DNA Structure and Function: Interactive Learning Quizzes

Question 1

DNA's sugar-phosphate backbone contains:

Accepted Answer

Deoxyribose and phosphate

Answer

Ribose and phosphate

Answer

Deoxyribose and nitrogenous bases

Answer

Ribose and nitrogenous bases

Question 2

DNA's base pairing rule is:

Accepted Answer

A-T, C-G

Answer

A-G, C-T

Answer

T-A, C-G

Answer

T-G, C-A

Question 3

Telomeres in DNA replication serve to:

Accepted Answer

Prevent loss of genetic information with each replication

Answer

Control gene expression

Answer

Initiate DNA replication

Answer

Terminate RNA transcription

Question 4

DNA amplification is achieved using:

Accepted Answer

PCR

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

DNA fingerprinting

Answer

DNA sequencing

Question 5

The distinction between a gene and a genome is:

Accepted Answer

A gene is a specific region of DNA for a protein, while a genome is the total DNA in an organism

Answer

A gene is all the DNA in an organism, while a genome is a specific region of DNA for a protein

Answer

Genes and genomes are synonyms

Answer

There is no difference between genes and genomes

Question 6

Biotechnology in medicine does NOT include:

Accepted Answer

Food preservation

Answer

Gene therapy

Answer

Diagnostic tests

Answer

Drug development

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous base found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

Adenine

Answer

Thymine

Answer

Cytosine

Question 8

What is the basic structural unit of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotide

Answer

Nucleoside

Answer

Base pair

Answer

Double helix

Question 9

In DNA, which base pairs with adenine?

Accepted Answer

Thymine

Answer

Cytosine

Answer

Guanine

Answer

Uracil

Question 10

What is the shape of the DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

Double helix

Answer

Linear

Answer

Circular

Answer

Triple helix

Question 11

What is the complementary sequence to the DNA strand: 5'- ATCGTTAC -3'?

Accepted Answer

5'- TAAGCAT -3'

Answer

5'- TAGCAT -3'

Answer

5'- ATGCAA -3'

Answer

5'- GTAACAT -3'

Question 12

What is the primary function of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

To synthesize new DNA strands

Answer

To unwind the DNA double helix

Answer

To add primers to the DNA template

Answer

To proofread and repair errors in DNA replication

Question 13

Which nitrogenous base is NOT present in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

Adenine

Answer

Thymine

Answer

Cytosine

Question 14

Who is credited for discovering the double helix structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

James Watson and Francis Crick

Answer

Gregor Mendel

Answer

Rosalind Franklin

Answer

Frederick Sanger

Question 15

Which of these statements highlights a crucial difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar while RNA contains ribose sugar

Answer

DNA is single-stranded while RNA is double-stranded

Answer

DNA is found in the cytoplasm while RNA is found in the nucleus

Answer

DNA carries genetic information while RNA does not

Question 16

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for unwinding and separating DNA strands?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Answer

Polymerase

Answer

Ligase

Answer

Primase

Question 17

Which process involves the transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Replication

Answer

Mutation

Question 18

The functional unit of DNA that carries a specific genetic code is called a:

Accepted Answer

Gene

Answer

Nucleotide

Answer

Base

Answer

Nucleoside

Question 19

The primary role of DNA in living organisms is:

Accepted Answer

To store and transmit genetic information

Answer

To regulate metabolic pathways

Answer

To synthesize proteins directly

Answer

To provide energy for cellular functions

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a component of DNA?

Accepted Answer

RNA

Answer

Adenine

Answer

Phosphate

Answer

Deoxyribose

Question 21

What type of bonds link nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Answer

Van der Waals forces

Answer

Covalent bonds

Answer

Ionic bonds

Question 22

Who is credited with discovering the double helix structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Watson and Crick

Answer

Rosalind Franklin

Answer

Maurice Wilkins

Answer

Erwin Chargaff

Question 23

What is the function of the nitrogenous base thymine?

Accepted Answer

To pair with adenine

Answer

To pair with cytosine

Answer

To form the sugar-phosphate backbone

Answer

To act as a catalyst for DNA replication

Question 24

What is the role of DNA polymerases in DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

To catalyze the addition of complementary nucleotides to the growing strand.

Answer

To proofread the newly synthesized strands.

Answer

To separate the DNA strands.

Question 25

Which of the following is a function of DNA?

Accepted Answer

To store and transmit genetic information

Answer

To regulate protein synthesis in the cytoplasm

Answer

To provide energy for cellular processes

Answer

To encode for specific proteins

Question 26

What is the significance of the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

It describes the flow of genetic information from DNA, through RNA, to protein.

Answer

It explains how proteins are synthesized in the ribosome.

Answer

It predicts the genetic code based on the sequence of DNA.