Transport Layer: Understanding Protocols and Flow Control

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Transport Layer?

Accepted Answer

Hiding the network topology from applications

Answer

Ensuring reliable data delivery

Answer

Controlling the data flow between devices

Answer

Establishing and managing connections

Question 2

UDP, a transport layer protocol, is best suited for applications that:

Accepted Answer

Need real-time transmission

Answer

Require guaranteed delivery

Answer

Handle large data transfers

Answer

Encrypt sensitive data

Question 3

The sliding window mechanism in TCP is primarily used for:

Accepted Answer

Controlling data flow

Answer

Establishing connections

Answer

Detecting errors

Answer

Terminating connections

Question 4

The purpose of TCP sequence numbers is to:

Accepted Answer

Identify data segments in order

Answer

Prevent data loss

Answer

Control network congestion

Answer

Encrypt data before transmission

Question 5

Which of the following applications commonly utilizes UDP as its transport protocol?

Accepted Answer

Video streaming

Answer

Email

Answer

File downloads

Answer

Web browsing

Question 6

The main purpose of a TCP FIN segment is to:

Accepted Answer

Close a connection

Answer

Start a connection

Answer

Request data retransmission

Answer

Acknowledge received data

Question 7

Among the functions of the Transport Layer, which one is its primary responsibility?

Accepted Answer

Ensuring reliable end-to-end data delivery is a crucial function of the Transport Layer.

Answer

Establishing and subsequently terminating network connections falls within the responsibilities of the Transport Layer.

Answer

Encapsulation of data into packets is primarily a function of the Network Layer.

Answer

Performing error correction is primarily a function of the Link Layer.

Question 8

Which transport layer protocol guarantees reliable, sequential, and error-controlled data transmission?

Accepted Answer

TCP is renowned for its reliable, ordered, and error-controlled data transmission.

Answer

UDP, with its connectionless service, does not offer guaranteed delivery, sequencing, or error control.

Answer

SCTP, similar to TCP, offers reliable, sequential, and error-controlled data transmission.

Answer

DCCP, designed for real-time applications, prioritizes low latency and throughput over reliability.

Question 9

In TCP, the reliable flow of data is achieved primarily through which mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Sliding Window Protocol, a flow control mechanism, prevents buffer overflow at the receiver.

Answer

Stop-and-Wait Protocol ensures that data is sent and received sequentially.

Answer

Go-Back-N Protocol allows for efficient retransmission of lost packets.

Answer

Selective Repeat Protocol enables selective retransmission of only the lost packets.

Question 10

In the Transport Layer, what is the primary purpose of a checksum?

Accepted Answer

Checksums serve to detect errors that may occur during data transmission.

Answer

Flow control is not a primary function of checksums in the Transport Layer.

Answer

Checksums are not involved in sequencing data packets.

Answer

Establishing a network connection is not related to the functionality of checksums.

Question 11

Which of the following options best summarizes the key difference between TCP and UDP?

Accepted Answer

TCP is connection-oriented while UDP is connectionless, and TCP provides reliable data delivery unlike UDP.

Answer

TCP and UDP offer similar levels of reliability and connection establishment methods.

Answer

UDP employs a sliding window protocol whereas TCP does not.

Answer

There is no significant difference between TCP and UDP in terms of their functionality.

Question 12

In a TCP segment, the sequence number plays a crucial role. What is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

The sequence number ensures that data segments are reassembled in the correct order.

Answer

Preventing duplicate segments from being delivered is not a function of the sequence number.

Answer

The sequence number alone cannot ensure that all segments are received in order.

Answer

Calculating the checksum of the segment is unrelated to the purpose of the sequence number.

Question 13

Among the congestion control mechanisms employed by TCP, which one is NOT included?

Accepted Answer

Random Early Detection (RED) is a congestion control mechanism used in routers.

Answer

Slow Start, a congestion control mechanism, helps prevent network congestion.

Answer

Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease (AIMD) is used to adjust the transmission rate based on network conditions.

Answer

Congestion Window, a sliding window mechanism, plays a key role in congestion control.

Question 14

In the Transport Layer, what is the primary purpose of a port?

Accepted Answer

Ports are used to identify the specific application or service that data is intended for.

Answer

Providing addressing for data packets is not a function of ports.

Answer

Ensuring reliable data delivery is not related to the functionality of ports.

Answer

Controlling the flow of data is not a primary purpose of ports.

Question 15

Which protocol ensures reliable data transmission by establishing a connection between sender and receiver?

Accepted Answer

TCP

Answer

UDP

Answer

IP

Answer

ICMP

Question 16

What is the primary goal of flow control in the Transport Layer?

Accepted Answer

To optimize bandwidth utilization and prevent congestion

Answer

To prevent data loss

Answer

To ensure ordered delivery of data

Answer

To handle errors in data transmission

Question 17

How are ports and sockets related in computer networks?

Accepted Answer

A port is an endpoint of a communication channel, while a socket is the API used to access it

Answer

A socket is an endpoint of a communication channel, while a port is the API used to access it

Answer

They are the same thing

Answer

They are not related to each other

Question 18

Which of the following is not a responsibility of the Transport Layer in computer networks?

Accepted Answer

Providing application-layer protocols

Answer

Error control

Answer

Flow control

Answer

Congestion control

Question 19

What is the maximum size of a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) datagram?

Accepted Answer

65,535 bytes

Answer

512 bytes

Answer

1024 bytes

Answer

Unlimited

Question 20

Which algorithm is widely used for congestion control in TCP?

Accepted Answer

Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease (AIMD)

Answer

Slow Start

Answer

Token Bucket

Answer

Leaky Bucket

Question 21

What is the purpose of the three-way handshake procedure in TCP?

Accepted Answer

To establish a reliable connection between sender and receiver

Answer

To terminate a TCP connection

Answer

To exchange data between sender and receiver

Answer

To check for errors in data transmission

Question 22

Which of the following is a typical application of UDP?

Accepted Answer

Streaming media

Answer

File transfer

Answer

Email

Answer

Web browsing

Question 23

Describe the structure of the header in a TCP segment.

Accepted Answer

Source Port, Destination Port, Sequence Number, Acknowledgement Number, Window Size, Checksum

Answer

Question 24

Which protocol offers a connectionless, low-latency data transfer service suitable for applications like online gaming and streaming media?

Accepted Answer

UDP

Answer

TCP

Answer

SCTP

Answer

TLS

Question 25

Which port number is typically assigned to encrypted HTTP traffic secured by TLS?

Accepted Answer

443

Answer

80

Answer

21

Answer

25

Question 26

Which of the following is NOT an advantage provided by Transport Layer protocols?

Accepted Answer

Reduced network congestion

Answer

Reliable data transmission

Answer

Flow control

Answer

Error recovery

Question 27

What is the main purpose of the sequence number field in a TCP segment header?

Accepted Answer

To uniquely identify the segment within a TCP session

Answer

To detect bit errors during transmission

Answer

To control the flow of data

Answer

To manage network congestion

Question 28

Which congestion control algorithm responds to network congestion by exponentially decreasing the transmission rate?

Accepted Answer

Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease (AIMD)

Answer

Slow Start

Answer

Congestion Avoidance

Answer

Fast Retransmit

Question 29

What is the function of the Maximum Segment Size (MSS) option in TCP?

Accepted Answer

To limit the maximum size of TCP segments transmitted

Answer

To negotiate the maximum buffer size between hosts

Answer

To determine the available network bandwidth

Answer

To prevent IP fragmentation

Question 30

Which field in an IP packet specifies the type of transport layer protocol being used?

Accepted Answer

Protocol

Answer

Source IP address

Answer

Destination IP address

Answer

Flags

Question 31

What is the primary purpose of using a checksum in a TCP segment?

Accepted Answer

To detect and correct bit errors during transmission

Answer

To identify the source and destination IP addresses

Answer

To sequence and order TCP segments

Answer

To control network congestion

Question 32

Which primary function does the Transport Layer fulfill in computer networks?

Accepted Answer

Establishes and manages connections

Answer

Breaks and reassembles data

Answer

Detects and corrects errors

Answer

Encrypts and decrypts data

Question 33

TCP, a key protocol in TCP/IP networks, offers reliable and accurate data transmission. Which characteristic describes TCP most accurately?

Accepted Answer

Connection-oriented and error-checked

Answer

Connectionless and unreliable

Answer

Fast and efficient

Answer

Secure and encrypted

Question 34

UDP, a widely used Transport Layer protocol, differs from TCP in several aspects. Which of these is NOT a defining characteristic of UDP?

Accepted Answer

Reliable

Answer

Connectionless

Answer

Uses port numbers

Answer

Supports multicasting

Question 35

In the Transport Layer, port numbers play a crucial role. What is their primary purpose?

Accepted Answer

Identifying specific applications and services

Answer

Determining the destination IP address

Answer

Controlling the flow of data

Answer

Providing error correction

Question 36

To prevent receiver buffer overflow, TCP employs a flow control mechanism. Which technique does TCP primarily utilize?

Accepted Answer

Sliding window

Answer

Stop-and-wait

Answer

Congestion control

Answer

Error correction

Question 37

Connection-oriented and connectionless protocols exhibit distinct behaviors in the Transport Layer. What is the key difference between these two protocol types?

Accepted Answer

Connection-oriented protocols establish dedicated connections, while connectionless protocols do not

Answer

Connection-oriented protocols are more efficient, while connectionless protocols are less secure

Answer

Connection-less protocols are faster, while connection-oriented protocols are more reliable

Answer

Connection-oriented protocols use port numbers, while connectionless protocols do not

Question 38

In real-world applications, UDP is often preferred over TCP for certain types of data transmission. Which application commonly utilizes UDP?

Accepted Answer

Online video streaming

Answer

Web browsing

Answer

Email

Answer

File transfer

Question 39

Checksums play a critical role in the Transport Layer. What is their primary function?

Accepted Answer

Detecting errors in data transmission

Answer

Controlling the flow of data

Answer

Encrypting data

Answer

Establishing connections

Question 40

Congestion control mechanisms are crucial in the Transport Layer. What is their primary objective?

Accepted Answer

Preventing network collapse by regulating data flow

Answer

Improving data transmission speed

Answer

Detecting and correcting errors

Answer

Establishing connections

Question 41

Which primary function of the Transport Layer ensures reliable data transmission?

Accepted Answer

Providing a reliable communication channel

Answer

Establishing network connections

Answer

Routing data packets to their destination

Answer

Encrypting data for secure communication

Question 42

Which protocol is primarily designed for reliable, ordered delivery of data?

Accepted Answer

TCP

Answer

HTTP

Answer

UDP

Answer

SMTP

Question 43

What is the fundamental mechanism employed by TCP to guarantee reliable data transmission?

Accepted Answer

Sequence numbers and acknowledgments

Answer

Parity bits

Answer

Checksums

Answer

Sliding window

Question 44

What is the primary purpose of flow control in a Transport Layer protocol?

Accepted Answer

To regulate the flow of data to prevent overwhelming the receiver

Answer

To detect and correct errors during data transmission

Answer

To establish a secure connection between the sender and receiver

Answer

To optimize the network bandwidth utilization

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT a common flow control mechanism used in network protocols?

Accepted Answer

Checksum

Answer

Sliding window

Answer

Leaky bucket

Answer

Stop-and-wait

Question 46

Explain the fundamental difference between connection-oriented and connectionless protocols.

Accepted Answer

Connection-oriented protocols establish a dedicated channel before data transfer, while connectionless protocols do not.

Answer

Connectionless protocols are more reliable than connection-oriented protocols.

Answer

Connection-oriented protocols are always faster than connectionless protocols.

Answer

There is no functional difference between connection-oriented and connectionless protocols.

Question 47

Which of the following applications is best suited for UDP due to its characteristics?

Accepted Answer

VoIP calls

Answer

Email

Answer

Web browsing

Answer

File transfer

Question 48

What is the primary function of a port number in the Transport Layer?

Accepted Answer

To identify the intended recipient of a message

Answer

To identify the sender of a message

Answer

To determine the type of data being sent

Answer

To determine the path that a message should take

Question 49

Which of the following is a common Transport Layer attack?

Accepted Answer

SYN flooding

Answer

ARP spoofing

Answer

DNS poisoning

Answer

Cross-site scripting

Question 50

What is the primary role of the Network Interface Card (NIC) in the context of the Transport Layer?

Accepted Answer

Providing a physical connection to the network

Answer

Processing and forwarding data packets

Answer

Routing data packets to their destination

Answer

Storing data packets temporarily