Major Groups of Organisms: Discover the Diversity of Life

Question 1

Which of the following is a distinctive feature of archaea, differentiating them from bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Cell walls devoid of peptidoglycan

Answer

Cell walls composed of peptidoglycan

Answer

Presence of a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Answer

Multicellularity with specialized tissues

Question 2

What fundamental characteristic distinguishes bacteria from protists?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic nature of bacteria versus eukaryotic nature of protists

Answer

Multicellularity in bacteria versus unicellularity in protists

Answer

Cell wall presence in bacteria versus absence in protists

Answer

Ability to photosynthesize in bacteria versus heterotrophic nature of protists

Question 3

Which group of organisms is recognized for having cell walls primarily composed of cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Fungi

Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Archaea

Answer

Protists

Question 4

What is the primary function of chloroplasts within plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Protein production

Answer

Cellular respiration

Answer

Waste storage

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a defining characteristic of animals?

Accepted Answer

Ability for photosynthesis

Answer

Multicellularity

Answer

Heterotrophic nutrition

Answer

Motility

Question 6

Which group of organisms exhibits the greatest diversity and abundance on Earth?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Archaea

Answer

Fungi

Answer

Animals

Question 7

What is the primary source of energy for the majority of organisms on Earth, driving their metabolic processes?

Accepted Answer

Sunlight

Answer

Fossil fuels

Answer

Electrical energy

Answer

Chemical reactions

Question 8

What is the correct scientific classification of humans, reflecting their evolutionary relationships?

Accepted Answer

Domain: Eukarya; Kingdom: Animalia

Answer

Domain: Bacteria; Kingdom: Animalia

Answer

Domain: Archaea; Kingdom: Plantae

Answer

Domain: Protista; Kingdom: Fungi

Question 9

What characteristic is shared by all living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Reproduction

Answer

Nucleus

Answer

Multicellularity

Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 10

Which of the following is a characteristic of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic

Answer

Multicellular

Answer

Heterotrophic

Answer

Autotrophic

Question 11

What are the primary photosynthetic pigments found in plants?

Accepted Answer

Chlorophyll a and b

Answer

Carotenoids

Answer

Hemoglobin and myoglobin

Answer

Phycoerythrin and phycocyanin

Question 12

Which group of organisms shares the closest evolutionary relationship with animals?

Accepted Answer

Protists

Answer

Fungi

Answer

Plants

Answer

Bacteria

Question 13

Which of the following is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Possession of membrane-bound organelles

Answer

Prokaryotic structure

Answer

Multicellular nature

Answer

Autotrophic mode of nutrition

Question 14

What is the fundamental difference between heterotrophs and autotrophs?

Accepted Answer

Source of nutrition

Answer

Cell type

Answer

Habitat

Answer

Size

Question 15

Which adaptation enables animals to breathe in aquatic environments?

Accepted Answer

Gills

Answer

Wings

Answer

Camouflage

Answer

Echolocation

Question 16

What is the process by which plants harness light energy to produce chemical energy?

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Respiration

Answer

Fermentation

Answer

Glycolysis

Question 17

Which of the following organisms belongs to the kingdom Fungi?

Accepted Answer

Yeast

Answer

E. coli bacteria

Answer

Amoeba

Answer

Deer

Question 18

Which kingdom includes organisms that are predominantly unicellular, lack a cell wall except some, and can have autotrophic, heterotrophic, or mixotrophic nutrition?

Accepted Answer

Protista

Answer

Monera

Answer

Fungi

Answer

Plantae

Question 19

Yeasts, molds, and mushrooms are all examples of which kingdom?

Accepted Answer

Fungi

Answer

Animalia

Answer

Plantae

Answer

Protista

Question 20

Which group of organisms is characterized by multicellularity, cell walls made of cellulose, and the ability to produce their own food through photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

Plants

Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Archaea

Answer

Animals

Question 21

Multicellularity, heterotrophic nutrition, and the ability to move are all characteristic of which kingdom?

Accepted Answer

Animalia

Answer

Plantae

Answer

Fungi

Answer

Protista

Question 22

Cyanobacteria are an important group of organisms because they primarily:

Accepted Answer

Produce oxygen through photosynthesis

Answer

Fix nitrogen from the atmosphere

Answer

Decompose organic matter

Answer

Are harmful to humans

Question 23

Which of the following is the largest group of eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Protists

Answer

Plants

Answer

Animals

Answer

Fungi

Question 24

The scientific study of the classification and diversity of organisms is known as:

Accepted Answer

Taxonomy

Answer

Ecology

Answer

Physiology

Answer

Biochemistry

Question 25

Which group of organisms is solely responsible for carrying out photosynthesis, producing oxygen as a byproduct?

Accepted Answer

Plants

Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Archaea

Answer

Fungi

Question 26

Which type of asexual reproduction, involving the splitting of a single cell into two identical daughter cells, is commonly observed in bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Binary fission

Answer

Budding

Answer

Conjugation

Answer

Sporulation

Question 27

Which group of organisms encompasses microscopic, single-celled eukaryotes that can exhibit diverse nutritional modes, including photosynthesis and heterotrophy?

Accepted Answer

Protists

Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Archaea

Answer

Fungi

Question 28

Which of the following symbiotic relationships is characterized by both organisms benefiting from their association?

Accepted Answer

Mutualism

Answer

Commensalism

Answer

Parasitism

Answer

Predation

Question 29

Which group of organisms is distinguished by the presence of a hard, protective exoskeleton composed of a substance called chitin?

Accepted Answer

Arthropods

Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Mollusks

Answer

Vertebrates

Question 30

Which of the following is NOT a type of archaea?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotes

Answer

Methanogens

Answer

Halophiles

Answer

Extreme thermophiles

Question 31

Which of the following is a primary function of the cell wall in fungi?

Accepted Answer

Protection

Answer

Nutrient absorption

Answer

Reproduction

Answer

Motility

Question 32

Which of the following is a unique characteristic of vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

Backbone

Answer

Gills

Answer

Exoskeleton

Answer

Segmented body

Question 33

Which of the following is an example of a mutually beneficial relationship?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria living in the digestive tract of animals

Answer

Predator-prey relationship

Answer

Host-parasite relationship

Answer

Competition for resources

Question 34

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Autotrophic

Answer

Prokaryotic

Answer

Unicellular

Answer

Lack membrane-bound organelles

Question 35

Which of the following protists exhibits both photosynthetic and heterotrophic characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Euglena

Answer

Paramecium

Answer

Amoeba

Answer

Trypanosoma

Question 36

Which feature sets fungi apart from other eukaryotic organisms?

Accepted Answer

Cell walls containing chitin

Answer

Cell walls composed of cellulose

Answer

Heterotrophic mode of nutrition

Answer

Absorptive feeding method

Question 37

Identify the vascular plant that reproduces through spore formation:

Accepted Answer

Fern

Answer

Moss

Answer

Sunflower

Answer

Rose

Question 38

Which feature defines mammals:

Accepted Answer

Giving birth to live young

Answer

Laying eggs

Answer

Possessing feathers

Answer

Being cold-blooded

Question 39

Select the organism that undergoes incomplete metamorphosis:

Accepted Answer

Grasshopper

Answer

Butterfly

Answer

Frog

Answer

Spider

Question 40

What is a primary function of the animal circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

Transporting nutrients

Answer

Eliminating waste

Answer

Providing protection

Answer

Facilitating reproduction

Question 41

Identify the core principle of the theory of evolution by natural selection:

Accepted Answer

Survival of the fittest individuals

Answer

Occurrence of random variations

Answer

Transmission of acquired traits

Answer

Adaptive changes based on usage and disuse

Question 42

Protists exhibit a vast array of forms and structures. What primary challenge does this pose in classifying them?

Accepted Answer

Establishing clear morphological boundaries between different protist groups is challenging due to their diverse nature.

Answer

Comparative genetic analysis of protists is hindered by insufficient data availability.

Answer

The absence of a fossil record for protists complicates tracing their evolutionary relationships.

Question 43

Which group of organisms is most closely related to animals?

Accepted Answer

Protists

Answer

Plants

Answer

Fungi

Answer

Archaea

Question 44

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Lack a nucleus

Answer

Are always unicellular

Answer

Have a cell wall

Answer

Have membrane-bound organelles

Question 45

Which of the following is a fundamental function of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Regulates the movement of substances into and out of the cell

Answer

Carries out photosynthesis

Answer

Stores genetic material

Question 46

Which of the following is a hallmark characteristic of plants?

Accepted Answer

Autotrophic

Answer

Unicellular

Answer

Motile

Answer

Heterotrophic

Question 47

Which of the following is NOT a function associated with the nucleus?

Accepted Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

Storing genetic information

Answer

Controlling cell activities

Answer

Site of ribosome assembly

Question 48

Which of these groups represents the most abundant microorganisms?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Answer

Archaea

Answer

Fungi

Answer

Protists

Question 49

Which of the following is a defining feature of eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Have a nucleus

Answer

Lack a cell wall

Answer

Possess ribosomes

Answer

Are always multicellular

Question 50

Which of these is an advantage associated with sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Enhances genetic diversity

Answer

Diminishes the risk of inheritable disorders

Answer

Requires less energy

Answer

Produces more offspring