Polio Vaccine: Eradicating a Devastating Disease

Question 1

How do live polio vaccines differ from inactivated polio vaccines?

Accepted Answer

Live polio vaccines contain weakened poliovirus that can still multiply in the body, while inactivated polio vaccines contain killed poliovirus that cannot multiply.

Answer

Inactivated polio vaccines are more effective in preventing polio than live polio vaccines.

Answer

Live polio vaccines are more likely to cause side effects than inactivated polio vaccines.

Answer

Both live and inactivated polio vaccines provide lifelong immunity to polio.

Question 2

Who developed the first polio vaccine?

Accepted Answer

Jonas Salk

Answer

Albert Sabin

Answer

Edward Jenner

Answer

Louis Pasteur

Question 3

Which of the following is the causative agent of polio?

Accepted Answer

Virus

Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Fungus

Answer

Protozoa

Question 4

What part of the body does poliovirus primarily affect?

Accepted Answer

Nervous system

Answer

Respiratory system

Answer

Muscles

Answer

Skin

Question 5

Name the two main types of polio vaccines.

Accepted Answer

Live attenuated vaccine and inactivated vaccine

Answer

mRNA vaccine and adenovirus vector vaccine

Answer

DNA vaccine and subunit vaccine

Answer

Recombinant vaccine and conjugate vaccine

Question 6

When did the first polio vaccine receive licensure for use in the United States?

Accepted Answer

1955

Answer

1945

Answer

1965

Answer

1975

Question 7

How has the polio vaccine significantly impacted global health and the fight against polio?

Accepted Answer

It has drastically reduced polio cases globally.

Answer

It has eliminated polio in every region of the world.

Answer

It has only been effective in wealthy nations.

Answer

It has caused severe side effects in many people.

Question 8

Who is credited with developing the first polio vaccine?

Accepted Answer

Jonas Salk

Answer

Albert Sabin

Answer

Louis Pasteur

Answer

Edward Jenner

Question 9

What is the primary mechanism of action of the polio vaccine?

Accepted Answer

Stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies

Answer

Killing the poliovirus

Answer

Weakening the poliovirus

Answer

Blocking viral replication

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the type of vaccine used to prevent polio?

Accepted Answer

Inactivated vaccine

Answer

Live attenuated vaccine

Answer

Recombinant vaccine

Answer

Subunit vaccine

Question 11

When was the polio vaccine first introduced for public use?

Accepted Answer

1950s

Answer

1940s

Answer

1960s

Answer

1970s

Question 12

Which international organization is leading the effort to eradicate polio worldwide?

Accepted Answer

World Health Organization

Answer

UNICEF

Answer

CDC

Answer

Red Cross

Question 13

Which of the following is a common symptom of paralytic polio?

Accepted Answer

Muscle weakness

Answer

High fever

Answer

Headaches

Answer

Nausea

Question 14

When prioritizing groups for polio vaccination during an outbreak, which ethical principle should be considered?

Accepted Answer

Fairness and equality

Answer

Ease of access

Answer

Financial cost

Answer

Political pressure

Question 15

How is poliovirus primarily transmitted from one person to another?

Accepted Answer

Fecal-oral route (e.g., through contaminated food, water, or objects)

Answer

Airborne droplets (e.g., when an infected person coughs or sneezes)

Answer

Blood transfusion

Question 16

Who is credited for developing the first effective polio vaccine?

Accepted Answer

Jonas Salk

Answer

Albert Sabin

Answer

Maurice Hilleman

Answer

Louis Pasteur

Question 17

Which symptom is NOT associated with polio?

Accepted Answer

Rash

Answer

Paralysis

Answer

Fever

Answer

Headache

Question 18

What is the name of the global initiative to eradicate polio?

Accepted Answer

Global Polio Eradication Initiative

Answer

PolioPlus

Answer

End Polio Now

Answer

Rotary International

Question 19

Which of the following is an advantage of the polio vaccine?

Accepted Answer

Reduced paralysis and death

Answer

Improved sanitation

Answer

Increased vaccination rates for other diseases

Answer

Eradication of polio

Question 20

Which virus causes polio?

Accepted Answer

Poliovirus

Answer

Adenovirus

Answer

Influenza virus

Answer

Hepatitis A virus

Question 21

Who developed the first effective polio vaccine?

Accepted Answer

Jonas Salk

Answer

Albert Sabin

Answer

Maurice Hilleman

Answer

Louis Pasteur

Question 22

Which type of polio vaccine is most commonly used in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)

Answer

Oral polio vaccine (OPV)

Answer

Recombinant polio vaccine (rOPV)

Answer

Subunit polio vaccine (sIPV)

Question 23

What is the main goal of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative?

Accepted Answer

To eliminate wild poliovirus transmission

Answer

To reduce the incidence of polio by 90%

Answer

To develop a universal polio vaccine

Answer

To provide polio vaccines to every child in developing countries

Question 24

How does the polio vaccine work?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates the body to produce antibodies against the poliovirus.

Answer

It kills the poliovirus directly.

Answer

It prevents the poliovirus from replicating.

Answer

It creates a barrier against the poliovirus entering the body.

Question 25

Who is credited with developing the first effective polio vaccine?

Accepted Answer

Jonas Salk

Answer

Albert Sabin

Answer

Maurice Hilleman

Answer

Louis Pasteur

Question 26

The Cutter Incident in 1955 revealed that:

Accepted Answer

The polio vaccine manufacturing process contained flaws.

Answer

The polio vaccine was ineffective.

Answer

The polio vaccine was safe and effective.

Answer

The public had no faith in the polio vaccine.

Question 27

The primary goal of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative is to:

Accepted Answer

Eliminate poliovirus transmission globally

Answer

Create new and advanced polio vaccines

Answer

Vaccinate all children against polio

Answer

Investigate the long-term impacts of poliovirus infection

Question 28

The polio vaccine operates by:

Accepted Answer

Inducing antibody production against poliovirus

Answer

Directly blocking poliovirus infection

Answer

Preventing poliovirus transmission through contact

Answer

Treating individuals already infected with polio

Question 29

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with polio?

Accepted Answer

Sneezing

Answer

Fever

Answer

Paralysis

Answer

Muscle weakness

Question 30

How did public opinion affect the development of the polio vaccine?

Accepted Answer

Public concern and urgency led to more money for research.

Answer

Public doubt slowed down the vaccine's release.

Answer

Public indifference had no effect on the development process.

Question 31

Who developed the first effective polio vaccine?

Accepted Answer

Jonas Salk

Answer

Albert Sabin

Answer

Louis Pasteur

Answer

Edward Jenner

Question 32

What causes polio?

Accepted Answer

Virus

Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Protozoa

Answer

Fungi

Question 33

What was the impact of the Cutter Incident on polio vaccination?

Accepted Answer

It led to a loss of public trust in polio vaccines.

Answer

It resulted in the development of a safer polio vaccine.

Answer

It halted the polio eradication program.

Answer

It demonstrated the effectiveness of the Salk vaccine.

Question 34

Which organization coordinates global efforts to eradicate polio?

Accepted Answer

World Health Organization (WHO)

Answer

United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)

Answer

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Answer

Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance

Question 35

What is the overarching goal of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative?

Accepted Answer

To eliminate the wild poliovirus from circulation

Answer

To reduce polio cases by 90%

Answer

To develop a more effective polio vaccine

Answer

To improve polio surveillance

Question 36

How does the polio vaccine's development compare to the development of other vaccines?

Accepted Answer

The polio vaccine was one of the first to be developed using an attenuated virus.

Accepted Answer

The polio vaccine was the first to be tested through large-scale clinical trials before being made available to the public.

Answer

The polio vaccine was the first vaccine to be made available to the general public.

Answer

The polio vaccine is the only vaccine-preventable disease that has been completely eradicated.

Question 37

In developing countries, it's important to consider ethical issues when distributing polio vaccines. Which of these actions best addresses these ethical concerns?

Accepted Answer

Vaccinate high-risk groups first, like kids under five and pregnant women.

Answer

Give vaccines only to countries that can afford them.

Answer

Use placebos in clinical trials in developing countries, as long as they're safe.

Question 38

Who is credited with developing the first effective polio vaccine?

Accepted Answer

Jonas Salk

Answer

Maurice Hilleman

Answer

Louis Pasteur

Answer

Albert Sabin

Question 39

Which potential risk is associated with the oral polio vaccine (OPV)?

Accepted Answer

Vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV)

Answer

Anaphylaxis

Answer

Meningitis

Answer

Guillain-Barré syndrome

Question 40

In what year was the first effective inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) introduced?

Accepted Answer

1955

Answer

1971

Answer

1981

Answer

1961

Question 41

How did the introduction of the polio vaccine impact public health?

Accepted Answer

Dramatic decrease in polio cases and deaths

Answer

Polio elimination worldwide

Answer

No significant impact on polio prevalence

Answer

Increased incidence of paralytic polio

Question 42

Which organization spearheads the global effort to eradicate polio?

Accepted Answer

Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI)

Answer

United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)

Answer

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Answer

World Health Organization (WHO)

Question 43

What is the ultimate goal of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI)?

Accepted Answer

Complete eradication of all poliovirus strains

Answer

Development of more effective polio vaccines

Answer

Elimination of paralytic polio

Answer

Control of poliovirus transmission

Question 44

Who is widely recognized for developing the first polio vaccine?

Accepted Answer

Jonas Salk

Answer

Frederick Griffith

Answer

Albert Sabin

Question 45

Which type of virus is responsible for causing polio?

Accepted Answer

Enterovirus

Answer

Influenza virus

Answer

Herpesvirus

Answer

Retrovirus

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT typically a symptom of polio infection?

Accepted Answer

Pneumonia

Answer

Muscle weakness

Answer

Fever

Answer

Headache

Question 47

How is the polio vaccine most commonly administered?

Accepted Answer

Injection or oral drops

Answer

Topical cream

Answer

Nasal spray

Question 48

What is the name of the global initiative dedicated to eradicating polio?

Accepted Answer

Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI)

Answer

UNICEF

Answer

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Answer

World Health Organization (WHO)

Question 49

Why is it crucial to maintain high vaccination rates for polio?

Accepted Answer

To prevent outbreaks and protect vulnerable populations with compromised immune systems or who are too young to be vaccinated.

Answer

To comply with government regulations

Answer

To reduce the cost of healthcare

Question 50

What type of vaccine is the polio vaccine, primarily used in the United States today?

Accepted Answer

Inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV)

Answer

Toxoid poliovirus vaccine

Answer

Live attenuated poliovirus vaccine (OPV)

Answer

Recombinant poliovirus vaccine

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT a benefit of the polio vaccine?

Accepted Answer

Provides lifelong immunity against all poliovirus strains

Answer

Prevents paralysis and other complications caused by polio

Answer

Dramatically reduced the incidence of polio worldwide

Question 52

What was the primary method used in the initial polio vaccine trials conducted by Jonas Salk?

Accepted Answer

Double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Answer

Observational study

Answer

Cohort study

Answer

Case-control study

Question 53

Which organization is primarily responsible for leading the global effort to eradicate polio?

Accepted Answer

World Health Organization (WHO)

Answer

Rotary International

Answer

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Answer

United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)

Question 54

The development of the polio vaccine is considered a significant milestone in medicine.  Which of the following BEST describes its impact?

Accepted Answer

It marked a major breakthrough in preventing infectious diseases and improving public health.

Answer

It revolutionized the treatment of chronic diseases like cancer.

Answer

It established the importance of using antibiotics to treat viral infections.

Question 55

Imagine a community where only a small percentage of children are vaccinated against polio.  What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of polio outbreaks, particularly among unvaccinated individuals.

Answer

Higher rates of other infectious diseases, unrelated to polio.

Answer

A decrease in the effectiveness of the polio vaccine due to low uptake.

Question 56

What is the primary reason for the ongoing effort to eradicate polio globally?

Accepted Answer

To prevent the resurgence of polio and ensure the well-being of future generations.

Answer

To prove the effectiveness of vaccines and promote scientific advancements.

Answer

To reduce the financial burden on healthcare systems caused by polio.

Question 57

Which of the following scenarios poses the greatest risk of poliovirus transmission?

Accepted Answer

A child who is unvaccinated and travels to a country with ongoing polio transmission.

Answer

An adult who was vaccinated as a child and receives a booster dose.

Answer

A healthy individual who comes in contact with someone who has a mild case of the common cold.

Question 58

The development of the polio vaccine involved extensive research and collaboration.  Who is credited with leading the research that resulted in the first successful inactivated polio vaccine?

Accepted Answer

Jonas Salk

Answer

Louis Pasteur

Answer

Albert Sabin

Question 59

The polio vaccine is a testament to the power of scientific advancements in improving human health.  What does this example illustrate about the relationship between science and society?

Accepted Answer

Science can play a vital role in addressing public health challenges and improving the well-being of communities.

Answer

Scientific progress is always driven by the needs of society and rarely independent.