File System Concepts: Master File Organization and Access Methods

Question 1

What is a **drawback** of a hierarchical file system?

Accepted Answer

Restricted scalability

Answer

Quicker file retrieval

Answer

Enhanced data protection

Answer

Improved file sharing

Question 2

What is the primary purpose of a file allocation table (FAT) in a file system?

Accepted Answer

To keep track of the location of data blocks for a file

Answer

To store file metadata, such as file size and creation date

Answer

To manage access permissions for files and directories

Answer

To create and delete files and directories

Question 3

Which directory structure organizes files and directories in a hierarchical tree-like structure?

Accepted Answer

Nested

Answer

Flat

Answer

Chained

Answer

Linked list

Question 4

Which access method allows a user to read from and write to a file?

Accepted Answer

Read-write

Answer

Read-only

Answer

Write-only

Answer

Append-only

Question 5

What is the primary purpose of a file descriptor?

Accepted Answer

To represent an open file and track file operations

Answer

To store file metadata, such as file size and permissions

Answer

To manage access permissions for files and directories

Answer

To secure file access by encrypting file data

Question 6

Which command can you use in a Linux terminal to create a new directory?

Accepted Answer

mkdir

Answer

dir

Answer

cd

Answer

pwd

Question 7

Which file organization technique is ideal for storing a large file that will be accessed sequentially?

Accepted Answer

Contiguous Allocation

Answer

Linked List

Answer

B-Tree

Answer

Heap

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a core component of a hierarchical file system?

Accepted Answer

Databases

Answer

Files

Answer

Directories

Answer

Links

Question 9

FAT, NTFS, and ext4 are instances of:

Accepted Answer

File allocation tables

Answer

Directory structures

Answer

Access methods

Answer

File compression algorithms

Question 10

Which access mode permits users to read and modify data within a file?

Accepted Answer

Read-write

Answer

Read-only

Answer

Write-only

Answer

Execute-only

Question 11

Which of the following file attributes records the creation timestamp of a file?

Accepted Answer

Creation time

Answer

Name

Answer

Size

Answer

Extension

Question 12

Which of the following is an advantage of utilizing a hierarchical file system?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated navigation

Answer

Increased storage capacity

Answer

Enhanced file security

Answer

Reduced fragmentation

Question 13

A file system that distributes data across multiple physical disks is termed a:

Accepted Answer

RAID

Answer

SAN

Answer

NAS

Answer

JBOD

Question 14

The process of associating logical file names with their physical disk locations is known as:

Accepted Answer

File allocation

Answer

Directory indexing

Answer

Path traversal

Answer

Metadata management

Question 15

How do journaling file systems guarantee data integrity during system crashes or power interruptions?

Accepted Answer

By writing data to a permanent storage area before updating the file system metadata

Answer

By storing a second copy of all data on a separate storage device

Answer

By utilizing a RAID setup to mirror data across multiple disks

Question 16

What is the primary purpose of a directory structure in a file system?

Accepted Answer

To organize files and directories in a logical hierarchy for easy navigation and management.

Answer

To store file metadata, such as file size, creation date, and access permissions.

Answer

To provide access control to files and directories, restricting who can read, write, or execute them.

Answer

To improve file search performance by maintaining an index of files and their locations.

Question 17

Which file access method allows for direct access to a file's data based on its physical address on the storage device?

Accepted Answer

Direct access

Answer

Sequential access

Answer

Indexed access

Answer

Random access

Question 18

What is the primary function of a file allocation table (FAT) in a file system?

Accepted Answer

To track the location of file data on the storage device, maintaining a map of which clusters are allocated to each file.

Answer

To provide access control to files, determining who has permission to read, write, or execute them.

Answer

To store file metadata, such as file size, creation date, and access permissions.

Answer

To improve file search performance by maintaining an index of files and their locations.

Question 19

What is a key advantage of using a journaled file system over a non-journaled file system?

Accepted Answer

Increased data integrity by maintaining a transaction log to ensure data consistency.

Answer

Faster file operations due to reduced disk writes and improved caching.

Answer

Improved security by encrypting file data and access permissions.

Answer

Reduced disk space requirements by optimizing file storage and allocation.

Question 20

In the Linux operating system, which command is used to create a new directory?

Accepted Answer

mkdir

Answer

rmdir

Answer

ls

Answer

cd

Question 21

Which file system attribute typically stores the date and time when a file was last modified?

Accepted Answer

Modification timestamp

Answer

Creation timestamp

Answer

Access timestamp

Answer

Change timestamp

Question 22

What is the primary purpose of a file system cache?

Accepted Answer

To improve file access performance by storing frequently accessed data in memory for quicker retrieval.

Answer

To reduce the number of disk operations required to access files, minimizing disk wear and tear.

Answer

To provide data backup in case of disk failure, ensuring data recovery and protection.

Answer

To enhance file security by encrypting cached data and restricting access to authorized users.

Question 23

Which component is NOT found in a file system?

Accepted Answer

Hard drive

Answer

File

Answer

Directory

Answer

Inode

Question 24

In Microsoft Windows, which file system is predominantly used?

Accepted Answer

NTFS

Answer

FAT32

Answer

ext4

Answer

HFS+

Question 25

Which file access method allows for direct access to any part of the file?

Accepted Answer

Direct

Answer

Sequential

Answer

Indexed

Answer

Relative

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT a valid file attribute?

Accepted Answer

File size in bytes

Answer

File size

Answer

Creation date

Answer

File owner

Question 27

Which file system is specifically designed for solid-state drives?

Accepted Answer

F2FS

Answer

NTFS

Answer

FAT32

Answer

ext4

Question 28

What is the main purpose of caching in a file system?

Accepted Answer

Improve file access speed

Answer

Reduce disk space usage

Answer

Enhance file security

Answer

Simplify file management

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a primary file organization method?

Accepted Answer

Relational

Answer

Sequential

Answer

Indexed

Answer

Hierarchical

Question 30

What is the main purpose of a directory structure?

Accepted Answer

To organize files and directories in a hierarchical manner for easy navigation

Answer

To provide a way to access files by name

Answer

To store metadata about files, such as their size and modification date

Answer

To improve disk performance by reducing the time it takes to locate files

Question 31

Which access method allows data to be accessed directly by its physical location on the disk called the block address?

Accepted Answer

Direct

Answer

Sequential

Answer

Indexed

Answer

Relative

Question 32

What is the role of a file allocation table (FAT) in a file system?

Accepted Answer

To track the location of file data on the disk

Answer

To store the names of files and directories

Answer

To manage access permissions for files

Answer

To provide a way to recover lost files

Question 33

What is the fundamental difference between a file and a directory?

Accepted Answer

A file stores user data, while a directory stores files and other directories

Answer

A directory stores user data, while a file stores files and other directories

Answer

A file is a collection of directories, while a directory is a collection of files

Answer

A directory is a collection of files, while a file is a collection of directories

Question 34

What is the purpose of a boot sector in a file system?

Accepted Answer

To load the operating system into memory during the boot process

Answer

To store the file system's metadata, such as the location of files and directories

Answer

To manage file access permissions and control user access to data

Answer

To provide a way to recover lost files in case of system failure

Question 35

What is the primary distinction between a logical file system and a physical file system?

Accepted Answer

Logical file systems provide a unified view of data, hiding the physical storage details, while physical file systems manage the actual data storage on the disk

Answer

Logical file systems manage files and directories, while physical file systems manage disk space

Answer

Physical file systems manage files and directories, while logical file systems manage disk space

Answer

Physical file systems provide a unified view of data, while logical file systems manage the actual data storage

Question 36

A database management system frequently performs large sequential read operations. Which file allocation strategy would be most efficient for this system?

Accepted Answer

Contiguous allocation

Answer

Linked allocation

Answer

Indexed allocation

Question 37

For granular access control to files and directories based on user identity and permissions, which file access control mechanism is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Access Control Lists (ACLs)

Answer

Capabilities

Answer

Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)

Answer

Mandatory Access Control (MAC)

Question 38

What is the primary purpose of a directory structure in a file system?

Accepted Answer

To organize and locate files efficiently.

Answer

To store file data

Answer

To manage user access permissions

Question 39

Which file access method allows for direct access to any part of a file?

Accepted Answer

Random

Answer

Linear

Answer

Hierarchical

Answer

Sequential

Question 40

What is the main responsibility of a file allocation table (FAT) in a FAT file system?

Accepted Answer

To track the physical storage locations of file data

Answer

To store file metadata

Answer

To manage file access permissions

Question 41

Which file system feature is specifically designed to enhance data integrity?

Accepted Answer

Journaling

Answer

Encryption

Answer

Indexing

Answer

Compression

Question 42

What is a key advantage of using a log-structured file system (LFS) compared to a traditional file system?

Accepted Answer

Improved write performance for large sequential writes

Answer

Increased data storage capacity

Answer

Faster file access for random reads

Question 43

Which component plays a crucial role in managing file storage and retrieval in a distributed file system?

Accepted Answer

Name node

Answer

File cache

Answer

Index server

Answer

Disk array

Question 44

What is the primary purpose of a RAID system in a file system?

Accepted Answer

To provide data redundancy and improve reliability.

Answer

To increase file access speed

Answer

To reduce storage costs

Question 45

When selecting a file system for a specific application, which factors should be given the highest priority?

Accepted Answer

Performance, reliability, and scalability

Answer

Cost and ease of use

Answer

User interface and aesthetics

Answer

File size and type

Question 46

What is the fundamental difference between a hard link and a symbolic link in a file system?

Accepted Answer

A hard link points to the same physical file, while a symbolic link points to the location of a file.

Answer

A hard link can be broken, while a symbolic link cannot.

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT a component of a file system?

Accepted Answer

Database

Answer

Journaling

Answer

File allocation table

Answer

Directories

Question 48

What is the primary purpose of a directory in a file system?

Accepted Answer

To organize and store files and subdirectories in a hierarchical structure

Answer

To hold all user data

Answer

To manage access permissions

Answer

To create new files

Question 49

What is the key difference between a hard link and a symbolic link?

Accepted Answer

A hard link points to the same physical location, while a symbolic link points to another file or directory

Answer

A hard link can be created on any file system, while a symbolic link can only be created on NTFS

Answer

A hard link is a physical connection, while a symbolic link is a logical connection

Question 50

What is a key advantage of using a journaling file system?

Accepted Answer

Increased reliability and data integrity in the event of a system failure

Answer

Reduced disk space usage

Answer

Improved performance for write operations

Question 51

Which of the following is a technique commonly used to improve file system performance?

Accepted Answer

Caching

Answer

Demagnetization

Answer

Fragmentation

Answer

Cross-linking

Question 52

What is the primary function of a boot sector in a file system?

Accepted Answer

To contain instructions for loading the operating system into memory

Answer

To manage file access permissions

Answer

To store user data

Question 53

Which file system concept enables files to be shared and accessed between different operating systems and devices?

Accepted Answer

Interoperability

Answer

Extensibility

Answer

Concurrency

Question 54

What is the main responsibility of a file system driver?

Accepted Answer

To translate file system operations into commands that the underlying storage hardware can understand

Answer

To store user data

Answer

To manage file access permissions