Lower Respiratory System: Structure, Function, and Gas Exchange

Question 1

Which structure connects the larynx to the lungs, facilitating air conduction?

Accepted Answer

Trachea

Answer

Bronchus

Answer

Bronchiole

Answer

Lung

Question 2

What is the primary function of the alveoli in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Gas exchange between the air and the bloodstream

Answer

Resistance to airflow

Answer

Removal of foreign particles and mucus

Answer

Regulation of body temperature

Question 3

Which type of cell in the respiratory system is responsible for producing surfactant?

Accepted Answer

Type II pneumocyte

Answer

Type I pneumocyte

Answer

Clara cell

Answer

Goblet cell

Question 4

What is the term for the rhythmic expansion and contraction of the lungs, enabling breathing?

Accepted Answer

Ventilation

Answer

Perfusion

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Respiration

Question 5

What is the normal respiratory rate range for an adult at rest?

Accepted Answer

12-16 breaths per minute

Answer

8-12 breaths per minute

Answer

16-20 breaths per minute

Answer

20-24 breaths per minute

Question 6

What is the term for the process of gas exchange between the alveoli of the lungs and the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Ventilation

Answer

Perfusion

Answer

Respiration

Question 7

Which condition is characterized by an accumulation of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Hypercapnia

Answer

Hypoxia

Answer

Acidosis

Answer

Alkalosis

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the trachea?

Accepted Answer

Producing mucus to trap inhaled particles

Answer

Transporting air to and from the lungs

Answer

Warming and humidifying inhaled air

Answer

Filtering dust and other particles from inhaled air

Question 9

Where does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occur in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Alveoli

Answer

Bronchioles

Answer

Pleural cavity

Answer

Trachea

Question 10

What is the primary role of surfactant in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Reducing surface tension to prevent alveolar collapse

Answer

Trapping inhaled particles

Answer

Promoting diffusion of gases

Answer

Producing mucus for airway protection

Question 11

What is the name of the space between the lungs and the chest wall?

Accepted Answer

Pleural cavity

Answer

Mediastinum

Answer

Pericardial cavity

Answer

Abdominal cavity

Question 12

What is the primary function of the epiglottis?

Accepted Answer

Preventing food from entering the trachea during swallowing

Answer

Controlling the flow of air into the lungs

Answer

Producing mucus to keep the airways moist

Answer

Warming and humidifying inhaled air

Question 13

Which of the following is a common clinical sign of respiratory distress?

Accepted Answer

Dyspnea

Answer

Bradycardia

Answer

Hypertension

Answer

Oliguria

Question 14

What is the primary mechanism by which oxygen and carbon dioxide move across the alveolar membrane?

Accepted Answer

Passive diffusion

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Question 15

Which of the following is a common clinical sign of pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Coughing up mucus

Accepted Answer

Shortness of breath

Answer

Wheezing

Question 16

What is the primary role of the surfactant lining the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Reduce surface tension and prevent alveolar collapse

Answer

Facilitate gas exchange between the alveoli and capillaries

Answer

Defend against pathogens

Answer

Produce hormones that regulate respiration

Question 17

What is the term used to describe the diffusion of gases across the respiratory membrane?

Accepted Answer

Gas exchange

Answer

Ventilation

Answer

Perfusion

Answer

Respiration

Question 18

What is the primary function of the ciliated epithelium lining the airways?

Accepted Answer

To trap and remove inhaled particles

Answer

To produce mucus that lubricates the airways

Answer

To facilitate gas exchange between the airways and capillaries

Question 19

Which of the following is a common cause of restrictive lung disease?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary fibrosis

Answer

Emphysema

Answer

Bronchitis

Answer

Pneumonia

Question 20

What is the primary mechanism for transporting oxygen from the lungs to the tissues?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin within red blood cells

Answer

Simple diffusion

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Plasma proteins

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Answer

Gas exchange

Answer

Regulation of blood pH

Answer

Protection against infection

Question 22

The trachea is a cartilaginous tube that connects the:

Accepted Answer

Larynx to the lungs

Answer

Bronchi to the lungs

Answer

Nasal cavity to the pharynx

Answer

Lungs to the diaphragm

Question 23

Which type of epithelial tissue lines the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Simple squamous

Answer

Stratified squamous

Answer

Simple cuboidal

Answer

Pseudostratified columnar

Question 24

The process of gas exchange in the lungs occurs by:

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Filtration

Question 25

What is the 'respiratory zone' and what is its primary function in the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

The section of the lungs where gas exchange occurs, primarily in the alveoli.

Answer

The part of the lungs where air is warmed and moistened before entering the trachea.

Answer

The region of the lungs where mucus is produced to trap foreign particles.

Answer

The area of the lungs where the diaphragm contracts to aid in breathing.

Question 26

Which blood vessel transports blood with low oxygen levels from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary artery

Answer

Aorta

Answer

Pulmonary vein

Answer

Superior vena cava

Question 27

Air passes from the pharynx to the lungs through which structure?

Accepted Answer

Trachea

Answer

Bronchus

Answer

Alveolus

Answer

Larynx

Question 28

Gas exchange in the respiratory system takes place in which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

Alveoli

Answer

Trachea

Answer

Bronchioles

Answer

Pleural space

Question 29

The primary function of the diaphragm in respiration is to:

Accepted Answer

Expand and contract the lungs

Answer

Filter inhaled air

Answer

Produce mucus

Answer

Protect the heart and lungs

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Nutrient absorption

Answer

Gas exchange

Answer

pH balance

Answer

Temperature regulation

Question 31

Which membrane lines both the lungs and the thoracic cavity?

Accepted Answer

Pleura

Answer

Pericardium

Answer

Peritoneum

Answer

Endocardium

Question 32

Which structure is responsible for warming and moisturizing inhaled air?

Accepted Answer

Nasal cavity

Answer

Pharynx

Answer

Trachea

Answer

Bronchus

Question 33

Gas exchange between the blood and the air in the lungs is known as:

Accepted Answer

Gas exchange

Answer

Ventilation

Answer

Perfusion

Answer

Respiration

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT a component of the lower respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Pharynx

Answer

Trachea

Answer

Bronchi

Answer

Alveoli

Question 35

The trachea's main function is to:

Accepted Answer

Warm and humidify inhaled air

Answer

Exchange gases between the blood and air

Answer

Filter harmful particles from the air

Answer

Produce mucus to protect the lungs

Question 36

Which cell type in the lungs is responsible for gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

Alveolar cells

Answer

Bronchial cells

Answer

Tracheal cells

Answer

Pleural cells

Question 37

The diaphragm, a muscle, is essential for:

Accepted Answer

Inspiration

Answer

Expiration

Answer

Gas exchange

Answer

Coughing

Question 38

Which factor does NOT affect the rate of gas exchange in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Blood pressure

Answer

Surface area of the alveoli

Answer

Thickness of the alveolar membrane

Answer

Concentration gradient of gases

Question 39

A condition marked by fluid-filled alveoli, impairing gas exchange, is called:

Accepted Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Emphysema

Answer

Atelectasis

Answer

Tuberculosis

Question 40

A common cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is:

Accepted Answer

Smoking

Answer

Asthma

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Lung cancer

Question 41

In a patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which intervention is most likely to improve gas exchange?

Accepted Answer

Mechanical ventilation

Answer

Administration of antibiotics

Answer

Bronchodilator therapy

Answer

Diuretic therapy

Question 42

Which of the following is the PRIMARY function of the lower respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

Gas exchange

Answer

Thermoregulation

Answer

Protection against pathogens

Answer

Vocalization

Question 43

What is the name of the cartilaginous rings that SUPPORT the trachea and primary bronchi?

Accepted Answer

Tracheal rings

Answer

Pleura

Answer

Bronchial rings

Answer

Alveoli

Question 44

What is the PRIMARY gas exchanged in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Carbon dioxide

Answer

Nitrogen

Answer

Helium

Question 45

Which of the following factors does NOT affect the RATE of gas exchange in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Body temperature

Answer

Surface area of the alveoli

Answer

Thickness of the alveolar-capillary membrane

Answer

Partial pressure of gases in the blood

Question 46

What is the ROLE of the diaphragm in respiration?

Accepted Answer

Contraction during inhalation

Answer

Contraction during exhalation

Answer

Relaxation during inhalation

Answer

Relaxation during exhalation

Question 47

What is the PRIMARY function of the surfactant in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Reduce surface tension in the alveoli

Answer

Increase the elasticity of the lung tissue

Answer

Facilitate gas exchange

Answer

Protect against infection

Question 48

Where does the primary exchange of gases occur in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Alveoli

Answer

Trachea

Answer

Pleural space

Answer

Bronchioles

Question 49

What is the main role of surfactant in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Reduces surface tension

Answer

Protects against infection

Answer

Increases lung capacity

Answer

Facilitates gas exchange

Question 50

Which of the following conditions is characterized by fluid-filled alveoli?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary edema

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Asthma

Answer

Bronchitis

Question 51

Difficulty breathing is a primary symptom of:

Accepted Answer

Respiratory distress syndrome

Answer

Fever

Answer

Chest pain

Answer

Cough

Question 52

What is the primary function of the epiglottis?

Accepted Answer

Prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing

Answer

Facilitates gas exchange

Answer

Regulates airflow

Answer

Produces mucus

Question 53

Which of the following is a type of lung cancer?

Accepted Answer

Small cell lung cancer

Answer

Leukemia

Answer

Breast cancer

Answer

Colon cancer

Question 54

What is the most common cause of pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial infection

Answer

Viral infection

Answer

Parasitic infection

Answer

Fungal infection