Cell Biology: Master the Fundamentals of Life's Building Blocks

Question 1

Stem cell research raises ethical concerns. Which of these is a primary ethical concern?

Accepted Answer

Potential harm to embryos

Answer

Increased risk of creating new diseases

Answer

High costs of stem cell therapies

Answer

Potential for genetic discrimination

Question 2

Which of the following is the primary function of ribosomes in cells?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Energy production

Answer

Material transport

Answer

Waste removal

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Chloroplast

Question 4

What is the name of the structure that separates the cytoplasm from the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear envelope

Answer

Cell membrane

Answer

Plasma membrane

Answer

Cytosol

Question 5

What is the name of the sugary coating found on the outer surface of many animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Glycocalyx

Answer

Peptidoglycan

Answer

Cell wall

Answer

Cytoplasm

Question 6

Which of the following is the primary genetic material in cells?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

RNA

Answer

Proteins

Answer

Lipids

Question 7

In cellular respiration, glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm as the initial step. Which of the following accurately describes glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

Produces 2 ATP, partially breaks down glucose into pyruvate, and does not require oxygen.

Answer

Produces 32 ATP, fully oxidizes glucose, and takes place in the mitochondria.

Answer

Does not produce ATP, occurs in the nucleus, and involves the electron transport chain.

Question 8

What is the primary function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis and modification

Answer

Lipid synthesis

Answer

Carbohydrate synthesis

Answer

Hormone production

Question 9

Which of the following is the largest organelle in a typical plant cell?

Accepted Answer

Vacuole

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Mitochondria

Question 10

The exchange of gases between cells and their environment primarily occurs through:

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Bulk transport

Question 11

Which cell type is primarily responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells

Answer

White blood cells

Answer

Platelets

Answer

Neurons

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Answer

Membrane-bound nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Cytoplasm

Question 13

The primary site for protein synthesis in a cell is the:

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 14

Which process results in the formation of two genetically identical daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Cell differentiation

Question 15

The selectively permeable barrier that surrounds the cell and regulates the passage of substances is the:

Accepted Answer

Cell membrane

Answer

Lysosome

Answer

Centrosome

Answer

Cytosol

Question 16

Which of the following is responsible for cellular respiration, the process of energy production in cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Chloroplasts

Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 17

The genetic material responsible for determining an organism's traits is primarily stored in the:

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a type of passive transport, where molecules move across a membrane without the cell expending energy?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 19

Which of the following is a unique organelle found in plant cells that is involved in photosynthesis, the process of converting light energy into chemical energy?

Accepted Answer

Chloroplast

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 20

The theory that states that all cells arise from pre-existing cells, and that living organisms are composed of cells, is known as the:

Accepted Answer

Cell theory

Answer

Theory of evolution

Answer

Germ theory

Answer

Abiogenesis

Question 21

Which organelle is responsible for assembling and modifying proteins for secretion?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Nucleus

Question 22

What is the selectively permeable barrier that regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell called?

Accepted Answer

Cell membrane

Answer

Cell wall

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Nucleus

Question 23

Which process is responsible for the division of a cell into two genetically identical daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Cytokinesis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Karyokinesis

Question 24

What is the process by which cells break down glucose to release energy in the form of ATP called?

Accepted Answer

Cellular respiration

Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Fermentation

Question 25

Which component of the cell contains the instructions for directing cellular activities, including protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 26

Which of the following is the process by which molecules move across a cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration without the use of energy?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Active transport

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 27

Which characteristic distinguishes prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a nucleus

Answer

Presence of ribosomes

Answer

Presence of a cell wall

Answer

Presence of organelles

Question 28

What is the main function of the endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis and lipid metabolism

Answer

Carbohydrate storage

Answer

Energy production

Answer

Waste removal

Question 29

What is the role of enzymes in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

To act as catalysts, speeding up reactions

Answer

To slow down reactions

Answer

To consume reactants

Answer

To provide energy for reactions

Question 30

Which function is NOT performed by the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Manufacturing proteins

Answer

Controlling the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Answer

Protecting the cell from its environment

Answer

Exchanging signals with other cells

Question 31

Which structure is responsible for assembling proteins?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Vacuole

Question 32

What process leads to the growth and division of cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Question 33

What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Packaging and modifying proteins

Answer

Transporting materials within the cell

Answer

Generating energy

Answer

Digesting nutrients

Question 34

What is the primary role of enzymes within cells?

Accepted Answer

Speeding up chemical reactions

Answer

Transporting substances across cell membranes

Answer

Storing genetic information

Answer

Providing energy

Question 35

Which of the following is NOT a function of cell division in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Digestion and nutrient absorption

Answer

Growth and development

Answer

Repair and maintenance

Question 36

Which of the following is NOT an organelle found in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Answer

Chloroplasts

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Ribosomes

Question 37

The primary function of the cell membrane is to:

Accepted Answer

Regulate the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Answer

Control cell division

Answer

Synthesize proteins

Answer

Release waste products

Question 38

The process by which cells divide to create two identical daughter cells is called:

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Cytokinesis

Answer

Cell growth

Question 39

Which of the following is responsible for protein synthesis in cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosomes

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 40

The production of energy in cells occurs in which organelle?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Lysosomes

Answer

Chloroplasts

Answer

Vacuoles

Question 41

The process by which cells communicate with each other and respond to stimuli is known as:

Accepted Answer

Cell signaling

Answer

Cell division

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Energy production

Question 42

The theory that states that all cells arise from pre-existing cells is known as:

Accepted Answer

Cell theory

Answer

Theory of evolution

Answer

Germ theory

Answer

Theory of relativity

Question 43

Which aspect is NOT included in the cell theory?

Accepted Answer

Cells can arise spontaneously from non-living materials.

Answer

Cells are the fundamental units of all living organisms.

Answer

All life forms are composed of cells.

Answer

Cells originate from pre-existing cells.

Question 44

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis within cells?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Vacuole

Answer

Nucleus

Question 45

Cell division, where cells create new cells, is known as:

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 46

Which cell type lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Answer

Eukaryotic cell

Answer

Animal cell

Answer

Plant cell

Question 47

The selectively permeable barrier regulating substance movement in and out of cells is:

Accepted Answer

Cell membrane

Answer

Cell wall

Answer

Cytoplasm

Answer

Nucleolus

Question 48

Which of the following is NOT a passive transport mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 49

The process by which cells absorb large particles is called:

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Answer

Pinocytosis

Answer

Exocytosis

Answer

Endocytosis

Question 50

Within the nucleus, the region where ribosomes are assembled is called the:

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Answer

Chromatin

Answer

Nuclear envelope

Answer

Nuclear pore

Question 51

What is a primary function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Protein modification and packaging

Answer

Lipid synthesis

Answer

Carbohydrate breakdown

Answer

Ribosome production

Question 52

Which characteristic is NOT exclusive to all living cells?

Accepted Answer

Encapsulation of genetic material within a nucleus

Answer

Possession of a cell membrane

Answer

Presence of DNA

Answer

Capacity for cell reproduction

Question 53

What process enables cells to divide and create new ones?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Cytokinesis

Answer

Cell differentiation

Question 54

What primary function is associated with the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Molecular packaging and secretion

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Energy production

Answer

DNA replication

Question 55

What fundamental difference distinguishes a prokaryotic cell from a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, unlike prokaryotic cells.

Answer

Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus, while eukaryotic cells lack one.

Answer

Eukaryotic cells possess a cell wall, unlike prokaryotic cells.

Answer

Prokaryotic cells surpass eukaryotic cells in size.

Question 56

Which of the following processes does NOT constitute passive transport?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 57

What is the primary role of enzymes in cellular reactions?

Accepted Answer

Acceleration of reactions

Answer

Deceleration of reactions

Answer

Initiation of reactions

Answer

Termination of reactions

Question 58

What is the significance of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Energy provision for the cell

Answer

Glucose breakdown

Answer

Oxygen production

Answer

Protein synthesis

Question 59

Which of the following is NOT a primary function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizes proteins

Answer

Regulates the movement of molecules across the membrane

Answer

Protects the cell and controls what enters and exits

Answer

Communicates with other cells

Question 60

Which organelle is primarily responsible for energy production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Answer

Ribosome

Answer

Lysosome

Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 61

Which type of cell division results in genetically identical daughter cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Meiosis

Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Budding

Question 62

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of eukaryotic cells, but NOT prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Presence of a membrane-bound nucleus

Answer

Presence of ribosomes

Answer

Presence of a cell wall

Answer

Presence of membrane-bound organelles

Question 63

Which type of transport requires energy to move molecules across a concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Answer

Diffusion

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Facilitated diffusion

Question 64

Which of the following functions is NOT performed by the cytoskeleton?

Accepted Answer

Regulates gene expression

Answer

Provides structural support

Answer

Facilitates cell movement

Answer

Participates in cell division