Genetics Quizzes: Test Your Knowledge of Heredity and Traits

Question 1

Which nitrogenous base is NOT found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Answer

Adenine

Answer

Thymine

Answer

Cytosine

Question 2

In Mendelian inheritance, which allele takes precedence and is always expressed in the phenotype, even if paired with a recessive allele?

Accepted Answer

Dominant allele

Answer

Recessive allele

Answer

Heterozygous allele

Answer

Co-dominant allele

Question 3

According to Mendelian principles, what is the probability of obtaining a homozygous recessive offspring from two heterozygous parents?

Accepted Answer

25%

Answer

0%

Answer

50%

Answer

75%

Question 4

Which type of genetic mutation involves the replacement of one or more nucleotides with different nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

Substitution

Answer

Deletion

Answer

Insertion

Answer

Duplication

Question 5

In DNA replication, which enzyme is responsible for catalyzing the addition of nucleotides to the newly synthesized strand?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Answer

RNA polymerase

Answer

Helicase

Answer

Primase

Question 6

A diagram that represents the relationships between family members and illustrates patterns of inheritance is known as a:

Accepted Answer

Pedigree

Answer

Karyotype

Answer

Cladogram

Answer

Punnett square

Question 7

Which term refers to the observable characteristics of an individual that result from the expression of their genotype?

Accepted Answer

Phenotype

Answer

Genotype

Answer

Homozygous

Answer

Heterozygous

Question 8

Which technology allows scientists to simultaneously analyze the expression levels of thousands of genes?

Accepted Answer

Microarray

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Polymerase chain reaction

Question 9

Which of the following is the fundamental unit of heredity, carrying genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Gene

Answer

Chromosome

Answer

Nucleotide

Answer

Protein

Question 10

According to the complementary base pairing rule for DNA, Adenine pairs with which nitrogenous base?

Accepted Answer

Thymine

Answer

Cytosine

Answer

Guanine

Answer

Uracil

Question 11

Which enzyme is responsible for separating the DNA strands during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Answer

Polymerase

Answer

Ligase

Answer

Topoisomerase

Question 12

Define the genetic code.

Accepted Answer

A set of three-nucleotide sequences (codons) that specify specific amino acids in protein synthesis

Answer

A single nucleotide sequence that determines the entire sequence of a protein

Answer

A series of genetic mutations that can alter the expression of a gene

Answer

A group of genes that are located on the same chromosome

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a step involved in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Replication

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Folding

Question 14

What is the function of the anticodon on a tRNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

It carries a three-nucleotide sequence complementary to the codon on mRNA

Answer

It matches the amino acid sequence of the protein being synthesized

Answer

It recognizes the start codon on mRNA

Answer

It forms the active site of the ribosome

Question 15

Which type of mutation can introduce a premature stop codon?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Answer

Missense mutation

Answer

Frameshift mutation

Answer

Silent mutation

Question 16

What is the primary purpose of genetic engineering?

Accepted Answer

To alter the genetic makeup of organisms for various purposes

Answer

To create entirely new organisms from scratch

Answer

To repair damaged DNA and prevent genetic diseases

Answer

To enhance the natural evolution of species

Question 17

What is the fundamental unit of heredity?

Accepted Answer

Gene

Answer

Chromosome

Answer

Trait

Answer

Allele

Question 18

Who established the principles of heredity?

Accepted Answer

Gregor Mendel

Answer

Charles Darwin

Answer

James Watson

Answer

Francis Crick

Question 19

Which term describes the observable expression of a trait?

Accepted Answer

Phenotype

Answer

Genotype

Answer

Allele

Answer

Locus

Question 20

What molecule stores genetic information?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

Protein

Answer

RNA

Answer

Carbohydrate

Question 21

Which of the following is the fundamental unit of heredity?

Accepted Answer

Gene

Answer

Chromosome

Answer

Nucleotide

Answer

Amino acid

Question 22

Who is widely recognized as the 'Father of Genetics'?

Accepted Answer

Gregor Mendel

Answer

Charles Darwin

Answer

James Watson

Answer

Francis Crick

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a Mendelian inheritance pattern?

Accepted Answer

Pleiotropy

Answer

Dominant-recessive

Answer

Codominance

Answer

Incomplete dominance

Question 24

What is the term for the specific sequence of nitrogenous bases in DNA that codes for a particular amino acid?

Accepted Answer

Codon

Answer

Anticodon

Answer

Gene

Answer

Exon

Question 25

Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA fragments based on what property?

Accepted Answer

Size

Answer

Charge

Answer

Sequence

Answer

Shape

Question 26

Which of the following is the process by which the DNA molecule makes an identical copy of itself?

Accepted Answer

Replication

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Mutation

Question 27

Sickle cell anemia is an example of what type of condition?

Accepted Answer

Genetic disorder

Answer

Acquired disorder

Answer

Lifestyle disorder

Answer

Environmental disorder

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of genetic research?

Accepted Answer

Enhancement of desirable human traits

Answer

Development of personalized treatments for diseases

Answer

Improved understanding of human evolution

Answer

Advancements in forensic science

Question 29

Epigenetics refers to changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations to the underlying DNA sequence. What is the role of epigenetics?

Accepted Answer

Regulating gene expression

Answer

Altering chromosome structure

Answer

Inheriting variations from both parents

Answer

Causing permanent, irreversible changes

Question 30

What is the term for the observable characteristics of an organism?

Accepted Answer

Phenotype

Answer

Genotype

Answer

Allele

Answer

Genome

Question 31

Which scientist is known as the 'Father of Genetics'?

Accepted Answer

Gregor Mendel

Answer

Charles Darwin

Answer

James Watson

Answer

Francis Crick

Question 32

What is the genotypic ratio of a monohybrid cross?

Accepted Answer

1:2:1

Answer

3:1

Answer

1:1:1

Answer

9:3:3:1

Question 33

Which of the following is an example of a quantitative trait?

Accepted Answer

Height

Answer

Eye color

Answer

Blood type

Answer

Hair texture

Question 34

What is the process by which genetic information is transmitted from parents to offspring?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Replication

Answer

Transcription

Question 35

What is the term for a permanent change in the DNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

Mutation

Answer

Polymorphism

Answer

Allele

Question 36

Which technique is used to amplify specific DNA sequences?

Accepted Answer

PCR

Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

Microarray

Question 37

The molecule that carries genetic information is:

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

RNA

Question 38

A homozygous individual has:

Accepted Answer

Two identical alleles for a gene

Answer

Two different alleles for a gene

Question 39

Which of the following is an example of a sex-linked trait?

Accepted Answer

Hemophilia

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Question 40

The process by which DNA is copied is called:

Accepted Answer

Replication

Answer

Transcription

Question 41

A mutation is:

Accepted Answer

A change in the DNA sequence

Answer

A change in the phenotype

Question 42

Gregor Mendel's pea plant experiments led to the discovery of the principle of:

Accepted Answer

Segregation of alleles

Answer

Independent assortment

Answer

Linked inheritance

Answer

Mutation

Question 43

The basic unit of heredity is the:

Accepted Answer

Gene

Answer

Chromosome

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Cell

Question 44

Which of the following is a nitrogenous base found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Cytosine

Answer

Ribose

Answer

Uracil

Answer

Alanine

Question 45

The process by which DNA creates an identical copy of itself is called:

Accepted Answer

Replication

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Mutation

Question 46

A mutation that involves a change in a single nucleotide is known as a:

Accepted Answer

Point mutation

Answer

Deletion

Answer

Insertion

Answer

Transversion

Question 47

The genetic makeup of an individual is referred to as its:

Accepted Answer

Genotype

Answer

Physical appearance

Answer

Behavioral traits

Answer

Environmental influences

Question 48

In a dihybrid cross, the probability of obtaining an offspring with recessive phenotypes for both traits is:

Accepted Answer

1/8

Answer

1/4

Answer

1/2

Answer

3/4

Question 49

Who is widely regarded as the 'Father of Genetics'?

Accepted Answer

Gregor Mendel

Answer

Charles Darwin

Answer

James Watson

Answer

Louis Pasteur

Question 50

What is the fundamental unit of heredity that is passed down from parents to offspring?

Accepted Answer

Gene

Answer

Chromosome

Answer

DNA

Answer

Cell

Question 51

Which of Mendel's laws of inheritance describes the independent inheritance of traits?

Accepted Answer

Law of Independent Assortment

Answer

Law of Dominance

Answer

Law of Segregation

Answer

Law of Genetic Equilibrium

Question 52

What is the term for the different versions of a gene?

Accepted Answer

Alleles

Answer

Genotypes

Answer

Phenotypes

Answer

Traits

Question 53

What is the process by which genetic information in DNA is duplicated during cell division called?

Accepted Answer

Replication

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 54

What is the term for an individual who carries two different alleles for the same gene?

Accepted Answer

Heterozygous

Answer

Homozygous

Answer

Hybrid

Answer

Purebred

Question 55

What is the primary role of genetic counselors in healthcare?

Accepted Answer

Providing information about genetic conditions

Answer

Conducting genetic tests

Answer

Treating genetic diseases

Answer

Developing new gene therapies

Question 56

Which concept is NOT explicitly addressed by Mendelian genetics?

Accepted Answer

Gene regulation

Answer

Inheritance patterns

Answer

Dominant and recessive alleles

Answer

Segregation of alleles

Question 57

What is directly determined by the sequence of nitrogenous bases in a DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

The specific protein that will be produced

Answer

The observable characteristics of an organism

Answer

The genetic makeup of an organism

Answer

The function of a particular cell

Question 58

Which technique is used to separate DNA fragments based on their length?

Accepted Answer

Gel electrophoresis

Answer

PCR amplification

Answer

DNA sequencing

Answer

DNA hybridization

Question 59

An individual who carries different alleles for a trait is described as:

Accepted Answer

Heterozygous

Answer

Homozygous dominant

Answer

Homozygous recessive

Answer

Hybrid

Question 60

Which of the following is NOT a recognized genetic disorder?

Accepted Answer

High blood pressure

Answer

Sickle cell anemia

Answer

Type 1 diabetes

Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Question 61

The process by which DNA makes an identical copy of itself is known as:

Accepted Answer

Replication

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Translation

Answer

Mitosis

Question 62

Which of the following is NOT a principle of Mendelian inheritance, as discovered by Gregor Mendel?

Accepted Answer

The principle of codominance

Answer

The law of segregation

Answer

The law of independent assortment

Answer

The law of dominance

Question 63

The basic structural unit of DNA, the molecule of heredity, consists of which components?

Accepted Answer

Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine

Answer

Adenine, Uracil, Guanine, and Cytosine

Answer

Ribose, Deoxyribose, Phosphate, and Nitrogenous bases

Answer

Amino acids, Nucleotides, Sugars, and Phosphates

Question 64

Which of the following molecules is primarily responsible for carrying genetic information within cells?

Accepted Answer

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Answer

Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

Answer

Protein

Answer

Carbohydrate