Tree Data Structures: Master Trees in Software Engineering

Question 1

In a binary search tree, which algorithm efficiently locates a specific element?

Accepted Answer

Binary search

Answer

Breadth-first search

Answer

Depth-first search

Answer

Linear search

Question 2

What potential disadvantage arises when using an AVL tree instead of a binary search tree?

Accepted Answer

AVL trees are more complex to implement.

Answer

AVL trees require more memory.

Answer

AVL trees have higher time complexity for insertion and deletion.

Answer

AVL trees are less efficient for searching.

Question 3

In an AVL tree, what is the primary purpose of a node's balance factor?

Accepted Answer

To maintain tree balance

Answer

To determine the tree's height

Answer

To indicate node order within the tree

Answer

To store additional data associated with the node

Question 4

To form a complete binary tree with height 'h', what is the minimum required number of nodes?

Accepted Answer

2^(h+1) - 1

Answer

2^h

Answer

2^h - 1

Answer

2^(h-1)

Question 5

Which binary tree traversal technique prints nodes in ascending order for a binary search tree?

Accepted Answer

In-order

Answer

Pre-order

Answer

Post-order

Answer

Level-order

Question 6

What is the time complexity of finding the minimum element in a heap?

Accepted Answer

O(1)

Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(n log n)

Question 7

What key advantage do self-balancing trees offer over non-self-balancing trees?

Accepted Answer

Guaranteed logarithmic time complexity for all operations

Answer

Reduced memory footprint

Answer

Simplified implementation

Answer

Improved efficiency for searching

Question 8

How do binary trees differ from binary search trees?

Accepted Answer

Binary search trees enforce the property of smaller values in the left subtree and larger values in the right subtree, unlike binary trees.

Answer

Binary search trees have a limit of two child nodes per node, unlike binary trees.

Answer

Binary trees have a limit of two child nodes per node, unlike binary search trees.

Answer

Binary trees enforce the property of smaller values in the left subtree and larger values in the right subtree, unlike binary search trees.

Question 9

In a binary tree, which node is considered the root node?

Accepted Answer

The node with the highest level

Answer

The node with the largest value

Answer

The node with the smallest value

Answer

The node with the lowest level

Question 10

For a binary tree with height h, what is the maximum number of nodes it can contain?

Accepted Answer

2^(h+1) - 1

Answer

2^h

Answer

2^(h-1)

Answer

(h+1)/2

Question 11

What is the defining feature of a self-balancing binary tree?

Accepted Answer

The height of any node is always within a factor of two of the height of its children

Answer

The left and right subtrees have approximately the same number of nodes

Answer

The values are sorted in ascending order

Answer

All paths from the root to the leaves have the same length

Question 12

What is the time complexity of inserting a node into a perfectly balanced binary search tree?

Accepted Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(1)

Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(n^2)

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a common application of tree data structures?

Accepted Answer

Audio processing

Answer

File systems

Answer

Databases

Answer

Networking

Question 14

What is the purpose of a preorder traversal of a tree?

Accepted Answer

To visit the root node, then the left subtree, then the right subtree

Answer

To print the nodes in the order they are stored in memory

Answer

To print the nodes in sorted order if the tree is a BST

Answer

To visit the left subtree, then the right subtree, then the root node

Question 15

Which of the following is a valid binary tree expression for a tree with root 'A' and left and right subtrees 'B' and 'C' respectively?

Accepted Answer

A(B,C)

Answer

B(A,C)

Answer

C(A,B)

Answer

A,B,C

Question 16

Which of the following statements is NOT true about a binary search tree (BST)?

Accepted Answer

Nodes can have any number of child nodes.

Answer

Each node can have a maximum of two child nodes.

Answer

Values in the left subtree are less than or equal to the parent node.

Answer

Values in the right subtree are greater than or equal to the parent node.

Question 17

What is the average time complexity of searching for an element in a balanced binary tree with n nodes?

Accepted Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(1)

Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(n^2)

Question 18

Which of the following is a valid binary tree?

Accepted Answer

A tree with a single root node.

Answer

A tree with two or more root nodes.

Answer

A tree with cycles.

Answer

A tree where nodes can have more than two child nodes.

Question 19

What is the primary purpose of using a red-black tree?

Accepted Answer

To enhance the efficiency of search and insert operations.

Answer

To guarantee a balanced tree structure.

Answer

To store data in a sorted order.

Answer

To represent hierarchical relationships.

Question 20

Which traversal technique visits the root node last?

Accepted Answer

Post-order traversal

Answer

Pre-order traversal

Answer

In-order traversal

Answer

Breadth-first search

Question 21

What is the maximum number of child nodes a node in a binary tree can have?

Accepted Answer

2

Answer

1

Answer

3

Answer

4

Question 22

In software engineering, what is a practical application of a binary search tree (BST)?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining a sorted collection of data for efficient search and retrieval

Answer

Generating a list of all prime numbers

Answer

Creating a binary heap for priority queue operations

Answer

Performing topological sort on a directed graph

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a type of tree data structure?

Accepted Answer

Linked list

Answer

Binary tree

Answer

Binary search tree

Answer

AVL tree

Question 24

What is the primary advantage of using a binary search tree (BST)?

Accepted Answer

Efficient searching and retrieval in logarithmic time

Answer

Insertion and deletion in constant time

Answer

Constant time access to all nodes

Answer

Ease of balancing the tree

Question 25

How is an AVL tree different from a binary search tree?

Accepted Answer

It has a more strictly balanced structure.

Answer

It uses a different node structure.

Answer

It has a faster search algorithm.

Answer

It does not require rebalancing after insertions and deletions.

Question 26

Which operation is NOT supported in a binary tree?

Accepted Answer

Finding the maximum value

Answer

Search

Answer

Insert

Answer

Delete

Question 27

What is the time complexity of inserting a node into a balanced AVL tree?

Accepted Answer

O(log n) - logarithmic time

Answer

O(1) - constant time

Answer

O(n) - linear time

Answer

O(n^2) - quadratic time

Question 28

What is the purpose of a left rotation in an AVL tree?

Accepted Answer

Balance the tree after a right-heavy insertion

Answer

Balance the tree after a left-heavy deletion

Answer

Increase the height of a subtree

Answer

Decrease the height of a subtree

Question 29

What is the minimum number of nodes in a binary search tree of height 'h'?

Accepted Answer

h+1

Answer

h

Answer

2^h

Answer

2^(h+1)

Question 30

Which traversal method visits the nodes of a binary tree in the following order: left subtree, root, right subtree?

Accepted Answer

Inorder

Answer

Preorder

Answer

Postorder

Answer

Level-order

Question 31

What are the advantages of using a binary search tree over a linked list?

Accepted Answer

Faster search and retrieval due to logarithmic time complexity

Answer

Less memory consumption

Answer

Easier to implement

Answer

Better support for concurrent access

Question 32

Which of the following defines a binary tree accurately?

Accepted Answer

A binary tree is a hierarchical data structure in which each node can have a maximum of two child nodes.

Answer

A binary tree is a linear data structure in which nodes are arranged in a specific order.

Answer

A binary tree is a tree-like structure in which each node can have any number of child nodes.

Answer

A binary tree is a data structure in which each node has a fixed number of child nodes.

Question 33

In a binary search tree (BST), what is the time complexity of searching for an element?

Accepted Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(1)

Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(n^2)

Question 34

Which of the following serves as a balancing factor in an AVL tree?

Accepted Answer

The height difference between the left and right subtrees

Answer

The number of nodes in the left subtree minus the number of nodes in the right subtree

Answer

The sum of the heights of the left and right subtrees

Answer

The average depth of all nodes in the tree

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a common application of tree data structures?

Accepted Answer

Hash tables

Answer

File systems

Answer

Databases

Answer

Decision trees

Question 36

What is the fundamental difference between a depth-first search (DFS) and a breadth-first search (BFS) on a tree?

Accepted Answer

DFS explores nodes deeper in the tree before exploring nodes at the same level, while BFS explores nodes at the same level before exploring nodes deeper in the tree.

Answer

DFS uses a stack for traversal, while BFS uses a queue.

Answer

DFS is guaranteed to find a solution if one exists, unlike BFS.

Answer

BFS is generally more efficient than DFS.

Question 37

What is a binary heap data structure?

Accepted Answer

A complete binary tree where each node's value is greater than its children's values.

Answer

A binary tree that always maintains a balanced structure.

Answer

A binary tree in which each node has at most one child.

Answer

A binary tree in which the left child is always smaller than the parent and the right child is always greater than the parent.

Question 38

How can you determine if a binary tree is a full binary tree?

Accepted Answer

Every node has either zero or two children.

Answer

Every node has either one or two children.

Answer

The number of leaves is equal to the number of internal nodes.

Answer

The height of the tree is equal to the number of nodes.

Question 39

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a binary search tree (BST)?

Accepted Answer

The root node is the smallest value in the tree

Answer

Nodes are organized in ascending or descending order

Answer

Each node can have at most two child nodes

Answer

The left subtree contains all values less than the parent node

Question 40

What type of tree structure is used to implement a priority queue?

Accepted Answer

Heap

Answer

Binary tree

Answer

Binary search tree

Answer

AVL tree

Question 41

Which operation in an AVL tree ensures that the tree remains balanced?

Accepted Answer

Rotation

Answer

Traversal

Answer

Search

Answer

Insertion

Question 42

What is the time complexity of searching for an element in a balanced binary search tree?

Accepted Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(1)

Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(n^2)

Question 43

What is the maximum number of child nodes that a node in a binary tree can have?

Accepted Answer

2

Answer

1

Answer

3

Answer

4

Question 44

Which of the following operations is NOT applicable to a binary search tree?

Accepted Answer

Sorting

Answer

Insertion

Answer

Deletion

Answer

Searching

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a type of tree data structure?

Accepted Answer

Array

Answer

Binary tree

Answer

AVL tree

Answer

B-tree

Question 46

What is the main advantage of using a binary search tree (BST)?

Accepted Answer

Efficient searching and retrieval of elements based on their key values

Answer

Easy insertion and deletion of elements

Answer

Large storage capacity

Answer

Faster processing speed

Question 47

Which of the following operations is NOT supported by an AVL tree?

Accepted Answer

Hashing

Answer

Searching

Answer

Insertion

Answer

Deletion

Question 48

What is the time complexity of searching for an element in a balanced binary tree?

Accepted Answer

O(log n)

Answer

O(n)

Answer

O(n log n)

Answer

O(1)

Question 49

What is the difference between a complete binary tree and a full binary tree?

Accepted Answer

A complete binary tree has all levels filled except possibly the last, while a full binary tree has all levels completely filled.

Answer

A full binary tree has all levels filled except possibly the first, while a complete binary tree has all levels completely filled.

Question 50

What is the purpose of a node in a tree data structure?

Accepted Answer

To store data and connect to other nodes, forming a hierarchical structure

Answer

To store all the data in the tree

Answer

To represent the root of the tree

Answer

To connect the tree to other data structures

Question 51

What is the maximum number of children that a node in a binary tree can have?

Accepted Answer

2

Answer

3

Answer

1

Answer

Unlimited