Complications of the Newborn Period: Assessment Quiz

Question 1

The primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome in newborns is:

Accepted Answer

Lack of surfactant

Answer

Heart defects

Answer

Anemia

Answer

Infection

Question 2

A clinical manifestation of hyperbilirubinemia (jaundice) is:

Accepted Answer

Yellow discoloration of the skin

Answer

Lethargy

Answer

Seizures

Answer

Diarrhea

Question 3

A potential complication of phototherapy used to treat jaundice is:

Accepted Answer

Eye damage

Answer

Bronchitis

Answer

Skin burns

Answer

Hypothermia

Question 4

The first-line treatment for neonatal sepsis is:

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics

Answer

Intravenous fluids

Answer

Oxygen therapy

Answer

Blood transfusion

Question 5

What is a common cause of jaundice in newborns?

Accepted Answer

ABO incompatibility

Answer

Congenital heart disease

Answer

Vitamin K deficiency

Question 6

What is the most critical nursing priority for a newborn with esophageal atresia?

Accepted Answer

Preventing aspiration

Answer

Maintaining fluid balance

Answer

Monitoring for respiratory distress

Answer

Providing nutritional support

Question 7

Which of the following is a potential severe complication of neonatal jaundice?

Accepted Answer

Kernicterus

Answer

Hepatic failure

Answer

Cardiomyopathy

Answer

Pulmonary hypertension

Question 8

The most common cause of physiological jaundice in newborns is:

Accepted Answer

Physiological jaundice

Answer

Sepsis

Answer

Bile duct atresia

Answer

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

Question 9

Which of the following congenital anomalies is characterized by a cleft in the lip and/or palate?

Accepted Answer

Cleft lip and palate

Answer

Trisomy 21

Answer

Spina bifida

Answer

Down syndrome

Question 10

Which of the following laboratory tests is used to monitor liver function in newborns with jaundice?

Accepted Answer

Liver function tests

Answer

Complete blood count

Answer

Urinalysis

Answer

Chest X-ray

Question 11

A newborn with a sacral dimple and a low-set hairline may have:

Accepted Answer

Spina bifida

Answer

Down syndrome

Answer

Cleft lip and palate

Answer

Congenital heart defect

Question 12

The Apgar score is used to assess the:

Accepted Answer

Newborn's appearance, heart rate, muscle tone, reflexes, and respiration

Answer

Newborn's neurological status

Answer

Newborn's respiratory effort

Answer

Newborn's overall health

Question 13

Which of the following is a potential complication of the newborn period that specifically affects the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory distress syndrome

Answer

Jaundice

Answer

Congenital heart defect

Answer

Neonatal sepsis

Question 14

What is the primary cause of jaundice in newborns?

Accepted Answer

Both increased production and decreased clearance

Answer

Increased bilirubin production

Answer

Decreased bilirubin clearance

Answer

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

Question 15

Which of the following congenital anomalies is characterized by a cleft lip and palate?

Accepted Answer

Cleft lip and palate

Answer

Spina bifida

Answer

Hydrocephalus

Answer

Down syndrome

Question 16

What is the first-line treatment for respiratory distress syndrome in newborns?

Accepted Answer

Surfactant replacement therapy

Answer

Oxygen therapy

Answer

Mechanical ventilation

Answer

Antibiotics

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of congenital heart defect in newborns?

Accepted Answer

Hoarseness

Answer

Cyanosis

Answer

Tachypnea

Answer

Failure to thrive

Question 18

What is the most common congenital heart defect?

Accepted Answer

Ventricular septal defect

Answer

Atrial septal defect

Answer

Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer

Pulmonary stenosis

Question 19

What is the primary goal of nursing care for a newborn with respiratory distress syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Improving oxygenation

Answer

Providing nutritional support

Answer

Preventing infection

Answer

Monitoring vital signs

Question 20

Which of the following is the primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants?

Accepted Answer

Surfactant deficiency

Answer

Congenital heart disease

Answer

Meconium aspiration

Answer

Pneumonia

Question 21

Congenital anomalies that exhibit a specific pattern of physical findings and developmental delay are classified as:

Accepted Answer

Syndromes

Answer

Major anomalies

Answer

Minor anomalies

Answer

Genetic disorders

Question 22

The most prevalent congenital heart defect diagnosed in newborns is:

Accepted Answer

Patent ductus arteriosus

Answer

Septal defects

Answer

Tetralogy of Fallot

Answer

Coarctation of the aorta

Question 23

Which of the following is a potential long-term lung condition that may develop in premature babies as a result of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)?

Accepted Answer

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)

Answer

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)

Answer

Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)

Answer

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)

Question 24

Which treatment option is commonly used as the first-line therapy for jaundice in newborns?

Accepted Answer

Phototherapy

Answer

Oxygen therapy

Answer

Intravenous fluids

Answer

Antibiotics

Question 25

Which congenital anomaly is characterized by a structural defect in the heart?

Accepted Answer

Congenital heart defect

Answer

Cleft lip

Answer

Spina bifida

Answer

Down syndrome

Question 26

What is the primary objective of therapy for congenital heart defects in newborns?

Accepted Answer

To correct the structural anomaly

Answer

To alleviate symptoms

Answer

To prevent future complications

Answer

To provide comfort and support

Question 27

Identify the most important nursing assessment parameter in evaluating potential respiratory distress in newborns.

Accepted Answer

Respiratory rate and effort

Answer

Skin color and temperature

Answer

Feeding tolerance

Answer

Urinary output

Question 28

What should be the primary nursing focus when caring for a newborn with jaundice?

Accepted Answer

Close monitoring of bilirubin levels

Answer

Ensuring adequate nutrition

Answer

Promoting skin-to-skin contact

Answer

Maintaining a safe and comfortable temperature

Question 29

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is characterized by all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

Bradycardia

Answer

Tachypnea

Answer

Grunting

Answer

Cyanosis

Question 30

Phototherapy is primarily used to treat:

Accepted Answer

Hyperbilirubinemia

Answer

Hypoglycemia

Answer

Respiratory distress syndrome

Answer

Congenital heart defects

Question 31

Which of the following is the most prevalent congenital anomaly globally?

Accepted Answer

Congenital heart defects

Answer

Cleft lip and palate

Answer

Spina bifida

Answer

Down syndrome

Question 32

Which of the following respiratory complications is commonly observed in premature newborns?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory distress syndrome

Answer

Asphyxia

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Question 33

Which type of jaundice is typically physiological and resolves within a few days?

Accepted Answer

Breast milk jaundice

Answer

Hemolytic jaundice

Answer

Hepatic jaundice

Answer

Cholestatic jaundice

Question 34

The primary cause of respiratory distress syndrome is:

Accepted Answer

Prematurity

Answer

Infection

Answer

Congenital heart defects

Answer

Asphyxia

Question 35

The initial treatment for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is:

Accepted Answer

Phototherapy

Answer

Blood transfusion

Answer

Intravenous fluids

Answer

Surgical intervention

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Down syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Cleft lip

Answer

Hypotonia

Answer

Broad nasal bridge

Answer

Short stature

Question 37

Which type of congenital anomaly is typically the most severe and poses the greatest risk to life?

Accepted Answer

Major structural anomalies

Answer

Minor structural anomalies

Answer

Chromosomal anomalies

Answer

Metabolic anomalies

Question 38

For a newborn diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), which intervention is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Provide supplemental oxygen

Answer

Administer phototherapy

Answer

Offer frequent feedings

Answer

Give antibiotics

Question 39

Which of the following is the most prevalent type of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) affecting newborns?

Accepted Answer

Hyaline membrane disease

Answer

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Answer

Meconium aspiration syndrome

Answer

Transient tachypnea of the newborn

Question 40

Identify the primary factor contributing to jaundice in newborns:

Accepted Answer

Elevated bilirubin production and reduced bilirubin clearance

Answer

Increased red blood cell breakdown

Answer

Liver impairment

Question 41

Which congenital anomaly is characterized by both cleft lip and cleft palate?

Accepted Answer

Cleft lip and palate

Answer

Down syndrome

Answer

Congenital heart defect

Answer

Spina bifida

Question 42

In the management of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in newborns, which of the following is considered appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Administration of surfactant and respiratory support

Answer

Phototherapy and bilirubin monitoring

Answer

Surgical intervention

Answer

Antibiotic therapy and oxygen therapy

Question 43

Elevated bilirubin levels in newborns are often associated with which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

Answer

Congenital heart disease

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Question 44

For a newborn with cleft lip and palate, what is the primary nursing intervention?

Accepted Answer

Implementing specialized feeding techniques and monitoring for feeding difficulties

Answer

Providing respiratory support and administering oxygen

Answer

Implementing wound care and preventing infection

Question 45

Which of the following is a characteristic sign of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in newborns?

Accepted Answer

Abdominal distension, bloody stools, and feeding intolerance

Answer

Jaundice, lethargy, and poor feeding

Answer

Respiratory distress, cyanosis, and tachypnea

Question 46

In the treatment of hypoglycemia in newborns, which of the following is the appropriate approach?

Accepted Answer

Intravenous administration of glucose

Answer

Phototherapy

Answer

Oral administration of glucose solution

Answer

Oxygen administration

Question 47

Identify the most common causative organism responsible for neonatal sepsis:

Accepted Answer

Group B Streptococcus (GBS)

Answer

Staphylococcus aureus

Answer

Escherichia coli (E. coli)

Question 48

A newborn infant is experiencing rapid breathing, chest wall retractions, and grunting sounds. The nurse suspects respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Which of the following is the most significant risk factor for RDS?

Accepted Answer

Premature birth (prematurity)

Answer

Maternal smoking during pregnancy

Answer

Maternal diabetes during pregnancy

Answer

Delivery by Cesarean section

Question 49

A newborn baby has been diagnosed with high bilirubin levels (hyperbilirubinemia). Which of the following nursing interventions is the most effective in managing this condition?

Accepted Answer

Encourage frequent and effective breastfeeding to promote bilirubin excretion through stool and urine.

Answer

Immediately start phototherapy.

Answer

Administer intravenous fluids to hydrate the infant.

Answer

Limit fluid intake to decrease bilirubin production.

Question 50

A nurse is examining a newborn who is suspected of having a congenital heart defect. Which of the following clinical signs is most strongly suggestive of a heart defect?

Accepted Answer

Bluish discoloration of the skin (cyanosis)

Answer

Yellowing of the skin (jaundice)

Answer

Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia)

Answer

Meconium staining of the amniotic fluid

Question 51

A newborn baby is born with a cleft lip and palate. Which of the following nursing interventions is essential to support feeding and growth in this infant?

Accepted Answer

Utilize a specialized feeding device designed for newborns with cleft lip/palate, such as a Haberman Feeder.

Answer

Delay feeding until surgical repair is completed.

Answer

Administer formula through a nasogastric tube.

Answer

Encourage the mother to use a standard nipple for breastfeeding.

Question 52

A nurse is caring for a newborn who is suspected of having an infection in the bloodstream (neonatal sepsis). Which of the following actions should be prioritized?

Accepted Answer

Obtain blood cultures immediately and initiate antibiotic therapy as prescribed by the physician.

Answer

Provide comfort measures to the infant.

Answer

Administer oxygen therapy.

Answer

Monitor for signs of dehydration.

Question 53

A newborn baby is experiencing low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). Which of the following is a common symptom of hypoglycemia in newborns?

Accepted Answer

Tremors or jitteriness

Answer

High body temperature (hyperthermia)

Answer

Increased alertness and activity

Answer

Slow heart rate (bradycardia)

Question 54

A nurse is educating a new mother about breastfeeding. Which of the following statements is accurate regarding breastfeeding and jaundice?

Accepted Answer

Frequent and effective breastfeeding helps reduce jaundice by increasing bilirubin excretion in the baby's stool and urine.

Answer

Breastfeeding has no effect on the development of jaundice.

Answer

Breastfeeding increases the risk of developing jaundice in the newborn.

Question 55

A newborn infant has been diagnosed with a diaphragmatic hernia. Which of the following nursing actions is the most crucial in managing this condition?

Accepted Answer

Ensure a clear airway and provide respiratory support, as needed, to address breathing difficulties.

Answer

Encourage frequent feedings to promote growth.

Answer

Administer antibiotics to prevent infection.

Question 56

A nurse is caring for a newborn with anencephaly. Which of the following nursing interventions is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Provide comfort and supportive care to the infant and their family, focusing on symptom management and emotional support.

Answer

Initiate aggressive resuscitation efforts.

Answer

Administer antibiotics as a preventative measure.

Question 57

A nurse is assessing a newborn for signs of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of MAS?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory distress, including grunting, retractions, and difficulty breathing.

Answer

Slow heart rate (bradycardia).

Answer

High blood sugar (hyperglycemia).