Master Software Design Principles: A Comprehensive Guide for University Students

Question 1

Which of the following is a fundamental principle of software design?

Accepted Answer

Modularity

Answer

Encapsulation

Answer

Inheritance

Answer

Polymorphism

Question 2

Modularity in software design aims to:

Accepted Answer

Decompose software into manageable components.

Answer

Make software more reusable.

Answer

Enhance software performance.

Answer

Reduce software complexity.

Question 3

Cohesion in software design measures the:

Accepted Answer

Extent to which a module performs a single, well-defined task.

Answer

Degree to which modules interact with each other.

Answer

Level of abstraction in the design.

Answer

Complexity of individual modules.

Question 4

Low coupling in software design leads to:

Accepted Answer

Increased software maintainability.

Answer

Reduced software complexity.

Answer

Improved software performance.

Answer

Enhanced software reusability.

Question 5

A major disadvantage of using inheritance in software design is:

Accepted Answer

Increased software complexity.

Answer

Reduced software maintainability.

Answer

Decreased software reusability.

Answer

Lower software performance.

Question 6

Unit testing in software engineering is primarily intended to:

Accepted Answer

Test individual units of code in isolation.

Answer

Verify the functionality of the entire software system.

Answer

Debug software defects.

Answer

Measure software performance.

Question 7

What is the primary goal of software design principles?

Accepted Answer

To guide the creation of software that is maintainable, extensible, and reusable.

Answer

To ensure that software meets functional requirements.

Answer

To improve the efficiency of software development.

Answer

To simplify the implementation of software systems.

Question 8

Which of the following best defines software modularity? Select the option that describes the degree to which a software component is independent and self-contained.

Accepted Answer

The degree to which a software component is independent and self-contained

Answer

The relationship between two components that share data or functionality

Answer

The level of abstraction at which a software component is designed

Answer

The extent to which a software component can be reused in different contexts

Question 9

Which type of cohesion implies that all elements of a module perform a single, well-defined task? Select the correct type of cohesion.

Accepted Answer

Functional cohesion

Answer

Sequential cohesion

Answer

Communicational cohesion

Answer

Procedural cohesion

Question 10

Loose coupling is a design principle that aims to: Select the option that describes the minimization of dependencies between components.

Accepted Answer

Minimize dependencies between components

Answer

Maximize the number of shared data structures

Answer

Ensure that all components are aware of each other

Answer

Limit the scope of changes to a single component

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of abstraction in software design? Choose the option that describes an incorrect benefit.

Accepted Answer

Increased code complexity

Answer

Improved maintainability

Answer

Enhanced code reusability

Answer

Reduced coupling

Question 12

What is the primary purpose of the Single Responsibility Principle? Select the option that describes ensuring that each class has only one reason to change.

Accepted Answer

To ensure that each class has only one reason to change

Answer

To minimize the number of dependencies between classes

Answer

To enhance the reusability of software components

Answer

To improve the performance of software systems

Question 13

Which of the following design patterns is commonly used to implement the Observer pattern? Select the option that applies to the Singleton design pattern.

Accepted Answer

Singleton

Answer

Factory Method

Answer

Builder

Answer

Command

Question 14

What is the main goal of refactoring in software design? Select the option that describes improving the structure and organization of code.

Accepted Answer

To improve the structure and organization of code

Answer

To fix bugs in software systems

Answer

To enhance the performance of applications

Answer

To reduce the size of software components

Question 15

Which of the following is a key characteristic of well-designed software? Select the option that describes high cohesion and low coupling.

Accepted Answer

High cohesion and low coupling

Answer

Extensive use of global variables

Answer

Complex and interdependent components

Answer

Absence of design patterns

Question 16

Which of the following is a metric used to measure the maintainability of software? Select the option that describes cyclomatic complexity.

Accepted Answer

Cyclomatic complexity

Answer

Code coverage

Answer

Lines of code

Answer

Number of bugs

Question 17

How do software design principles contribute to enhancing software quality and maintainability?

Accepted Answer

By promoting loose coupling and high cohesion, making code easier to understand and modify.

Answer

By having no direct impact on software quality or maintainability.

Answer

By encouraging the use of complex algorithms to improve performance.

Answer

By preventing vulnerabilities to enhance software security.

Question 18

Which software engineering design principle involves decomposing a system into smaller, self-contained modules?

Accepted Answer

Modularity

Answer

Cohesion

Answer

Coupling

Answer

Abstraction

Question 19

In software design, a component with strong functional similarity exhibits high:

Accepted Answer

Cohesion

Answer

Modularity

Answer

Coupling

Answer

Abstraction

Question 20

Which design principle determines the level of interdependence between software modules?

Accepted Answer

Coupling

Answer

Modularity

Answer

Cohesion

Answer

Abstraction

Question 21

The technique of concealing implementation details behind a well-defined interface is known as:

Accepted Answer

Abstraction

Answer

Modularity

Answer

Cohesion

Answer

Coupling

Question 22

Which type of cohesion refers to a component that accomplishes a single, well-defined task?

Accepted Answer

Functional cohesion

Answer

Sequential cohesion

Answer

Communicational cohesion

Answer

Procedural cohesion

Question 23

A design with high coupling between components is generally considered to be:

Accepted Answer

Unfavorable

Answer

Favorable

Answer

Neutral

Answer

Contextual

Question 24

Which software design pattern promotes loose coupling by employing an intermediary to facilitate communication between components?

Accepted Answer

Mediator

Answer

Singleton

Answer

Factory

Answer

Observer

Question 25

In software engineering, the Open-Closed Principle (OCP) states that software components should be designed to be:

Accepted Answer

Extendable without modification

Answer

Unmodifiable and rigid

Answer

Optimized for performance

Answer

Minimalistic in design

Question 26

In software design, which principle emphasizes organizing a system into smaller, independent modules?

Accepted Answer

Modularity

Answer

Cohesion

Answer

Coupling

Answer

Abstraction

Question 27

What is the primary objective of abstraction in software design?

Accepted Answer

To conceal implementation details and represent concepts at a higher level

Answer

To enhance code readability and documentation

Answer

To simplify the coding process and reduce errors

Answer

To improve performance and efficiency

Question 28

Which design pattern promotes loose coupling between modules by introducing an intermediary object?

Accepted Answer

Adapter

Answer

Factory method

Answer

Singleton

Answer

Observer

Question 29

What is a key characteristic of a software design that supports maintainability?

Accepted Answer

High cohesion and low coupling

Answer

Extensive use of global variables

Answer

Complex and tightly coupled modules

Answer

Minimal documentation

Question 30

Which refactoring technique can enhance cohesion by moving code that belongs together into a separate method?

Accepted Answer

Extract method

Answer

Inline method

Answer

Replace conditional with polymorphism

Answer

Move class

Question 31

What is a significant drawback of high coupling in software design?

Accepted Answer

Reduced maintainability and flexibility

Answer

Improved code readability and documentation

Answer

Enhanced code reusability and extensibility

Answer

Simplified debugging and testing

Question 32

Which metric is specifically designed to measure cohesion in software modules?

Accepted Answer

Lack of Cohesion in Methods (LCOM)

Answer

Cyclomatic complexity

Answer

Fan-in and fan-out

Answer

Halstead complexity

Question 33

What is the fundamental objective of software design principles?

Accepted Answer

To create software that is maintainable, extensible, and reusable

Answer

To minimize the number of lines of code

Answer

To enhance the performance of software

Answer

To simplify the coding process for developers

Question 34

Which software design principle emphasizes organizing a program into independent, self-contained modules that can be used and reused separately?

Accepted Answer

Modularity

Answer

Cohesion

Answer

Coupling

Answer

Abstraction

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of high cohesion?

Accepted Answer

Improved performance

Answer

Reduced complexity

Answer

Increased maintainability

Answer

Enhanced reusability

Question 36

Which software design principle measures the level of interdependence between modules, indicating how tightly coupled they are?

Accepted Answer

Coupling

Answer

Modularity

Answer

Cohesion

Answer

Abstraction

Question 37

What is the primary purpose of abstraction in software design?

Accepted Answer

To simplify complex concepts, hide implementation details, and provide a well-defined interface for interacting with them

Answer

To increase the reusability of code

Answer

To reduce the complexity of a software system

Answer

To improve the performance of an application

Question 38

Which of the following is NOT a guideline for designing highly cohesive modules?

Accepted Answer

Use global variables for data sharing between modules

Answer

Keep modules focused on a single responsibility

Answer

Group related functions together

Answer

Avoid duplicate code within a module

Question 39

Which software design principle aims to reduce the complexity of a system by breaking it down into smaller, manageable components that can be independently developed and tested?

Accepted Answer

Modularity

Answer

Cohesion

Answer

Coupling

Answer

Abstraction

Question 40

What is the primary goal of using interface segregation in software design?

Accepted Answer

To reduce coupling between modules by defining multiple, smaller, and more focused interfaces

Answer

To improve the maintainability of the codebase

Answer

To increase the flexibility of the software system

Answer

To enhance the performance of the application

Question 41

Which software design pattern is used to define a family of interchangeable objects that can be easily swapped in and out of a program to provide different behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Strategy

Answer

Factory method

Answer

Singleton

Answer

Observer

Question 42

Which architectural pattern strictly separates the user interface from the underlying business logic?

Accepted Answer

MVC (Model-View-Controller) Architecture

Answer

Layered Architecture

Answer

Microservices Architecture

Answer

Domain-Driven Design (DDD) Architecture

Question 43

Which fundamental principle of software design focuses on organizing the system into smaller, independent units?

Accepted Answer

Modularity

Answer

Cohesion

Answer

Coupling

Answer

Abstraction

Question 44

Which design characteristic measures how tightly focused a module is on a single, well-defined task?

Accepted Answer

Cohesion

Answer

Modularity

Answer

Coupling

Answer

Abstraction

Question 45

Which aspect of software design refers to the level of dependency between different modules?

Accepted Answer

Coupling

Answer

Modularity

Answer

Cohesion

Answer

Abstraction

Question 46

Which design principle involves concealing implementation details from the user, providing a simplified view of the system?

Accepted Answer

Abstraction

Answer

Modularity

Answer

Cohesion

Answer

Coupling

Question 47

Which design pattern is commonly used to improve the cohesion of a software module by combining related functionality?

Accepted Answer

Facade

Answer

Singleton

Answer

Mediator

Answer

Observer

Question 48

Which refactoring technique can be used to reduce the coupling between two software modules by moving a method to a more appropriate location?

Accepted Answer

Move Method

Answer

Extract Method

Answer

Inline Method

Answer

Encapsulate Field

Question 49

Which consequence is NOT typically associated with adhering to software design principles?

Accepted Answer

Increased code complexity

Answer

Improved maintainability

Answer

Enhanced readability

Answer

Reduced development time