Fachvokabular für Chemiker: Online-Quizze und Übungen

Question 1

Define the difference between 'anhydrous' and 'aqueous' in the context of chemical reactions.

Accepted Answer

Anhydrous means without water, while aqueous means with water.

Answer

Anhydrous means with water, while aqueous means without water.

Answer

Both terms refer to the presence of water in solutions.

Answer

The terms are interchangeable and have no specific meaning in chemistry.

Question 2

Which of the following is the correct term for a substance primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen atoms?

Accepted Answer

Organic compound

Answer

Inorganic compound

Answer

Hydrocarbon

Answer

Carboxylic acid

Question 3

What is the functional group consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom called?

Accepted Answer

Aldehyde

Answer

Alcohol

Answer

Ketone

Answer

Amine

Question 4

Which of the following classifications best describes a compound composed of positive and negative ions bound together in a crystal lattice?

Accepted Answer

Salt

Answer

Ester

Answer

Amide

Answer

Alkene

Question 5

Which chemical process involves the breakdown of complex organic molecules into simpler ones with the addition of water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Answer

Oxidation

Answer

Reduction

Answer

Polymerization

Question 6

What is the term for a chemical reaction that occurs within a living organism?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Combustion

Answer

Neutralization

Answer

Electrolysis

Question 7

Which molecule is responsible for transmitting genetic information in cells?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

Protein

Answer

RNA

Answer

Carbohydrate

Question 8

Which technique involves the separation of a mixture's components based on their different interactions with a stationary phase and a mobile phase?

Accepted Answer

Gas chromatography

Answer

Titration

Answer

Spectrophotometry

Answer

Polarimetry

Question 9

What is the primary purpose of a spectrophotometer in chemistry?

Accepted Answer

Determining the concentration of a substance in a solution

Answer

Identifying the structure of a compound

Answer

Separating different components of a mixture

Answer

Detecting the presence of specific elements

Question 10

Which of the following is a crucial safety precaution to соблюдать when working in a chemistry laboratory?

Accepted Answer

Wearing appropriate personal protective equipment

Answer

Consuming food or drinks in the lab area

Answer

Using glassware without proper training

Answer

Leaving experiments unattended while running

Question 11

What is the recommended procedure for disposing of chemical waste generated in a laboratory setting?

Accepted Answer

Following established waste management protocols

Answer

Disposing of it down the sink drain

Answer

Disposing of it in regular trash

Answer

Storing it indefinitely within the laboratory

Question 12

Which of the following terms refers to the process of forming covalent bonds between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bonding

Answer

Oxidation

Answer

Reduction

Answer

Polarization

Question 13

The functional group present in alcohols is:

Accepted Answer

-OH

Answer

-COOH

Answer

-NH2

Answer

-C=O

Question 14

Which of the following is a transition metal?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Answer

Sodium

Answer

Chlorine

Answer

Carbon

Question 15

The process of converting an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid is known as:

Accepted Answer

Oxidation

Answer

Reduction

Answer

Hydrolysis

Answer

Esterification

Question 16

Which of the following is a type of intermolecular force?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bond

Answer

Ionic bond

Answer

Covalent bond

Answer

Metallic bond

Question 17

The hybridization of the carbon atom in methane (CH4) is:

Accepted Answer

sp3

Answer

sp

Answer

sp2

Answer

sp3d

Question 18

Which of the following is a strong acid?

Accepted Answer

Hydrochloric acid

Answer

Acetic acid

Answer

Ammonia

Answer

Sodium hydroxide

Question 19

The process of separating a mixture of liquids based on their different boiling points is called:

Accepted Answer

Distillation

Answer

Chromatography

Answer

Extraction

Answer

Titration

Question 20

Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?

Accepted Answer

Carbon dioxide

Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Nitrogen

Answer

Helium

Question 21

The process by which plants convert sunlight into chemical energy is called:

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Glycolysis

Answer

Respiration

Answer

Fermentation

Question 22

Which term refers to a molecule that carries both a positive charge and a negative charge, resulting in an overall neutral charge?

Accepted Answer

Zwitterion

Answer

Anion

Answer

Cation

Answer

Carbanion

Question 23

Which type of chemical reaction involves the transfer of electrons between atoms or ions, leading to a change in their oxidation states?

Accepted Answer

Redox reaction

Answer

Combustion reaction

Answer

Neutralization reaction

Answer

Precipitation reaction

Question 24

What is the name of the process by which an atom or molecule absorbs energy from an external source, causing the electrons to transition to a higher energy level?

Accepted Answer

Excitation

Answer

Ionization

Answer

Deexcitation

Answer

Dissociation

Question 25

Which instrument is used to separate and analyze the components of a mixture based on their different boiling points and measures the time it takes for each component to pass through the column?

Accepted Answer

Gas chromatograph

Answer

Mass spectrometer

Answer

Microscope

Answer

Spectrophotometer

Question 26

In biochemistry, what is the name of the molecule that stores genetic information and consists of a double helix structure?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

Protein

Answer

Carbohydrate

Answer

RNA

Question 27

Which type of chemical equilibrium involves a reversible reaction between two or more species in the same phase?

Accepted Answer

Homogeneous equilibrium

Answer

Dynamic equilibrium

Answer

Heterogeneous equilibrium

Question 28

What is the name of the physical property that measures the resistance of a fluid to flow?

Accepted Answer

Viscosity

Answer

Solubility

Answer

Density

Question 29

Which type of intermolecular force results from the attraction between a partially positive region of one polar molecule and a partially negative region of another polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

Dipole-dipole interaction

Answer

Van der Waals force

Answer

Hydrogen bonding

Answer

Ionic bonding

Question 30

What is the name of the technique used to determine the molecular weight and structure of a substance by measuring its mass-to-charge ratio?

Accepted Answer

Mass spectrometry

Answer

Chromatography

Answer

Titration

Answer

Spectrophotometry

Question 31

Which term describes a chemical reaction that releases heat into its surroundings?

Accepted Answer

Exothermic

Answer

Equilibrium

Answer

Endothermic

Answer

Catalytic

Question 32

What is an 'aqueous solution' in chemistry?

Accepted Answer

A solution where water is the solvent

Answer

A solution with a high solute concentration

Answer

A solution used for analysis

Answer

A highly reactive solution

Question 33

Which of these is NOT an organic compound?

Accepted Answer

Salt

Answer

Protein

Answer

Carbohydrate

Answer

Lipid

Question 34

What is the role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

It speeds up the reaction without being consumed.

Answer

It changes the reaction's equilibrium position.

Answer

It increases the product yield.

Question 35

In a chemical reaction, what does 'oxidation' refer to?

Accepted Answer

The loss of electrons by a substance

Answer

A change in the physical state of matter

Answer

The formation of a precipitate

Answer

The gain of electrons by a substance

Question 36

What characterizes an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

It forms when electrons are transferred between atoms.

Answer

It results in the formation of molecules.

Answer

It forms when electrons are shared between atoms.

Answer

It typically occurs between two non-metal atoms.

Question 37

What does 'pH' measure in a solution?

Accepted Answer

The acidity or alkalinity

Answer

The temperature

Answer

The density

Answer

The concentration of a specific ion

Question 38

In chemical synthesis, what does 'yield' refer to?

Accepted Answer

The amount of product obtained in a reaction.

Answer

The purity of the reactants used.

Answer

The rate of a reaction.

Question 39

What is the primary function of enzymes in biochemical reactions?

Accepted Answer

They act as biological catalysts to speed up reactions.

Answer

They provide structural support to cells.

Answer

They transport molecules across cell membranes.

Question 40

In analytical chemistry, what is 'spectroscopy'?

Accepted Answer

The study of how matter interacts with electromagnetic radiation.

Answer

The separation of mixtures based on boiling points.

Answer

The determination of the concentration of a solution.

Question 41

Which of the following terms refers to a hydrocarbon containing both single and double bonds?

Accepted Answer

Alkadiene

Answer

Alkyne

Answer

Alkane

Answer

Alkene

Question 42

What is the name of the inorganic compound with the formula NaCl?

Accepted Answer

Sodium chloride

Answer

Potassium nitrate

Answer

Potassium chloride

Answer

Sodium nitrate

Question 43

Which of the following molecules is a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

Cellulose

Answer

Starch

Answer

Glycogen

Question 44

What is the IUPAC name of the compound CH3CH2CH(CH3)CH2CH3?

Accepted Answer

3-methylhexane

Answer

2,3-dimethylbutane

Answer

4-methylhexane

Answer

2-methylpentane

Question 45

Which of the following functional groups contains a carbonyl group?

Accepted Answer

Carboxylic acid

Answer

Alcohol

Answer

Ester

Answer

Amine

Question 46

What type of reaction is the following: CH3CH2Br + NaOH → CH3CH2OH + NaBr?

Accepted Answer

Nucleophilic substitution

Answer

Electrophilic addition

Answer

Elimination

Question 47

Which of the following is a diprotic acid?

Accepted Answer

Sulfuric acid

Answer

Phosphoric acid

Answer

Hydrochloric acid

Answer

Nitric acid

Question 48

What is the molar mass of calcium carbonate (CaCO3)?

Accepted Answer

100.09 g/mol

Answer

200.18 g/mol

Answer

50.05 g/mol

Answer

150.14 g/mol

Question 49

Which of the following solutions has the highest pH?

Accepted Answer

1 x 10^-7 M NaOH

Answer

1 x 10^-7 M HCl

Answer

1 x 10^-8 M HCl

Answer

1 x 10^-8 M NaOH

Question 50

What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in the following molecule: CH2=CH2?

Accepted Answer

sp2

Answer

sp

Answer

sp3

Answer

sp3d

Question 51

Which of the following is NOT a functional group found in organic chemistry?

Accepted Answer

Alkyne

Answer

Aldehyde

Answer

Ether

Answer

Amine

Question 52

What is the term for a chemical reaction that involves the addition of water to a compound?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Answer

Reduction

Answer

Oxidation

Answer

Neutralization

Question 53

Which of the following is NOT a type of isomerism?

Accepted Answer

Structural

Answer

Geometric

Answer

Optical

Question 54

What is the chemical formula for glucose?

Accepted Answer

C₆H₁₂O₆

Answer

C₅H₁₀O₅

Answer

C₃H₆O₃

Answer

C₄H₈O₄

Question 55

Which of the following is a catalyst used in organic chemistry?

Accepted Answer

Sodium borohydride

Answer

Sodium hydroxide

Answer

Hydrochloric acid

Answer

Potassium permanganate

Question 56

What is the IUPAC name for the compound CH₃CH₂CH(OH)CH₂CH₃?

Accepted Answer

2-Butanol

Answer

4-Butanol

Answer

3-Butanol

Answer

1-Butanol

Question 57

Which of the following is a transition metal?

Accepted Answer

Iron

Answer

Sodium

Answer

Chlorine

Question 58

What is the hybridization of the carbon atom in methane?

Accepted Answer

sp<sup>3</sup>

Answer

sp<sup>2</sup>

Answer

sp

Question 59

Which of the following is a strong acid?

Accepted Answer

Hydrochloric acid

Answer

Carbonic acid

Answer

Acetic acid

Answer

Phosphoric acid

Question 60

What is the molecular shape of ammonia?

Accepted Answer

Trigonal pyramid

Answer

Bent

Answer

Tetrahedral

Answer

Linear