Ethics in Biomedicine: Theories and Applications

Question 1

Which of the following is a key tenet of utilitarianism?

Accepted Answer

Actions are morally right if they maximize overall happiness.

Answer

Actions are morally right if they adhere to universal moral rules.

Answer

Actions are morally right if they develop virtuous character.

Question 2

Deontology places primary emphasis on the importance of:

Accepted Answer

Adhering to universal moral rules, regardless of consequences.

Answer

Achieving the greatest happiness for the most people.

Answer

Cultivating personal virtues and ethical character traits.

Question 3

According to virtue ethics, which of the following is NOT considered a virtue?

Accepted Answer

Selfishness

Answer

Courage

Answer

Honesty

Question 4

Which ethical theory places the greatest emphasis on individual rights?

Accepted Answer

Deontology

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Virtue ethics

Question 5

A bioethical dilemma arises when:

Accepted Answer

There are multiple morally justifiable options, but they conflict.

Answer

There is only one ethically correct decision.

Answer

There is no ethical resolution to the situation.

Question 6

The concept of informed consent in medical ethics emphasizes the importance of:

Accepted Answer

Both options A and B

Answer

Respecting the patient's autonomy

Answer

Ensuring the patient fully understands the risks and benefits of a treatment

Question 7

Which ethical theory prioritizes the maximization of overall well-being or happiness?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Virtue ethics

Question 8

What is the central tenet of deontological ethics?

Accepted Answer

Actions are inherently right or wrong, irrespective of their consequences.

Answer

Actions are right if they lead to the most beneficial outcomes.

Answer

Actions are virtuous if they align with moral character traits.

Question 9

Which of the following is not considered a virtue in virtue ethics?

Accepted Answer

Wealth

Answer

Courage

Answer

Justice

Answer

Selflessness

Question 10

In the field of bioethics, which ethical principle emphasizes respect for patient self-determination?

Accepted Answer

Autonomy

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Justice

Question 11

Which ethical theory could justify allocating limited medical resources to individuals with the highest chance of survival?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Virtue ethics

Question 12

What is the primary function of ethical committees in biomedicine?

Accepted Answer

Both (a) and (c)

Answer

Providing guidance on ethical issues

Answer

Enforcing ethical regulations

Answer

Approving research proposals

Question 13

Which ethical principle obligates researchers to minimize potential harm to human subjects?

Accepted Answer

Non-maleficence

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Answer

Autonomy

Question 14

Which ethical theory prioritizes maximizing overall happiness for the greatest number of people?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Virtue ethics

Question 15

Which ethical theory emphasizes adhering to duties and rules, irrespective of outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Deontology

Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Virtue ethics

Question 16

Which concept in virtue ethics is NOT considered a virtue?

Accepted Answer

Pleasure

Answer

Courage

Answer

Honesty

Question 17

In the Belmont Report, which principle underscores respecting an individual's right to make their own decisions?

Accepted Answer

Respect for persons

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Justice

Question 18

Which bioethical concern addresses the utilization of genetic information to inform decisions about individuals?

Accepted Answer

Genetic discrimination

Answer

Reproductive cloning

Answer

Stem cell research

Question 19

According to the Declaration of Helsinki, which requirement is essential for conducting research involving human participants?

Accepted Answer

Informed consent

Answer

Research validity

Answer

Societal value

Question 20

Which ethical theory would justify saving the lives of five patients over the life of one patient?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Virtue ethics

Question 21

In the context of healthcare access, which ethical principle is most relevant?

Accepted Answer

Justice

Answer

Beneficence

Answer

Non-maleficence

Question 22

In ethical decision-making, which approach involves evaluating the potential consequences of different actions?

Accepted Answer

Utilitarianism

Answer

Deontology

Answer

Virtue ethics