Nucleic Acids: Structure, Function, and Metabolism

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous base found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

Adenine

Answer

Guanine

Answer

Cytosine

Question 2

Which type of bond connects nucleotides in a DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bonds

Answer

Peptide bonds

Answer

Glycosidic bonds

Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Question 3

What is the primary function of RNA polymerase in transcription?

Accepted Answer

Initiates and synthesizes RNA molecules using DNA as a template

Answer

Unzips the DNA double helix

Answer

Proofreads synthesized RNA molecules

Answer

Catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds

Question 4

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Answer

Ligase

Answer

Polymerase

Answer

Primase

Question 5

What is the process by which RNA is synthesized using a DNA template called?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Replication

Answer

Mutation

Question 6

Which type of RNA molecule carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

mRNA

Answer

rRNA

Answer

tRNA

Answer

snRNA

Question 7

What is the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

A set of rules that determines which amino acid each codon represents

Answer

The sequence of nitrogenous bases in DNA or RNA

Answer

The structure of proteins

Answer

A mechanism for gene expression

Question 8

Which type of mutation involves the insertion of one or more nucleotides into a DNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

Insertion

Answer

Silent mutation

Answer

Deletion

Answer

Substitution

Question 9

In gene expression, what is the primary function of tRNA?

Accepted Answer

Transporting amino acids to the ribosome

Answer

Initiating protein synthesis

Answer

Catalyzing the formation of peptide bonds

Answer

Terminating protein synthesis

Question 10

Precise Question: Which of the following describes the correct structure of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

Rebalanced Answer Options: A. Sugar-Base-Phosphate

Answer

B. Base-Phosphate-Sugar

Answer

C. Phosphate-Sugar-Base

Answer

D. Sugar-Phosphate-Base

Question 11

Simplified Question: What is the primary function of DNA within a cell?

Accepted Answer

Balanced Answer Options: A. To store and transmit genetic information

Answer

B. To catalyze chemical reactions

Answer

C. To facilitate cellular respiration

Answer

D. To transport molecules across membranes

Question 12

Adjusted Question: Which process involves the duplication of DNA prior to cell division?

Accepted Answer

Rewritten Answer Options: A. Replication

Answer

B. Transcription

Answer

C. Translation

Answer

D. Mutation

Question 13

Corrected Question: Which enzyme plays a crucial role in transcribing DNA into RNA?

Accepted Answer

Rewritten Answer Options: A. RNA polymerase

Answer

B. DNA polymerase

Answer

C. Ligase

Answer

D. Helicase

Question 14

Rephrased Question: What is the primary function of the ribosome in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Rewritten Answer Options: A. To assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain

Answer

B. To decode mRNA and direct protein synthesis

Answer

C. To regulate gene expression

Answer

D. To modify proteins after translation

Question 15

Which of the following most accurately describes the primary function of DNA?

Accepted Answer

To store the genetic code

Answer

To regulate gene expression

Answer

To serve as a structural component of cells

Answer

To catalyze biochemical reactions

Question 16

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

DNA primase

Answer

Ligase

Question 17

Which process involves using DNA as a template to create an RNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Replication

Answer

Protein folding

Question 18

What is the primary role of ribozymes in RNA metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Acting as catalytic enzymes in specific chemical reactions

Answer

Controlling the expression of genes

Answer

Providing structural stability to RNA molecules

Answer

Transporting RNA molecules across cell membranes

Question 19

Which technique is commonly used to separate and analyze nucleic acid molecules?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Spectrophotometry

Answer

Chromatography

Answer

Crystallography

Question 20

What is the fundamental importance of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

It determines the order of amino acids in proteins.

Answer

It is identical in all living organisms.

Answer

It serves as a universal language for all genetic information.

Answer

It remains unchangeable under any circumstances.

Question 21

Which type of RNA molecule is responsible for carrying amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer

Small interfering RNA (siRNA)

Question 22

Which of the following accurately describes the primary function of DNA?

Accepted Answer

Storage and transmission of genetic information

Answer

Providing structural support to cells

Answer

Catalyzing biochemical reactions

Question 23

Within the DNA double helix, what type of bond connects the nitrogenous bases?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds

Answer

Van der Waals forces

Answer

Ionic bonds

Answer

Covalent bonds

Question 24

Identify the statement that does NOT highlight a difference between DNA and RNA.

Accepted Answer

Both molecules contain a phosphate backbone.

Answer

DNA possesses a double-stranded structure, whereas RNA is single-stranded.

Answer

DNA is primarily located within the nucleus, while RNA is found in the cytoplasm.

Answer

DNA incorporates thymine, while RNA utilizes uracil.

Question 25

Define a gene concisely.

Accepted Answer

A segment of DNA that encodes instructions for a specific protein or functional RNA molecule.

Answer

An entire chromosome

Answer

An individual nucleotide base

Question 26

During DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the double helix structure?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Answer

Topoisomerase

Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

Ligase

Question 27

Identify the type of RNA that transports the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosomes.

Accepted Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Answer

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer

Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

Question 28

What is the process of converting DNA into RNA referred to as?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Answer

Replication

Answer

Mutation

Answer

Translation

Question 29

During translation, which molecule delivers the appropriate amino acid to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer

Small nuclear RNA (snRNA)

Answer

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 30

A mutation involving a single nucleotide change within a gene is commonly known as a:

Accepted Answer

Point mutation

Answer

Frameshift mutation

Answer

Insertion mutation

Answer

Deletion mutation

Question 31

Which technique is commonly utilized to separate DNA fragments based on size?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

PCR

Answer

Restriction enzyme digestion

Answer

Sanger sequencing