Sleep Apnea: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Question 1

For the most accurate assessment of sleep apnea, which diagnostic method requires monitoring in a sleep laboratory?

Accepted Answer

Polysomnography

Answer

Epworth Sleepiness Scale

Answer

Actigraphy

Answer

Home sleep apnea test

Question 2

Which of the following is a hallmark symptom of sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

Persistent, loud snoring

Answer

Excessive sweating

Answer

Tingling in the hands or feet

Answer

Excessive urination

Question 3

What is the main cause of obstructive sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

A blocked or narrowed airway

Answer

Weak respiratory muscles

Answer

Hormonal imbalances

Answer

Congestive heart failure

Question 4

Which characteristic is unique to obstructive sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

Blockage of the airway during sleep, causing pauses in breathing

Answer

Extreme daytime fatigue

Answer

Loud snoring

Answer

Morning headaches

Question 5

What is the most prevalent type of sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

Obstructive sleep apnea

Answer

Central sleep apnea

Answer

Mixed sleep apnea

Answer

Narcolepsy

Question 6

What is the primary method used to diagnose sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

Sleep study (polysomnography)

Answer

Physical examination

Answer

Blood test

Answer

X-ray

Question 7

What is the name of the condition in which the brain fails to send signals to the muscles that control breathing during sleep?

Accepted Answer

Central sleep apnea

Answer

Obstructive sleep apnea

Answer

Narcolepsy

Answer

Restless legs syndrome

Question 8

What is the primary role of the tongue in obstructive sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

It relaxes and falls back into the airway

Answer

It becomes enlarged and blocks the airway

Answer

It spasms during sleep

Answer

It does not play a role in obstructive sleep apnea

Question 9

What is the primary cause of obstructive sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

Blockage of the airway by the tongue and soft palate

Answer

Weakness in the muscles that control breathing

Answer

Narrowing of the nasal passages

Answer

Overproduction of mucus

Question 10

Which of the following hormones plays a crucial role in regulating sleep-wake cycles?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Answer

Cortisol

Answer

Serotonin

Answer

Dopamine

Question 11

What are two potential health risks associated with untreated sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

Heart disease

Accepted Answer

Stroke

Answer

Weight loss

Answer

Improved sleep quality

Question 12

What is the main risk factor for sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

Obesity

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Diabetes

Answer

Alcohol consumption

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a treatment option for sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

Regular exercise

Answer

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Answer

Oral appliance therapy

Answer

Surgery

Question 14

How is sleep apnea diagnosed?

Accepted Answer

Sleep study

Answer

Physical exam

Answer

Blood test

Answer

X-ray

Question 15

What is the key difference between obstructive and central sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

Obstructive sleep apnea is caused by a physical blockage in the airway, while central sleep apnea is caused by disrupted brain signals controlling breathing.

Answer

Central sleep apnea is caused by a physical blockage in the airway, while obstructive sleep apnea is caused by disrupted brain signals controlling breathing.

Answer

There is no significant difference between obstructive and central sleep apnea.

Answer

Obstructive sleep apnea is less common than central sleep apnea.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a potential complication associated with untreated central sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

Development of type 2 diabetes

Answer

Increased risk of heart disease

Answer

Stroke

Answer

Death

Question 17

What is a consequence of untreated sleep apnea that increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases?

Accepted Answer

Increased inflammation in the body

Answer

Lowered blood pressure during sleep

Answer

Enhanced sleep quality over time

Question 18

Which symptom is NOT commonly associated with sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

Unexplained weight loss

Answer

Loud snoring

Answer

Excessive daytime sleepiness

Answer

Morning headaches

Question 19

What is the primary underlying cause of obstructive sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

A combination of all the above

Answer

Enlarged tonsils

Answer

Weak muscles in the throat

Answer

Narrowed airways

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a primary cause of central sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

Narrowed airway due to enlarged tonsils or adenoids

Answer

Brainstem lesions or damage

Answer

Medications that suppress breathing

Question 21

How does hypoglossal nerve stimulation (HNS) improve upper airway patency in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)?

Accepted Answer

HNS stimulates the genioglossus muscle, which pulls the tongue forward and widens the airway.

Answer

HNS inhibits the activity of the geniohyoid muscle, which relaxes the airway and allows for easier breathing.

Answer

HNS increases the production of saliva, which lubricates the airway and reduces the risk of airway collapse.

Answer

HNS has no effect on upper airway patency and is not used to treat OSA.

Question 22

Which of the following is a key symptom of sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

Daytime sleepiness

Answer

Frequent urination at night

Answer

Increased appetite

Answer

Dry mouth

Question 23

What term describes pauses in breathing that last for at least 10 seconds during sleep?

Accepted Answer

Sleep apnea

Answer

Hypopnea

Answer

Apnea

Answer

Hypopnea-apnea syndrome

Question 24

Can untreated sleep apnea increase the risk of cardiovascular problems?

Accepted Answer

Yes

Answer

No

Answer

Only in severe cases

Answer

Only if the person is obese

Question 25

What type of sleep apnea is characterized by intermittent cessation of breathing due to obstruction?

Accepted Answer

Obstructive sleep apnea

Answer

Central sleep apnea

Answer

Complex sleep apnea disorder

Answer

Mixed sleep apnea

Question 26

What is the definitive diagnostic tool for sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

Polysomnography (sleep study)

Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Answer

Spirometry

Answer

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Question 27

What is the underlying cause of obstructive sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

Blockage of the airway by tissues or structures

Answer

Impaired muscle function in the respiratory system

Answer

Allergies or inflammation leading to airway narrowing

Answer

Excessive mucus production

Question 28

What is the most prevalent type of sleep apnea globally?

Accepted Answer

Obstructive sleep apnea

Answer

Central sleep apnea

Answer

Mixed sleep apnea

Question 29

What is a cutting-edge technological advancement in sleep apnea treatment?

Accepted Answer

Hypoglossal nerve stimulation

Answer

Positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy

Answer

Tongue stabilizing devices

Answer

Surgical intervention

Question 30

Which treatment option is NOT typically used for obstructive sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

Antidepressants

Answer

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

Answer

Oral appliances

Answer

Weight loss surgery

Question 31

What is the most common type of sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

Obstructive sleep apnea

Answer

Central sleep apnea

Answer

Mixed sleep apnea

Answer

Complex sleep apnea

Question 32

What is the name of the diagnostic test used to record and analyze sleep patterns?

Accepted Answer

Polysomnography (PSG)

Answer

Oximeter

Answer

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Answer

Echocardiogram

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

Low alcohol consumption

Answer

Male gender

Answer

Advanced age

Answer

Obesity

Question 34

What is the definitive test used to diagnose sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

Polysomnography

Answer

Electroencephalography

Answer

Echocardiography

Answer

X-ray

Question 35

What is the primary goal of CPAP therapy for sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

To maintain an open airway during sleep

Answer

To eliminate snoring

Answer

To improve alertness during the day

Answer

To prevent cardiovascular complications

Question 36

What is the function of dental appliances in treating sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

To hold the jaw forward and widen the airway

Answer

To reduce snoring

Answer

To improve the quality of sleep

Answer

To decrease daytime sleepiness

Question 37

If you suspect you have sleep apnea, what is the most appropriate first step to take?

Accepted Answer

Consult a medical professional

Answer

Use over-the-counter sleep aids

Answer

Ignore the symptoms

Answer

Increase caffeine intake

Question 38

Which of the following is a telltale symptom of sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

Excessive and persistent snoring

Answer

Restless leg syndrome

Answer

Cataplexy

Answer

Narcolepsy

Question 39

Which type of sleep apnea is prevalent and characterized by a physical obstruction in the airway?

Accepted Answer

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)

Answer

Complex sleep apnea

Answer

Central sleep apnea (CSA)

Answer

Mixed sleep apnea

Question 40

Which of the following is a known risk factor that increases the likelihood of developing sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

Obesity or being overweight

Answer

Young age

Answer

Thinness and being underweight

Answer

Normal neck circumference

Question 41

What is the primary treatment option for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)?

Accepted Answer

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy

Answer

Lifestyle changes alone

Answer

Medications alone

Answer

Surgery

Question 42

Which of the following health consequences is linked to untreated and unmanaged sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of heart disease

Answer

Tooth decay

Answer

Hair loss

Answer

Seasonal allergies

Question 43

How does the uvula contribute to sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

It can obstruct the airway, especially when enlarged, during sleep

Answer

It has no role in sleep apnea

Answer

It helps regulate breathing rate

Answer

It produces saliva to lubricate the throat

Question 44

Which of these diagnostic procedures is commonly used to identify sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

Polysomnography, or sleep study

Answer

Blood test

Answer

X-ray

Answer

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Question 45

What is the fundamental distinction between obstructive and central sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

OSA involves a physical blockage in the airway, while CSA involves a disruption in the brain's signals to breathe

Answer

OSA occurs during REM sleep, while CSA occurs during non-REM sleep

Question 46

Which lifestyle change can potentially reduce the risk of developing sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

Losing weight if overweight or obese

Answer

Consuming alcohol before bed

Answer

Smoking

Answer

Sleeping exclusively on your back

Question 47

What is a common sign that someone might have sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

Loud snoring

Answer

Night sweats

Answer

Nausea

Answer

Restless leg syndrome

Question 48

What mainly causes sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

The upper airway becomes blocked during sleep.

Answer

Neurological damage

Answer

Heart failure

Answer

Thyroid issues

Question 49

What is the most reliable way to diagnose sleep apnea?

Accepted Answer

Polysomnography (sleep study)

Answer

X-ray

Answer

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Question 50

What is a possible side effect of using CPAP therapy?

Accepted Answer

Stuffy nose

Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Heart failure

Answer

Cancer