Ethics in Healthcare: Theories and Frameworks for Decision-Making

Question 1

Which ethical framework emphasizes maximizing overall well-being and benefit for the majority?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Natural law theory

Question 2

Which ethical theory prioritizes maximizing overall well-being?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Feminist ethics

Question 3

According to deontology, the ethical evaluation of an action is based on its:

Accepted Answer

Adherence to moral rules

Answer

Consequences

Answer

Intentions

Answer

Impact on social harmony

Question 4

Which ethical theory emphasizes the cultivation of virtuous character traits as the foundation for ethical behavior?

Accepted Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Rights-based ethics

Question 5

The Principle of Respect for Autonomy is primarily rooted in which ethical theory?

Accepted Answer

Rights-based ethics

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Virtue ethics

Question 6

When there is a conflict between the principles of beneficence and autonomy, the ethical challenge lies in:

Accepted Answer

Finding a balance that respects both values

Answer

Choosing the action that maximizes benefit

Answer

Automatically respecting patient wishes

Answer

Prioritizing physician judgment

Question 7

The ethical obligation to provide assistance in an emergency is known as:

Accepted Answer

Duty to rescue

Answer

Responsibility to report

Answer

Confidentiality requirement

Answer

Cultural competence obligation

Question 8

What is the primary role of ethical theories and frameworks in healthcare?

Accepted Answer

Guiding decision-making processes

Answer

Providing a definitive set of rules

Answer

Justifying personal beliefs

Answer

Solving all ethical dilemmas

Question 9

In healthcare decision-making, what is the primary distinction between ethical principles and ethical theories?

Accepted Answer

Ethical principles are specific guidelines for healthcare professionals, while ethical theories provide a broader framework for understanding ethical issues.

Answer

Ethical principles are abstract and impractical, while ethical theories are practical and directly applicable to healthcare decisions.

Answer

Ethical principles are universal, while ethical theories vary across cultures.

Question 10

In healthcare, when is it ethically acceptable to prioritize a patient's perceived well-being over their autonomy?

Accepted Answer

When the patient cannot make informed decisions due to cognitive limitations.

Accepted Answer

When the patient's decision poses a clear and immediate risk to others.

Answer

Autonomy should always be respected, regardless of the patient's perceived benefit.

Answer

When the healthcare professional believes they have superior judgment to the patient.

Question 11

How does empathy influence ethical decision-making in healthcare? Discuss practical strategies for healthcare professionals to develop empathy and enhance patient care.

Accepted Answer

Healthcare professionals can cultivate empathy by actively listening to patients, acknowledging their emotions, and respecting their perspectives.

Answer

Empathy has no impact on ethical decision-making in healthcare.

Answer

Empathy can impair ethical reasoning, so healthcare professionals should avoid letting it influence their decisions.

Answer

Cultivating empathy requires specialized psychological training for healthcare professionals.

Question 12

Which ethical theory places the highest value on promoting the greatest happiness or well-being for the largest number of people?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Virtue ethics

Question 13

Which ethical theory prioritizes maximizing the well-being of the greatest number of people?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Relativism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Virtue ethics

Question 14

According to deontology, an action is considered ethically correct if it:

Accepted Answer

Conforms to established moral rules and principles.

Answer

Is aligned with cultural norms.

Answer

Is guided by personal values and beliefs.

Answer

Leads to the best possible outcome for all parties involved.

Question 15

Which ethical framework emphasizes the cultivation of positive character traits in healthcare professionals?

Accepted Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Care ethics

Answer

Natural law theory

Answer

Kantian ethics

Question 16

In healthcare decision-making, the principle of autonomy refers to:

Accepted Answer

Respecting a patient's right to make choices regarding their own medical care.

Answer

Balancing the benefits and risks of treatment options.

Answer

Adhering to professional codes of conduct.

Question 17

According to virtue ethics, healthcare professionals should:

Accepted Answer

Strive to develop and embody virtuous character traits, such as compassion, honesty, and integrity, in their practice.

Answer

Follow established rules and regulations without question.

Answer

Always prioritize the patient's best interests above all else.

Question 18

In ethical decision-making, it is essential to:

Accepted Answer

Consider the perspectives and values of all parties involved, including patients, healthcare professionals, and society.

Answer

Make decisions swiftly without adequate deliberation.

Answer

Base decisions solely on personal beliefs.

Answer

Ignore cultural and religious influences.

Question 19

The ethical principle of beneficence requires healthcare professionals to:

Accepted Answer

Act in a manner that promotes the patient's well-being and minimizes harm.

Answer

Ensure equal treatment and fairness for all patients.

Answer

Respect patients' decisions regarding their own care.

Answer

Refrain from causing any harm to patients.

Question 20

Ethical frameworks and theories serve as:

Accepted Answer

Valuable tools that provide a structured approach to ethical decision-making in healthcare.

Answer

Excuses for healthcare professionals to avoid taking personal responsibility for their actions.

Answer

Guarantees that healthcare professionals will always make the morally correct choices.

Question 21

Which ethical theory prioritizes maximizing the overall happiness or well-being for the greatest number of individuals affected by a decision?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Casuistry

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Deontology

Question 22

Which ethical framework emphasizes adhering to universal moral rules and principles, regardless of consequences, as the basis for determining right and wrong actions?

Accepted Answer

Deontology

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Pragmatism

Question 23

Which ethical theory places central importance on developing and embodying virtuous character traits, such as honesty, integrity, and compassion, as the foundation for ethical decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Existentialism

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Deontology

Question 24

According to utilitarianism, the morally right action is the one that produces:

Accepted Answer

The greatest overall happiness or well-being for those affected

Answer

The greatest amount of pleasure

Answer

The long-term consequences that are most beneficial

Answer

The individual happiness of the decision-maker

Question 25

Which of the following is a key principle of deontological ethics?

Accepted Answer

Actions are morally right or wrong based on their inherent nature or universal moral rules, not their consequences.

Answer

Virtuous character leads to ethical actions.

Answer

The end justifies the means.

Question 26

Virtue ethics primarily focuses on:

Accepted Answer

Developing and embodying good character traits as the foundation for ethical decision-making

Answer

Analyzing specific situations to determine ethical actions

Answer

Maximizing overall happiness or well-being

Answer

Adhering to universal moral rules and principles

Question 27

Which ethical framework is characterized by a focus on specific situations and individual circumstances, rather than relying solely on general rules or principles?

Accepted Answer

Casuistry

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Utilitarianism

Question 28

In healthcare decision-making, virtue ethics encourages healthcare professionals to:

Accepted Answer

Act in accordance with ethical virtues, such as compassion, honesty, and respect for patient autonomy, as a guide for their actions.

Answer

Maximize patient happiness or well-being as the sole ethical consideration

Answer

Follow strict moral rules and regulations without exception

Question 29

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of using ethical frameworks in healthcare decision-making?

Accepted Answer

They eliminate the need for individual ethical reasoning and judgment.

Answer

They promote consistent and fair treatment of patients.

Answer

They provide guidance for complex moral dilemmas and ethical challenges.