Golgi Apparatus: Structure, Function, and Role in Protein Processing

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis

Answer

Protein glycosylation

Answer

Sorting and packaging of secretory proteins

Answer

Formation of lysosomes

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Lipid synthesis

Answer

Protein modification (e.g., glycosylation)

Answer

Sorting and packaging of proteins for secretion

Answer

Modification and secretion of extracellular matrix components

Question 3

Which function is NOT carried out by the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Creating new proteins

Answer

Modifying proteins by adding carbohydrates and lipids

Answer

Sorting proteins into vesicles for secretion

Question 4

Enhanced: The primary function of the Golgi apparatus is:

Accepted Answer

Retained: Protein sorting and secretion

Answer

Retained: Energy production

Answer

Removed: Detoxification

Answer

Removed: Waste disposal

Question 5

Enhanced: Which organelle receives proteins modified within the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Retained: Plasma membrane

Answer

Omitted: Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Omitted: Lysosomes

Answer

Removed: Mitochondria

Question 6

Enhanced: The Golgi apparatus is composed of a series of:

Accepted Answer

Retained: Cisternae

Answer

Omitted: Vesicles

Answer

Omitted: Tubules

Answer

Omitted: Crystals

Question 7

Enhanced: The Golgi apparatus is characterized by the presence of:

Accepted Answer

Retained: Glycosyltransferases

Answer

Omitted: Proteases

Answer

Omitted: Hydrolases

Answer

Revised: Lipases

Question 8

Enhanced: The Golgi apparatus is involved in:

Accepted Answer

Retained: Hormone synthesis

Answer

Omitted: Cell division

Answer

Omitted: Photosynthesis

Answer

Omitted: Antibody production

Question 9

Enhanced: A dysfunctional Golgi apparatus is associated with:

Accepted Answer

Retained: Cystic fibrosis

Answer

Omitted: Hemophilia

Answer

Omitted: Phenylketonuria

Answer

Omitted: Sickle cell anemia

Question 10

Enhanced: Vesicle movement within the Golgi apparatus:

Accepted Answer

Retained: Can move in both directions

Answer

Omitted: Moves only in the anterograde direction

Answer

Omitted: Moves only in the retrograde direction

Answer

Removed: Moves randomly

Question 11

Enhanced: The Golgi apparatus contributes to the synthesis of:

Accepted Answer

Retained: Chitin

Answer

Omitted: Cellulose

Answer

Omitted: Glycogen

Answer

Omitted: Starch

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the Golgi apparatus in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of ribosomes

Answer

Protein modification and sorting

Answer

Formation of secretory vesicles

Answer

Packaging of secretory proteins into granules

Question 13

Proteins destined for secretion or membrane incorporation are initially received by the Golgi apparatus at which of its structural components?

Accepted Answer

Cis Golgi network (CGN)

Answer

Medial cisternae

Answer

Trans Golgi network (TGN)

Answer

Vesicular buds

Question 14

Which cellular organelle is closely associated with the Golgi apparatus and often functions in coordination with it?

Accepted Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Peroxisomes

Question 15

Identify the key difference between the cis and trans Golgi networks:

Accepted Answer

The cis network is involved in receiving materials, while the trans network is involved in releasing

Answer

The cis network is acidic, while the trans network is neutral

Answer

The cis network contains more enzymes than the trans network

Answer

The cis network is closer to the nucleus than the trans network

Question 16

Which human disease is known to be associated with defects in the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Mucopolysaccharidosis

Answer

Huntington's disease

Answer

Alzheimer's disease

Answer

Parkinson's disease

Question 17

Which pioneering scientist is credited with initial observations and contributions to the discovery and early understanding of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Camillo Golgi

Answer

Santiago Ramón y Cajal

Answer

Albert Einstein

Answer

Charles Darwin

Question 18

How does the Golgi apparatus contribute to the cell's ability to receive and respond to external signals?

Accepted Answer

Glycosylation of receptors

Answer

Degradation of signaling molecules

Answer

Synthesis of hormones

Question 19

Which of the following accurately describes the structural organization of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

A series of flattened membrane-bound sacs known as cisternae

Answer

A double membrane-bounded organelle with cristae

Answer

An interconnected network of membrane-bound tubules

Question 20

Identify the primary function of the Golgi apparatus within the cell:

Accepted Answer

Processing, sorting, and packaging of proteins and lipids

Answer

Generating energy through cellular respiration

Answer

Synthesizing new proteins from amino acids

Question 21

Within the Golgi apparatus, which of the following modifications can occur to proteins?

Accepted Answer

Glycosylation, phosphorylation, and sulfation

Answer

Glycosylation

Answer

Phosphorylation

Answer

Sulfation

Question 22

Explain the specific function of the cis-Golgi network:

Accepted Answer

Receiving newly synthesized proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Degrading misfolded proteins

Answer

Packaging proteins into secretory vesicles

Question 23

Distinguish the trans-Golgi network from other Golgi compartments based on its unique function:

Accepted Answer

Sorting and packaging proteins into vesicles for their final destinations

Answer

Receiving proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Modifying proteins by adding carbohydrate chains

Question 24

Hypothesize the potential consequences of a defect in the Golgi apparatus's ability to glycosylate proteins:

Accepted Answer

Impaired cell signaling and molecular recognition

Answer

Enhanced energy production

Answer

Increased protein synthesis rates

Answer

Faster cell division

Question 25

Identify the molecule that plays a pivotal role in directing proteins to the Golgi apparatus:

Accepted Answer

Signal peptides

Answer

tRNA molecules

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

mRNA transcripts

Question 26

Describe the function of COPII coated vesicles in relation to the Golgi apparatus:

Accepted Answer

Transporting proteins from the ER to the Golgi apparatus

Answer

Transporting proteins from the Golgi to the plasma membrane

Answer

Transporting proteins from the Golgi to the lysosome

Question 27

Which model is widely accepted to explain the movement of proteins through the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Cisternal maturation model

Answer

Vesicular transport model

Answer

Active transport model

Answer

Diffusion model

Question 28

In which cellular processes does the Golgi apparatus play a crucial role?

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Answer

Formation of lysosomes

Answer

Replacement of plasma membrane components

Answer

Secretion of hormones and enzymes