Utilitarian and Non-Utilitarian Approaches to Healthcare Resource Allocation

Question 1

Which ethical principle prioritizes maximizing happiness for the greatest number of people?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Virtue ethics

Answer

Kantianism

Question 2

The principle of respect for persons in non-utilitarian ethics is based on:

Accepted Answer

The inherent dignity and worth of every individual

Answer

The maximization of utility for all

Answer

The prevention of harm and suffering

Answer

The promotion of fairness and justice

Question 3

In a non-utilitarian approach, the decision to allocate resources would be based primarily on:

Accepted Answer

The rights and values of the individuals involved

Answer

The overall well-being of the greatest number

Answer

The costs and benefits of providing care

Answer

The desires and preferences of healthcare professionals

Question 4

The principle of beneficence in non-utilitarian ethics requires:

Accepted Answer

Promoting good and preventing harm

Answer

Maximizing happiness for the greatest number

Answer

Respecting individual autonomy

Answer

Distributing resources fairly

Question 5

[Clarity and Precision] Which defining characteristic differentiates utilitarianism from other ethical approaches?

Accepted Answer

Prioritizing the greatest happiness for the majority

Answer

Upholding individual rights and autonomy

Answer

Ensuring resource allocation based on equality

Answer

Respecting patients' decisions and preferences

Question 6

[Answer Options] Which non-utilitarian ethical principle places primary importance on respecting the rights and choices of individual patients?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy (self-governance)

Answer

Beneficence (doing good)

Answer

Justice (fairness)

Answer

Non-maleficence (avoiding harm)

Question 7

[Difficulty Adjustment] In utilitarian decision-making, which outcome is considered the most ethical?

Accepted Answer

The choice that maximizes overall well-being for the greatest number of people

Answer

The option that strictly adheres to legal regulations

Answer

The decision that respects the wishes of all patients involved

Answer

The action that prioritizes protecting the most vulnerable populations

Question 8

[Language Accessibility] Which potential limitation of the utilitarian approach is demonstrated by scenarios where:

Accepted Answer

The interests of a single person may be sacrificed for the greater good

Answer

Ethical judgments rely on subjective assessments of happiness and well-being

Answer

Ethical considerations beyond maximizing happiness are disregarded

Answer

The complexity of the approach makes it impractical to implement

Question 9

[Correctness and Precision] Which non-utilitarian concept places emphasis on the fair and equitable distribution of resources?

Accepted Answer

Justice

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Non-maleficence

Question 10

[Curriculum Context] Which scenario exemplifies the practical application of utilitarian ethics in healthcare?

Accepted Answer

Deciding to transplant an organ from a healthy donor to save the lives of multiple critically ill patients

Answer

Refusing medical treatment to a patient who declines to consent

Answer

Allocating scarce resources through a randomized lottery system

Answer

Prioritizing care for the most severely ill patients, regardless of their backgrounds

Question 11

[Answer Options] Which non-utilitarian approach prioritizes the prevention of harm to patients above all else?

Accepted Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Justice

Question 12

[Difficulty Adjustment] The fundamental difference between utilitarian and non-utilitarian approaches lies in their:

Accepted Answer

Decision-making principles

Answer

Ethical objectives

Answer

Consideration of stakeholders

Answer

Legal implications

Question 13

[Language Accessibility] When applying non-utilitarian ethics to resource allocation, which factor is most likely to influence decision-making?

Accepted Answer

Patient preferences and values

Answer

Ensuring social equity

Answer

Minimizing economic costs

Answer

Adhering to established professional guidelines

Question 14

[Curriculum Context] In practical healthcare settings, reconciling utilitarian and non-utilitarian ethical considerations is often:

Accepted Answer

Complex and challenging

Answer

Straightforward and easily achievable

Answer

Unnecessary and avoidable

Answer

Counterproductive and harmful

Question 15

In utilitarian approaches to healthcare resource allocation, which principles guide decision-making and how do these principles prioritize patient outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Maximize overall well-being and minimize overall harm

Answer

Respect individual rights and autonomy

Answer

Promote equity and fairness

Answer

Minimize expenses and maximize efficiency

Question 16

According to utilitarianism, which of the following actions is considered morally right?

Accepted Answer

Actions that produce the most happiness and least suffering.

Answer

Actions that adhere to moral codes.

Answer

Actions that respect individual rights.

Answer

Actions that align with popular opinion.

Question 17

Which non-utilitarian ethical approach places primary emphasis on honoring individual freedoms and rights?

Accepted Answer

Kantianism

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Egoism

Answer

Natural law theory

Question 18

How can healthcare professionals effectively balance utilitarian and non-utilitarian principles in their practice?

Accepted Answer

Carefully considering the specific context and circumstances of each case.

Answer

Always prioritizing utilitarian principles over non-utilitarian principles.

Answer

Always prioritizing non-utilitarian principles over utilitarian principles.

Answer

Disregarding ethical principles altogether.

Question 19

Which of the following statements accurately describes the fundamental principle of utilitarianism?

Accepted Answer

Actions are right if they produce the greatest overall benefit for the greatest number of people.

Answer

Actions are right if they strictly adhere to established laws and regulations.

Answer

Actions are right if they are consistent with our innate moral instincts.

Question 20

Identify the key criticism commonly associated with the utilitarian approach:

Accepted Answer

It may justify actions that infringe upon individual rights.

Answer

It requires complex calculations to determine the consequences of actions.

Answer

It disregards the intentions of the actor.

Question 21

Identify the core principle that distinguishes deontological ethics:

Accepted Answer

Actions are inherently right or wrong, regardless of their outcomes.

Answer

Actions are right if they align with our moral intuitions.

Answer

Actions are right if they maximize happiness.

Question 22

Which criticism is applicable to the deontological approach?

Accepted Answer

It may lead to rigid and potentially unjust moral judgments.

Answer

It is overly complex to determine the inherent rightness or wrongness of actions.

Answer

It fails to consider the consequences of actions.

Question 23

Identify a strength associated with the utilitarian approach:

Accepted Answer

Its applicability in justifying a wide range of moral decisions.

Answer

It guarantees easy prediction of the consequences of actions.

Answer

It always ensures the most equitable and just outcomes.