

Question 9

What symptom is a key distinction between bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Elevated mood

Answer

Loss of interest in activities

Answer

Increased appetite

Answer

Difficulty concentrating

Question 10

Which neurotransmitter is consistently associated with the development of mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Glutamate

Answer

Norepinephrine

Question 11

Which symptom is common to both major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder?

Accepted Answer

Anhedonia

Answer

Euphoric Mood

Answer

Grandiose Delusions

Answer

Hallucinations

Question 12

Which symptom is a key diagnostic criterion for Bipolar I disorder, as per the DSM-5?

Accepted Answer

Elevated or highly irritable mood

Answer

Persistent low mood

Answer

Loss of interest in activities

Question 13

What is a primary symptom of Major Depressive Disorder?

Accepted Answer

Persistent low mood and loss of interest in activities

Answer

Elevated mood and increased energy

Answer

Racing thoughts and distractibility

Answer

Hallucinations and delusions

Question 14

Which of the following is a common symptom of major depressive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Persistent sadness

Answer

Elevated energy levels

Answer

Rapid thoughts

Answer

Increased hunger

Question 15

Which symptom is NOT a diagnostic criterion for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) according to the DSM-5?

Accepted Answer

Racing thoughts

Answer

Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day

Answer

Loss of interest or pleasure in activities most of the day, nearly every day

Answer

Appetite changes

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a primary symptom of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?

Accepted Answer

Increased energy and activity

Answer

Depressed mood most of the day

Answer

Significant weight loss or gain

Answer

Impaired concentration and decision-making

Question 17

According to the DSM-5, which symptom is essential for diagnosing Bipolar I Disorder?

Accepted Answer

Alternating episodes of mania or hypomania and depression

Answer

Persistent low mood and feelings of worthlessness

Answer

Delusions or hallucinations related to mood changes

Answer

Significant weight loss or gain without dieting

Question 18

Which of the following is a primary diagnostic criterion for Bipolar I Disorder, as defined by the DSM-5?

Accepted Answer

A period of at least two weeks of elevated or irritable mood with increased energy or activity.

Answer

A period of at least two weeks of depressed mood with loss of interest or pleasure in activities.

Answer

A period of at least one month of persistent sadness and irritability.

Answer

A period of at least six months of alternating periods of elevated and depressed mood.

Question 19

Which symptom is shared by both major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder?

Accepted Answer

Loss of interest and reduced pleasure

Answer

Elevated mood swings

Answer

Racing thoughts and rapid speech

Answer

Increased energy and reduced sleep requirement

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a key symptom of major depressive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Increased energy and heightened activity levels

Answer

Difficulty sleeping or sleeping excessively

Answer

Appetite changes, such as weight loss or gain

Answer

Feelings of worthlessness and excessive guilt

Question 21

Which symptom is a defining characteristic of Major Depressive Disorder?

Accepted Answer

Loss of interest in previously enjoyable activities

Answer

Excessive energy and racing thoughts

Answer

Inflated self-esteem and grandiose beliefs

Question 22

Which of the following is a primary diagnostic criterion for Major Depressive Disorder, as defined by the DSM-5?

Accepted Answer

Persistent feelings of sadness or emptiness most of the day, nearly every day

Answer

Periods of mania or hypomania alternating with periods of depression

Answer

Persistent thoughts of death or suicide

Question 23

Which diagnostic criterion is essential for Major Depressive Disorder?

Accepted Answer

Sustained depressed mood or diminished interest for at least 2 weeks

Answer

History of a prior major depressive episode

Answer

Impaired social or occupational functioning

Answer

Medical examination ruling out alternative causes

Question 24

Which medical conditions have been shown to be linked to the development or worsening of mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

Cancer

Accepted Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Asthma

Answer

Allergies

Question 25

Which of the following is a primary symptom used to diagnose Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), as per the DSM-5 criteria?

Accepted Answer

Persistent feelings of sadness or emptiness

Answer

Sustained periods of elevated mood and energy

Answer

Persistent delusions of grandeur

Answer

Hallucinations involving sights, sounds, or smells

Question 26

Which genetic factor is linked to an increased risk of developing mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

Family history of mood disorders

Answer

Exposure to severe and prolonged stress

Answer

Long-term use of certain medications

Answer

Experiencing traumatic events during early childhood

Question 27

Research indicates a significant link between mood disorders and anxiety disorders. Which statement accurately describes this relationship?

Accepted Answer

Mood and anxiety disorders often co-exist, demonstrating a high prevalence of comorbidity.

Answer

Mood and anxiety disorders are entirely distinct, with no evidence of co-occurrence.

Answer

Mood disorders are more severe than anxiety disorders, and individuals with mood disorders invariably experience anxiety symptoms.

Question 28

Which symptom is essential for diagnosing Major Depressive Disorder, as per the DSM-5 criteria?

Accepted Answer

Persistent low mood

Answer

Increased difficulty concentrating

Answer

Experiencing hallucinations

Answer

Rapid shifts in mood

Question 29

Individuals with mood disorders often experience co-occurring mental health conditions. Which personality disorder is most frequently diagnosed alongside mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

Borderline Personality Disorder

Answer

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

Answer

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Question 30

According to the DSM-5, which of the following is a key diagnostic criterion for Major Depressive Disorder?

Accepted Answer

A period of at least 2 weeks with persistent depressed mood or loss of interest in activities

Answer

A period of at least 1 month with feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt

Answer

A period of at least 6 months with loss of interest in activities

Answer

A period of at least 1 year with thoughts of death or suicide

Question 31

Which condition commonly co-occurs with mood disorders, particularly major depressive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Anxiety disorders

Answer

Eating disorders

Answer

Schizophrenia

Answer

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 32

Which personality disorder is most commonly found alongside mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

Borderline personality disorder

Answer

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

Answer

Antisocial personality disorder

Answer

Avoidant personality disorder

Question 33

Which symptom is unique to Bipolar Disorder and not found in Major Depressive Disorder?

Accepted Answer

Elevated mood

Answer

Loss of interest in activities

Answer

Suicidal thoughts

Answer

Depressed mood

Question 34

In the DSM-5, which symptom is considered primary for diagnosing Major Depressive Disorder?

Accepted Answer

Persistent feelings of sadness and anhedonia

Answer

Increased energy levels and rapid speech

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a core symptom of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?

Accepted Answer

Racing thoughts

Answer

Depressed mood

Answer

Excessive guilt

Answer

Suicidal thoughts

Question 36

Which symptom cluster is central to a diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder?

Accepted Answer

Persistent low mood and loss of interest, plus changes in appetite, sleep, and focus, lasting two weeks or more.

Answer

Alternating episodes of mania and depression, each lasting at least a week.

Answer

Chronic depression lasting two years or more, with milder symptoms than Major Depressive Disorder.

Answer

Excessive anxiety and worry, often with physical symptoms like muscle tension and shortness of breath.

Question 37

What is the primary symptom of major depressive disorder, according to the DSM-5?

Accepted Answer

Persistent sadness or loss of interest

Answer

Extreme happiness and inflated self-esteem

Answer

Feeling detached from oneself and reality

Question 38

Which of these is a primary symptom of Major Depressive Disorder?

Accepted Answer

Persistent sadness or low mood

Answer

Elevated mood or irritability

Answer

Significant weight gain or loss

Answer

Hallucinations or delusions

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD)?

Accepted Answer

Increased energy levels and activity

Answer

Persistent sadness or loss of interest in activities

Answer

Changes in appetite or sleep patterns

Answer

Difficulty concentrating or making decisions

Question 40

How do social support and interpersonal relationships influence recovery and maintenance in mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

B. They provide emotional validation, a sense of belonging, and increased resilience to stressors.

Answer

A. They have no impact.

Answer

C. They are only beneficial for mild mood disorders.

Question 41

How does cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) effectively treat mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

CBT challenges negative thinking and behaviors that worsen mood.

Answer

CBT focuses on reducing emotional symptoms.

Answer

CBT only uses positive reinforcement to encourage good behaviors.

Answer

CBT is only effective for mild to moderate mood disorders.

Question 42

Which neurobiological mechanism underlies lithium's mood-stabilizing effects?

Accepted Answer

Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), affecting cellular processes like cell growth and survival

Answer

Inhibition of dopamine reuptake, increasing synaptic dopamine levels

Answer

Enhancement of serotonin and norepinephrine release, elevating mood

Question 43

How do family history and genetic inheritance contribute to the development of mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

They interact with environmental factors to influence the development of mood disorders.

Answer

They are the only factors that determine the development of mood disorders.

Answer

They have no influence on the development of mood disorders.

Answer

Mood disorders are solely caused by environmental factors, with no genetic basis.

Question 44

How does stigma influence societal attitudes and interactions towards individuals with mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

Stigma can discourage individuals with mood disorders from seeking help or sharing their condition.

Answer

Stigma promotes greater social acceptance and understanding for those with mood disorders.

Answer

Stigma has little to no effect on the lives of individuals with mood disorders.

Question 45

Which criterion is a key distinction in the diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) versus Bipolar Disorder (BD)?

Accepted Answer

BD requires episodes of elevated mood or irritability, which are not required for MDD.

Answer

MDD requires only one depressive episode, while BD requires multiple episodes.

Answer

Depressive episodes in MDD typically last longer than in BD.

Answer

MDD is more commonly associated with comorbid anxiety disorders than BD.

Question 46

How do cultural factors influence the diagnosis and treatment of mood disorders? Provide specific examples to illustrate the importance of cultural sensitivity in mental health practices.

Accepted Answer

Culturally sensitive mental health practices acknowledge and respect the diverse ways in which mood disorders manifest across cultures.

Answer

Cultural factors have no impact on the diagnosis or treatment of mood disorders.

Answer

Cultural factors may affect the symptoms of mood disorders, but not the underlying diagnosis.

Answer

Mental health professionals should use the same diagnostic criteria for mood disorders regardless of the patient's cultural background.

Question 47

How do comorbid medical conditions affect the symptoms and treatment of mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

They can worsen the symptoms, requiring more intensive treatment.

Answer

They have no impact on the presentation or treatment.

Answer

Mood disorders can improve the symptoms of comorbid medical conditions.

Question 48

A characteristic symptom of major depressive disorder is:

Accepted Answer

Persistent sadness and loss of interest

Answer

Elevated mood

Answer

Increased energy levels

Answer

Racing thoughts

Question 49

The primary distinction between bipolar I disorder and bipolar II disorder is based on the:

Accepted Answer

Severity of manic episodes

Answer

Presence of psychotic features

Answer

Duration of depressive episodes

Answer

Presence of rapid cycling

Question 50

The primary neurotransmitter deficiency associated with major depressive disorder is:

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Answer

Norepinephrine

Answer

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Question 51

The medication class commonly used as a first-line treatment for bipolar disorder is:

Accepted Answer

Mood stabilizers

Answer

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

Answer

Antipsychotics

Answer

Benzodiazepines

Question 52

Dysthymia is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Chronic low mood

Answer

Severe and debilitating depression

Answer

Recurrent manic episodes

Answer

Psychotic symptoms

Question 53

Experiencing both depressive and manic symptoms simultaneously is referred to as a:

Accepted Answer

Mixed episode

Answer

Rapid cycling

Answer

Hypomania

Answer

Bipolar depression

Question 54

In the treatment of severe mood disorders, critically evaluate the effectiveness, potential risks, and ethical implications of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).

Accepted Answer

The effectiveness of ECT must be carefully weighed against its potential risks and ethical considerations before being used.

Answer

ECT is a safe and highly effective treatment for severe mood disorders, with no significant ethical concerns.

Answer

ECT is only used as a last resort due to its high risk of severe side effects.

Answer

ECT involves passing electrical currents through the brain, but its effectiveness is questionable.

Question 55

Analyze the potential impact of social media and technology on the incidence and manifestation of mood disorders, particularly among adolescents and young adults.

Accepted Answer

Exacerbation of symptoms due to increased social isolation

Answer

Improvement in overall mood due to enhanced coping mechanisms

Answer

Minimal or no discernible impact

Question 56

What is the main distinguishing feature of bipolar I disorder compared to bipolar II disorder?

Accepted Answer

More severe manic episodes

Answer

More frequent depressive episodes

Answer

Longer duration of manic episodes

Answer

Earlier age of onset

Question 57

How does dysthymia differ from major depressive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Dysthymia is a milder but more chronic form of depression.

Answer

Dysthymia is characterized by shorter but more frequent depressive episodes.

Answer

Dysthymia is more common in men than women.

Answer

There is no significant difference between dysthymia and major depressive disorder.

Question 58

What is the primary goal of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

To challenge and change negative thinking patterns and behaviors

Answer

To increase self-esteem and confidence

Answer

To prescribe medication

Answer

To provide emotional support and validation

Question 59

In individuals with mood disorders, how are sleep disturbances and mood symptoms related?

Accepted Answer

Sleep disturbances and mood symptoms influence each other.

Answer

Sleep disturbances are solely caused by mood disorders.

Answer

Sleep disturbances have no effect on mood disorders.

Answer

Sleep disturbances only cause mood disorders.

Question 60

How do family-focused interventions impact the treatment of mood disorders? Consider their effects on family relationships, communication, and overall well-being.

Accepted Answer

Family-focused interventions are effective for specific types of mood disorders.

Answer

Family-focused interventions are equally effective for all mood disorders.

Answer

Family-focused interventions are not effective due to stigma and resistance.

Answer

Family-focused interventions improve family dynamics but not overall well-being.

Question 61

In the context of mood disorders, how do cultural factors influence their presentation, diagnosis, and treatment?

Accepted Answer

Cultural beliefs and practices can shape how people experience and respond to symptoms, affecting help-seeking and treatment preferences.

Answer

Cultural factors only affect how symptoms are described, not how they are diagnosed or treated.

Answer

Mental health professionals should ignore cultural factors when diagnosing and treating mood disorders to avoid bias.

Answer

Cultural considerations are not relevant to providing effective treatment for mood disorders.

Question 62

What is a primary symptom of major depressive disorder?

Accepted Answer

Persistent sadness

Answer

Mania

Answer

Increased appetite

Answer

Racing thoughts

Question 63

Which of the following statements accurately compares traditional psychotherapy approaches to evidence-based therapies for mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

Evidence-based therapies are more effective than traditional psychotherapy approaches for mood disorders because they are supported by rigorous scientific research.

Answer

Traditional psychotherapy is more effective than evidence-based therapies for severe mood disorders.

Answer

Traditional psychotherapy and evidence-based therapies are equally effective for mood disorders.

Answer

Evidence-based therapies are less effective for mood disorders than traditional psychotherapy approaches.

Question 64

How do negative cognitive biases and maladaptive thinking patterns contribute to the development and persistence of mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive biases and maladaptive thinking patterns interact to create a feedback loop that sustains mood disorders.

Answer

Cognitive biases help individuals maintain a balanced view of reality.

Answer

Maladaptive thinking patterns are healthy coping mechanisms for stress.

Answer

Individuals with mood disorders have no control over their thinking patterns.