Medical Biotechnology: Diagnostics, Therapeutics, and Personalized Medicine

Question 1

Which technique is not directly involved in the development and production of medical biotechnology products?

Accepted Answer

Spectroscopy

Answer

Recombinant DNA technology

Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer

Tissue engineering

Question 2

In medical biotechnology, which cutting-edge trend empowers the creation of personalized treatments and therapies?

Accepted Answer

Advanced genetic and genomic sequencing

Answer

Bioengineered nanomaterials

Answer

Bioremediation techniques

Answer

Bio-inspired synthetic biology

Question 3

Recombinant DNA technology primarily involves:

Accepted Answer

Inserting foreign genetic material into an organism's DNA

Answer

Using enzymes to manipulate DNA molecules

Answer

Amplifying DNA sequences using PCR

Answer

Determining the sequence of DNA nucleotides

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT considered a form of personalized medicine?

Accepted Answer

Public health initiatives

Answer

Pharmacogenomics

Answer

Predictive diagnostics

Answer

Stem cell therapy

Question 5

The process of applying biomedical research discoveries to practical clinical settings is known as:

Accepted Answer

Translational research

Answer

Basic research

Answer

Clinical trials

Answer

Pharmaceutical development

Question 6

Which technology enables the rapid identification of microorganisms by amplifying specific DNA sequences?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Microarrays

Answer

Next-generation sequencing (NGS)

Question 7

The Human Genome Project primarily achieved:

Accepted Answer

Mapping the complete human genome sequence

Answer

Identifying all human genes

Answer

Developing gene editing techniques

Answer

Advancing personalized medicine

Question 8

In the United States, the regulatory agency responsible for ensuring the safety and efficacy of medical devices and pharmaceuticals is:

Accepted Answer

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Answer

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Answer

National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Answer

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Question 9

Which ethical concern arises from using genetic information in medical biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

Privacy

Accepted Answer

Discrimination

Answer

Cost

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic application of biotechnology in medicine?

Accepted Answer

Drug efficacy testing

Answer

Nucleic acid hybridization assays

Question 11

The use of monoclonal antibodies has revolutionized which aspect of therapeutics?

Accepted Answer

Targeted drug delivery

Answer

Broader spectrum antibiotics

Question 12

Which of the following sequencing technologies is most commonly used in clinical genetics today?

Accepted Answer

Next-generation sequencing

Answer

Capillary electrophoresis

Question 13

What is a primary advantage of using genetically engineered microorganisms in biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

Production of complex molecules

Answer

Increased sensitivity in diagnostic tests

Question 14

Which of the following ethical concerns is associated with the use of genetic information in medicine?

Accepted Answer

Discrimination based on genetic makeup

Answer

Unfair advantages in sports

Question 15

What is a primary role of stem cells in regenerative medicine?

Accepted Answer

Providing building blocks for tissue repair

Answer

Preventing immune rejection

Question 16

What is the main purpose of bioinformatics in medical biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

Analysis of large biological datasets

Answer

Design of new drugs

Question 17

Which of the following regulatory bodies is responsible for approving new biotechnology-based drugs and devices in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Answer

National Institutes of Health (NIH)

Question 18

How does pharmacogenomics contribute to personalized medicine? Explain its role in selecting effective drug therapies and improving treatment outcomes based on genetic information.

Accepted Answer

Predicting drug efficacy and toxicity based on an individual's genetic profile

Answer

Developing new drugs that target specific genetic mutations

Answer

Eliminating the need for clinical trials for new drugs

Answer

Providing a definitive cure for all genetic diseases

Question 19

Which technique utilizes fluorescently labeled probes to identify specific DNA sequences within a sample?

Accepted Answer

Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

Southern blotting

Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Question 20

Which type of gene therapy targets the introduction of functional genes into non-reproductive cells?

Accepted Answer

Somatic gene therapy

Answer

Germline gene therapy

Answer

Immunotherapy

Answer

Stem cell therapy

Question 21

What process involves using recombinant DNA technology to create antibodies in a laboratory setting?

Accepted Answer

Monoclonal antibody production

Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer

Genetic engineering

Answer

Gene cloning

Question 22

Which ethical concern arises from the use of CRISPR-Cas9 technology in gene editing?

Accepted Answer

Potential for unintended genetic alterations

Answer

Cost of treatment

Answer

Allergic reactions

Answer

Limited availability

Question 23

What biotechnology technique is employed to create organisms with modified genetic material?

Accepted Answer

Transgenic technology

Answer

Centrifugation

Answer

Electroporation

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Question 24

What term refers to the non-coding DNA sequence that controls gene expression?

Accepted Answer

Promoter

Answer

Intron

Answer

Telomere

Answer

Exon

Question 25

What is the primary function of bioinformatics in medical biotechnology?

Accepted Answer

Analyzing and interpreting biological data

Answer

Developing vaccines

Answer

Producing proteins

Answer

Sequencing DNA

Question 26

Which medical application holds the potential for 3D bioprinting?

Accepted Answer

Creating artificial organs

Answer

Manufacturing cars

Answer

Printing books

Answer

Producing clothing